par-2, a Gene Required for Blastomere Asymmetry in Caenorhabditis elegans, Encodes Zinc-Finger and ATP-Binding Motifs
The par-2 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans functions in early embryogenesis to ensure an asymmetric first cleavage and the segregation of cytoplasmic factors. Both processes appear to be required to generate daughter blastomeres with distinct developmental potential. We isolated an allele of par-2 by...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 1994-06, Vol.91 (13), p.6108-6112 |
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| creator | Levitan, Diane J. Boyd, Lynn Mello, Craig C. Kemphues, Kenneth J. Stinchcomb, Dan T. |
| description | The par-2 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans functions in early embryogenesis to ensure an asymmetric first cleavage and the segregation of cytoplasmic factors. Both processes appear to be required to generate daughter blastomeres with distinct developmental potential. We isolated an allele of par-2 by using a screen for maternal-effect lethal mutations in a strain known for its high frequency of transposition events. A transposable element was found to be linked to this allele. Sequences flanking the site of transposon insertion were cloned and found to rescue the par-2 mutant phenotype. DNA in the par-2 region hybridized to a 2.3-kb germ-line-enriched mRNA. The cDNA corresponding to this germ-line-enriched message was cloned, sequenced, and used to identify the molecular lesions associated with three par-2 alleles. Sequence analysis of the par-2 cDNA revealed that the predicted protein contained two distinct motifs found in other known proteins: an ATP-binding site and a cysteine-rich motif which identifies the par-2 gene product as a member of a growing class of putative zinc-binding proteins. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.91.13.6108 |
| format | Article |
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Both processes appear to be required to generate daughter blastomeres with distinct developmental potential. We isolated an allele of par-2 by using a screen for maternal-effect lethal mutations in a strain known for its high frequency of transposition events. A transposable element was found to be linked to this allele. Sequences flanking the site of transposon insertion were cloned and found to rescue the par-2 mutant phenotype. DNA in the par-2 region hybridized to a 2.3-kb germ-line-enriched mRNA. The cDNA corresponding to this germ-line-enriched message was cloned, sequenced, and used to identify the molecular lesions associated with three par-2 alleles. Sequence analysis of the par-2 cDNA revealed that the predicted protein contained two distinct motifs found in other known proteins: an ATP-binding site and a cysteine-rich motif which identifies the par-2 gene product as a member of a growing class of putative zinc-binding proteins.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.13.6108</identifier><identifier>PMID: 8016123</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</publisher><subject>Adenosine Triphosphate - metabolism ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Biochemistry ; Blastomeres - physiology ; Blotting, Northern ; Blotting, Southern ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; Caenorhabditis elegans - embryology ; Caenorhabditis elegans - genetics ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; Cellular biology ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast ; Cloning, Molecular ; Complementary DNA ; Consensus Sequence ; DNA ; DNA - analysis ; DNA - metabolism ; DNA Primers ; Embryo, Nonmammalian - physiology ; Embryos ; Genes ; Genetic mutation ; Genomics ; Helminth Proteins - biosynthesis ; Helminth Proteins - genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phenotypes ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Restriction Mapping ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis ; RNA, Messenger - metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Zinc Fingers - genetics</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 1994-06, Vol.91 (13), p.6108-6112</ispartof><rights>Copyright 1994 The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</rights><rights>Copyright National Academy of Sciences Jun 21, 1994</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4358-97ab14733da4ce529d91c8e61f0ce4d9bd04f7803da765a58a7b55577ce83ee03</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/91/13.cover.gif</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2365123$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/2365123$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,803,885,27924,27925,53791,53793,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8016123$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Levitan, Diane J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boyd, Lynn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mello, Craig C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kemphues, Kenneth J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stinchcomb, Dan T.</creatorcontrib><title>par-2, a Gene Required for Blastomere Asymmetry in Caenorhabditis elegans, Encodes Zinc-Finger and ATP-Binding Motifs</title><title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>The par-2 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans functions in early embryogenesis to ensure an asymmetric first cleavage and the segregation of cytoplasmic factors. Both processes appear to be required to generate daughter blastomeres with distinct developmental potential. We isolated an allele of par-2 by using a screen for maternal-effect lethal mutations in a strain known for its high frequency of transposition events. A transposable element was found to be linked to this allele. Sequences flanking the site of transposon insertion were cloned and found to rescue the par-2 mutant phenotype. DNA in the par-2 region hybridized to a 2.3-kb germ-line-enriched mRNA. The cDNA corresponding to this germ-line-enriched message was cloned, sequenced, and used to identify the molecular lesions associated with three par-2 alleles. Sequence analysis of the par-2 cDNA revealed that the predicted protein contained two distinct motifs found in other known proteins: an ATP-binding site and a cysteine-rich motif which identifies the par-2 gene product as a member of a growing class of putative zinc-binding proteins.</description><subject>Adenosine Triphosphate - metabolism</subject><subject>Alleles</subject><subject>Amino Acid Sequence</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Binding Sites</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Blastomeres - physiology</subject><subject>Blotting, Northern</subject><subject>Blotting, Southern</subject><subject>Caenorhabditis elegans</subject><subject>Caenorhabditis elegans - embryology</subject><subject>Caenorhabditis elegans - genetics</subject><subject>Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins</subject><subject>Cellular biology</subject><subject>Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast</subject><subject>Cloning, Molecular</subject><subject>Complementary DNA</subject><subject>Consensus Sequence</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA - analysis</subject><subject>DNA - metabolism</subject><subject>DNA Primers</subject><subject>Embryo, Nonmammalian - physiology</subject><subject>Embryos</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic mutation</subject><subject>Genomics</subject><subject>Helminth Proteins - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Helminth Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Phenotypes</subject><subject>Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Genetic</subject><subject>Restriction Mapping</subject><subject>RNA</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - metabolism</subject><subject>Sequence Homology, Amino Acid</subject><subject>Zinc Fingers - genetics</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1994</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFks9v0zAUxy0EGqVw5gLI4gCXpbNjx3GkXbpqG0hDIDQuXCwnfulcJXZnJ4j-9zhqKT8OcLElfz_vfe33NULPKVlQUrKzrdNxUdEFZQtBiXyAZpRUNBO8Ig_RjJC8zCTP-WP0JMYNIaQqJDlBJ5JQQXM2Q-NWhyw_xRpfgwP8Ge5HG8Dg1gd80ek4-B4C4GXc9T0MYYetwysNzoc7XRs72Iihg7V28RRfusYbiPirdU12Zd0aAtbO4OXtp-zCOpNO8Ac_2DY-RY9a3UV4dtjn6MvV5e3qXXbz8fr9anmTNZwVMqtKXVNeMmY0b6DIK1PRRoKgLWmAm6o2hLelJEkvRaELqcu6KIqybEAyAMLm6HzfdzvWPZgG3BB0p7bB9jrslNdW_ak4e6fW_pvifPKdozeH8uDvR4iD6m1soOu0Az9GlUzToOX_QSpElTPKE_j6L3Djx-DSDFROKCNCpHWOzvZQE3yMAdrjhSlRU-pqSl1VVFGmptRTxcvf33nkDzEn_e1Bnwp_qr8aqHbsugG-D4l89U8yAS_2wCb9jXAkciaKyekHAdHJ-g</recordid><startdate>19940621</startdate><enddate>19940621</enddate><creator>Levitan, Diane J.</creator><creator>Boyd, Lynn</creator><creator>Mello, Craig C.</creator><creator>Kemphues, Kenneth J.</creator><creator>Stinchcomb, Dan T.</creator><general>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</general><general>National Acad Sciences</general><general>National Academy of Sciences</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19940621</creationdate><title>par-2, a Gene Required for Blastomere Asymmetry in Caenorhabditis elegans, Encodes Zinc-Finger and ATP-Binding Motifs</title><author>Levitan, Diane J. ; Boyd, Lynn ; Mello, Craig C. ; Kemphues, Kenneth J. ; Stinchcomb, Dan T.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4358-97ab14733da4ce529d91c8e61f0ce4d9bd04f7803da765a58a7b55577ce83ee03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1994</creationdate><topic>Adenosine Triphosphate - metabolism</topic><topic>Alleles</topic><topic>Amino Acid Sequence</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>Binding Sites</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Blastomeres - physiology</topic><topic>Blotting, Northern</topic><topic>Blotting, Southern</topic><topic>Caenorhabditis elegans</topic><topic>Caenorhabditis elegans - embryology</topic><topic>Caenorhabditis elegans - genetics</topic><topic>Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins</topic><topic>Cellular biology</topic><topic>Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast</topic><topic>Cloning, Molecular</topic><topic>Complementary DNA</topic><topic>Consensus Sequence</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>DNA - analysis</topic><topic>DNA - metabolism</topic><topic>DNA Primers</topic><topic>Embryo, Nonmammalian - physiology</topic><topic>Embryos</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genetic mutation</topic><topic>Genomics</topic><topic>Helminth Proteins - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Helminth Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Phenotypes</topic><topic>Polymerase Chain Reaction</topic><topic>Polymorphism, Genetic</topic><topic>Restriction Mapping</topic><topic>RNA</topic><topic>RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis</topic><topic>RNA, Messenger - metabolism</topic><topic>Sequence Homology, Amino Acid</topic><topic>Zinc Fingers - genetics</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Levitan, Diane J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boyd, Lynn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mello, Craig C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kemphues, Kenneth J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stinchcomb, Dan T.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Levitan, Diane J.</au><au>Boyd, Lynn</au><au>Mello, Craig C.</au><au>Kemphues, Kenneth J.</au><au>Stinchcomb, Dan T.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>par-2, a Gene Required for Blastomere Asymmetry in Caenorhabditis elegans, Encodes Zinc-Finger and ATP-Binding Motifs</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><date>1994-06-21</date><risdate>1994</risdate><volume>91</volume><issue>13</issue><spage>6108</spage><epage>6112</epage><pages>6108-6112</pages><issn>0027-8424</issn><eissn>1091-6490</eissn><abstract>The par-2 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans functions in early embryogenesis to ensure an asymmetric first cleavage and the segregation of cytoplasmic factors. Both processes appear to be required to generate daughter blastomeres with distinct developmental potential. We isolated an allele of par-2 by using a screen for maternal-effect lethal mutations in a strain known for its high frequency of transposition events. A transposable element was found to be linked to this allele. Sequences flanking the site of transposon insertion were cloned and found to rescue the par-2 mutant phenotype. DNA in the par-2 region hybridized to a 2.3-kb germ-line-enriched mRNA. The cDNA corresponding to this germ-line-enriched message was cloned, sequenced, and used to identify the molecular lesions associated with three par-2 alleles. Sequence analysis of the par-2 cDNA revealed that the predicted protein contained two distinct motifs found in other known proteins: an ATP-binding site and a cysteine-rich motif which identifies the par-2 gene product as a member of a growing class of putative zinc-binding proteins.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</pub><pmid>8016123</pmid><doi>10.1073/pnas.91.13.6108</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 1994-06, Vol.91 (13), p.6108-6112 |
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| source | MEDLINE; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adenosine Triphosphate - metabolism Alleles Amino Acid Sequence Animals Base Sequence Binding Sites Biochemistry Blastomeres - physiology Blotting, Northern Blotting, Southern Caenorhabditis elegans Caenorhabditis elegans - embryology Caenorhabditis elegans - genetics Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins Cellular biology Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast Cloning, Molecular Complementary DNA Consensus Sequence DNA DNA - analysis DNA - metabolism DNA Primers Embryo, Nonmammalian - physiology Embryos Genes Genetic mutation Genomics Helminth Proteins - biosynthesis Helminth Proteins - genetics Humans Molecular Sequence Data Phenotypes Polymerase Chain Reaction Polymorphism, Genetic Restriction Mapping RNA RNA, Messenger - biosynthesis RNA, Messenger - metabolism Sequence Homology, Amino Acid Zinc Fingers - genetics |
| title | par-2, a Gene Required for Blastomere Asymmetry in Caenorhabditis elegans, Encodes Zinc-Finger and ATP-Binding Motifs |
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