Characterization of Arsenic and Atrazine Contaminations in Drinking Water in Iowa: A Public Health Concern
Arsenic and atrazine are two water contaminants of high public health concern in Iowa. The occurrence of arsenic and atrazine in drinking water from Iowa's private wells and public water systems was investigated over several decades. In this study, the percentages of detection and violation of...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2023-04, Vol.20 (7), p.5397 |
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| creator | Roh, Taehyun Knappett, Peter S K Han, Daikwon Ludewig, Gabriele Kelly, Kevin M Wang, Kai Weyer, Peter J |
| description | Arsenic and atrazine are two water contaminants of high public health concern in Iowa. The occurrence of arsenic and atrazine in drinking water from Iowa's private wells and public water systems was investigated over several decades. In this study, the percentages of detection and violation of regulations were compared over region, season, and water source, and factors affecting the detection and concentration of arsenic and atrazine were analyzed using a mixed-effects model. Atrazine contamination in drinking water was found to vary by region, depending on agricultural usage patterns and hydrogeological features. The annual median atrazine levels of all public water systems were below the drinking water standard of 3 ppb in 2001-2014. Around 40% of public water systems contained arsenic at levels > 1 ppb in 2014, with 13.8% containing arsenic at levels of 5-10 ppb and 2.6% exceeding 10 ppb. This unexpected result highlights the ongoing public health threat posed by arsenic in drinking water in Iowa, emphasizing the need for continued monitoring and mitigation efforts to reduce exposure and associated health risks. Additionally, an atrazine metabolite, desethylatrazine, should be monitored to obtain a complete account of atrazine exposure and possible health effects. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph20075397 |
| format | Article |
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The occurrence of arsenic and atrazine in drinking water from Iowa's private wells and public water systems was investigated over several decades. In this study, the percentages of detection and violation of regulations were compared over region, season, and water source, and factors affecting the detection and concentration of arsenic and atrazine were analyzed using a mixed-effects model. Atrazine contamination in drinking water was found to vary by region, depending on agricultural usage patterns and hydrogeological features. The annual median atrazine levels of all public water systems were below the drinking water standard of 3 ppb in 2001-2014. Around 40% of public water systems contained arsenic at levels > 1 ppb in 2014, with 13.8% containing arsenic at levels of 5-10 ppb and 2.6% exceeding 10 ppb. This unexpected result highlights the ongoing public health threat posed by arsenic in drinking water in Iowa, emphasizing the need for continued monitoring and mitigation efforts to reduce exposure and associated health risks. Additionally, an atrazine metabolite, desethylatrazine, should be monitored to obtain a complete account of atrazine exposure and possible health effects.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075397</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37048011</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Aquifers ; Arsenic ; Arsenic - analysis ; Atrazine ; Atrazine - analysis ; Bacteria ; Contaminants ; Contamination ; Drinking water ; Drinking Water - analysis ; Environmental protection ; Geology ; Groundwater ; Hazardous materials ; Health risks ; Herbicides ; Hydrogeology ; Information systems ; Iowa - epidemiology ; Metabolites ; Natural resources ; Nervous system ; Nitrates ; Pesticides ; Public Health ; Public waters ; Signal transduction ; Statistical analysis ; Surface water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis ; Water pollution ; Water quality ; Water Supply ; Water utilities</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023-04, Vol.20 (7), p.5397</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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This unexpected result highlights the ongoing public health threat posed by arsenic in drinking water in Iowa, emphasizing the need for continued monitoring and mitigation efforts to reduce exposure and associated health risks. 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The occurrence of arsenic and atrazine in drinking water from Iowa's private wells and public water systems was investigated over several decades. In this study, the percentages of detection and violation of regulations were compared over region, season, and water source, and factors affecting the detection and concentration of arsenic and atrazine were analyzed using a mixed-effects model. Atrazine contamination in drinking water was found to vary by region, depending on agricultural usage patterns and hydrogeological features. The annual median atrazine levels of all public water systems were below the drinking water standard of 3 ppb in 2001-2014. Around 40% of public water systems contained arsenic at levels > 1 ppb in 2014, with 13.8% containing arsenic at levels of 5-10 ppb and 2.6% exceeding 10 ppb. This unexpected result highlights the ongoing public health threat posed by arsenic in drinking water in Iowa, emphasizing the need for continued monitoring and mitigation efforts to reduce exposure and associated health risks. Additionally, an atrazine metabolite, desethylatrazine, should be monitored to obtain a complete account of atrazine exposure and possible health effects.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>37048011</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph20075397</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7509-015X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2567-9489</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2755-1841</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9177-1454</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aquifers Arsenic Arsenic - analysis Atrazine Atrazine - analysis Bacteria Contaminants Contamination Drinking water Drinking Water - analysis Environmental protection Geology Groundwater Hazardous materials Health risks Herbicides Hydrogeology Information systems Iowa - epidemiology Metabolites Natural resources Nervous system Nitrates Pesticides Public Health Public waters Signal transduction Statistical analysis Surface water Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water pollution Water quality Water Supply Water utilities |
| title | Characterization of Arsenic and Atrazine Contaminations in Drinking Water in Iowa: A Public Health Concern |
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