Potentiation of the anti‐tumor effect of actinomycin D by tumor necrosis factor α in mice: Correlation between in vitro and in vivo results

The anti‐tumor effects of actinomycin D (Act D) and recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α have been studied on 4 established murine tumor cell lines: MmB16 melanoma, Lewis lung (LL/2) carcinoma, L1 sarcoma and L1210 leukemia. During short‐term incubation (24 hr) Act D produced dose‐dependent cytostatic/cytotoxic effects against MmB16, LL/2 and L1 tumor cells but did not reduce the viability of these cells even at high concentration (10 μg/ml), below a threshold of 30–60%. However, L1210 leukemic cells were highly susceptible to Act D, and no viable cells were detected in cultures incubated with 1 μg/ml of Act D. TNF‐α alone, when used under the same culture conditions, had only a negligible effect on all cell lines tested. However, the combination of this cytokine with Act D produced synergistic cytotoxic effects against MmB16, LL/2 and L1 cells but not against L1210 leukemia cells. In an in vivo model of regional therapy in which tumor‐bearing mice were treated with Act D and TNF‐α, a correlation with in vitro results was observed. In mice bearing MmB16 melanoma, LL/2 carcinoma and L1 sarcoma, the most potent anti‐tumor effects were observed in mice treated with Act D and TNF‐α together. This treatment led to a delay of tumor growth and induced complete tumor regression in some cases. On the contrary, TNF‐α did not enhance the effect of Act D in mice injected with L1210 leukemia cells. Our results show that TNF‐α can potentiate the anti‐tumor effects of Act D against tumors weakly susceptible to Act D and may be a useful adjuvant to chemotherapy in the local treatment of neoplasia. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.