Community SARS-CoV-2 Surge and Within-School Transmission
When the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic began, experts raised concerns about in-person instruction in the setting of high levels of community transmission. We describe secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within North Carolina kindergarten through 12th-grade sc...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Pediatrics (Evanston) 2021-10, Vol.148 (4), p.1 |
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| creator | Zimmerman, Kanecia O Brookhart, M Alan Kalu, Ibukunoluwa C Boutzoukas, Angelique E McGann, Kathleen A Smith, Michael J Maradiaga Panayotti, Gabriela M Armstrong, Sarah C Weber, David J Moorthy, Ganga S Benjamin, Jr, Daniel K |
| description | When the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic began, experts raised concerns about in-person instruction in the setting of high levels of community transmission. We describe secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within North Carolina kindergarten through 12th-grade school districts during a winter surge to determine if mitigation strategies can hinder within-school transmission.
From October 26, 2020, to February 28, 2021, 13 North Carolina school districts participating in The ABC Science Collaborative were open for in-person instruction, adhered to basic mitigation strategies, and tracked community- and school-acquired SARS-CoV-2 cases. Public health officials adjudicated each case. We combined these data with that from August 2020 to evaluate the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 winter surge on infection rates as well as weekly community- and school-acquired cases. We evaluated the number of secondary cases generated by each primary case as well as the role of athletic activities in school-acquired cases.
More than 100 000 students and staff from 13 school districts attended school in person; of these, 4969 community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections were documented by molecular testing. Through contact tracing, North Carolina local health department staff identified an additional 209 infections among >26 000 school close contacts (secondary attack rate |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1542/peds.2021-052686 |
| format | Article |
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From October 26, 2020, to February 28, 2021, 13 North Carolina school districts participating in The ABC Science Collaborative were open for in-person instruction, adhered to basic mitigation strategies, and tracked community- and school-acquired SARS-CoV-2 cases. Public health officials adjudicated each case. We combined these data with that from August 2020 to evaluate the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 winter surge on infection rates as well as weekly community- and school-acquired cases. We evaluated the number of secondary cases generated by each primary case as well as the role of athletic activities in school-acquired cases.
More than 100 000 students and staff from 13 school districts attended school in person; of these, 4969 community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections were documented by molecular testing. Through contact tracing, North Carolina local health department staff identified an additional 209 infections among >26 000 school close contacts (secondary attack rate <1%). Most within-school transmissions in high schools (75%) were linked to school-sponsored sports. School-acquired cases slightly increased during the surge; however, within-school transmission rates remained constant, from presurge to surge, with ∼1 school-acquired case for every 20 primary cases.
With adherence to basic mitigation strategies, within-school transmission of SARS-CoV-2 can be interrupted, even during a surge of community infections.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0031-4005</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1098-4275</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1098-4275</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-052686</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34321339</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Academy of Pediatrics</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Community-Acquired Infections - ethnology ; Community-Acquired Infections - prevention & control ; Community-Acquired Infections - transmission ; Company distribution practices ; Contact Tracing ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - ethnology ; COVID-19 - prevention & control ; COVID-19 - transmission ; Disease transmission ; Elementary schools ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Infection control ; Infections ; Kindergarten ; Masks ; Methods ; North Carolina - epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Pediatric research ; Pediatrics ; Physical Distancing ; Prevention ; Public health ; Race Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; School districts ; Schools ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; United States</subject><ispartof>Pediatrics (Evanston), 2021-10, Vol.148 (4), p.1</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2021 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 American Academy of Pediatrics</rights><rights>Copyright American Academy of Pediatrics Oct 1, 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c529t-927e0cfd4c0e3f369e6bc9afbe24cd7ee50af5ffb10e171a4cc67121041261f23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c529t-927e0cfd4c0e3f369e6bc9afbe24cd7ee50af5ffb10e171a4cc67121041261f23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34321339$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zimmerman, Kanecia O</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brookhart, M Alan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kalu, Ibukunoluwa C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boutzoukas, Angelique E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGann, Kathleen A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Michael J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maradiaga Panayotti, Gabriela M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Armstrong, Sarah C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weber, David J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moorthy, Ganga S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benjamin, Jr, Daniel K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ABC Science Collaborative</creatorcontrib><title>Community SARS-CoV-2 Surge and Within-School Transmission</title><title>Pediatrics (Evanston)</title><addtitle>Pediatrics</addtitle><description>When the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic began, experts raised concerns about in-person instruction in the setting of high levels of community transmission. We describe secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within North Carolina kindergarten through 12th-grade school districts during a winter surge to determine if mitigation strategies can hinder within-school transmission.
From October 26, 2020, to February 28, 2021, 13 North Carolina school districts participating in The ABC Science Collaborative were open for in-person instruction, adhered to basic mitigation strategies, and tracked community- and school-acquired SARS-CoV-2 cases. Public health officials adjudicated each case. We combined these data with that from August 2020 to evaluate the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 winter surge on infection rates as well as weekly community- and school-acquired cases. We evaluated the number of secondary cases generated by each primary case as well as the role of athletic activities in school-acquired cases.
More than 100 000 students and staff from 13 school districts attended school in person; of these, 4969 community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections were documented by molecular testing. Through contact tracing, North Carolina local health department staff identified an additional 209 infections among >26 000 school close contacts (secondary attack rate <1%). Most within-school transmissions in high schools (75%) were linked to school-sponsored sports. School-acquired cases slightly increased during the surge; however, within-school transmission rates remained constant, from presurge to surge, with ∼1 school-acquired case for every 20 primary cases.
With adherence to basic mitigation strategies, within-school transmission of SARS-CoV-2 can be interrupted, even during a surge of community infections.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Community-Acquired Infections - ethnology</subject><subject>Community-Acquired Infections - prevention & control</subject><subject>Community-Acquired Infections - transmission</subject><subject>Company distribution practices</subject><subject>Contact Tracing</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>COVID-19 - ethnology</subject><subject>COVID-19 - prevention & control</subject><subject>COVID-19 - transmission</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Elementary schools</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infection control</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Kindergarten</subject><subject>Masks</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>North Carolina - epidemiology</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Pediatric research</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Physical Distancing</subject><subject>Prevention</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Race Factors</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>School districts</subject><subject>Schools</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>United States</subject><issn>0031-4005</issn><issn>1098-4275</issn><issn>1098-4275</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkU1v1DAQhi1ERbeFOycUiQsXt-OvODmhVQQFqVIltsDR8jqTXVeJvdgJov-eRFsq2tMc5plX8-oh5C2DC6Ykvzxgmy84cEZB8bIqX5AVg7qikmv1kqwABKMSQJ2Ss5zvAEAqzV-RUyEFZ0LUK1I3cRim4Mf7YrP-tqFN_EF5sZnSDgsb2uKnH_c-0I3bx9gXt8mGPPicfQyvyUln-4xvHuY5-f75023zhV7fXH1t1tfUKV6PtOYawXWtdICiE2WN5dbVttsil67ViApsp7puywCZZlY6V2rGGUjGS9ZxcU4-HnMP03bA1mEYk-3NIfnBpnsTrTdPN8HvzS7-NgxAM6WWhA8PCSn-mjCPZq7gsO9twDhlw5UqRaW51jP6_hl6F6cU5n4zVYFQrJZLID1SO9uj8cHFMOKf0cW-xx2auX5zY9ZasorzEqqZhyPvUsw5Yff4PQOziDSLSLOINEeR88m7_1s_HvwzJ_4CY1qYAQ</recordid><startdate>20211001</startdate><enddate>20211001</enddate><creator>Zimmerman, Kanecia O</creator><creator>Brookhart, M Alan</creator><creator>Kalu, Ibukunoluwa C</creator><creator>Boutzoukas, Angelique E</creator><creator>McGann, Kathleen A</creator><creator>Smith, Michael J</creator><creator>Maradiaga Panayotti, Gabriela M</creator><creator>Armstrong, Sarah C</creator><creator>Weber, David J</creator><creator>Moorthy, Ganga S</creator><creator>Benjamin, Jr, Daniel K</creator><general>American Academy of Pediatrics</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>U9A</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20211001</creationdate><title>Community SARS-CoV-2 Surge and Within-School Transmission</title><author>Zimmerman, Kanecia O ; Brookhart, M Alan ; Kalu, Ibukunoluwa C ; Boutzoukas, Angelique E ; McGann, Kathleen A ; Smith, Michael J ; Maradiaga Panayotti, Gabriela M ; Armstrong, Sarah C ; Weber, David J ; Moorthy, Ganga S ; Benjamin, Jr, Daniel K</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c529t-927e0cfd4c0e3f369e6bc9afbe24cd7ee50af5ffb10e171a4cc67121041261f23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Community-Acquired Infections - ethnology</topic><topic>Community-Acquired Infections - prevention & control</topic><topic>Community-Acquired Infections - transmission</topic><topic>Company distribution practices</topic><topic>Contact Tracing</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>COVID-19 - ethnology</topic><topic>COVID-19 - prevention & control</topic><topic>COVID-19 - transmission</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Elementary schools</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infection control</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Kindergarten</topic><topic>Masks</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>North Carolina - epidemiology</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Pediatric research</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Physical Distancing</topic><topic>Prevention</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Race Factors</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2</topic><topic>School districts</topic><topic>Schools</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><topic>United States</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zimmerman, Kanecia O</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brookhart, M Alan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kalu, Ibukunoluwa C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boutzoukas, Angelique E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGann, Kathleen A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Michael J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maradiaga Panayotti, Gabriela M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Armstrong, Sarah C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weber, David J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moorthy, Ganga S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benjamin, Jr, Daniel K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ABC Science Collaborative</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Pediatrics (Evanston)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zimmerman, Kanecia O</au><au>Brookhart, M Alan</au><au>Kalu, Ibukunoluwa C</au><au>Boutzoukas, Angelique E</au><au>McGann, Kathleen A</au><au>Smith, Michael J</au><au>Maradiaga Panayotti, Gabriela M</au><au>Armstrong, Sarah C</au><au>Weber, David J</au><au>Moorthy, Ganga S</au><au>Benjamin, Jr, Daniel K</au><aucorp>ABC Science Collaborative</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Community SARS-CoV-2 Surge and Within-School Transmission</atitle><jtitle>Pediatrics (Evanston)</jtitle><addtitle>Pediatrics</addtitle><date>2021-10-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>148</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1</spage><pages>1-</pages><issn>0031-4005</issn><issn>1098-4275</issn><eissn>1098-4275</eissn><abstract>When the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic began, experts raised concerns about in-person instruction in the setting of high levels of community transmission. We describe secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within North Carolina kindergarten through 12th-grade school districts during a winter surge to determine if mitigation strategies can hinder within-school transmission.
From October 26, 2020, to February 28, 2021, 13 North Carolina school districts participating in The ABC Science Collaborative were open for in-person instruction, adhered to basic mitigation strategies, and tracked community- and school-acquired SARS-CoV-2 cases. Public health officials adjudicated each case. We combined these data with that from August 2020 to evaluate the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 winter surge on infection rates as well as weekly community- and school-acquired cases. We evaluated the number of secondary cases generated by each primary case as well as the role of athletic activities in school-acquired cases.
More than 100 000 students and staff from 13 school districts attended school in person; of these, 4969 community-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections were documented by molecular testing. Through contact tracing, North Carolina local health department staff identified an additional 209 infections among >26 000 school close contacts (secondary attack rate <1%). Most within-school transmissions in high schools (75%) were linked to school-sponsored sports. School-acquired cases slightly increased during the surge; however, within-school transmission rates remained constant, from presurge to surge, with ∼1 school-acquired case for every 20 primary cases.
With adherence to basic mitigation strategies, within-school transmission of SARS-CoV-2 can be interrupted, even during a surge of community infections.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Academy of Pediatrics</pub><pmid>34321339</pmid><doi>10.1542/peds.2021-052686</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Child Child, Preschool Community-Acquired Infections - ethnology Community-Acquired Infections - prevention & control Community-Acquired Infections - transmission Company distribution practices Contact Tracing Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - ethnology COVID-19 - prevention & control COVID-19 - transmission Disease transmission Elementary schools Health aspects Humans Infection control Infections Kindergarten Masks Methods North Carolina - epidemiology Pandemics Pediatric research Pediatrics Physical Distancing Prevention Public health Race Factors SARS-CoV-2 School districts Schools Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 United States |
| title | Community SARS-CoV-2 Surge and Within-School Transmission |
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