Evolution of apolipoprotein E: mouse sequence and evidence for an 11-nucleotide ancestral unit
Apolipoprotein E (apo E) is responsible for the binding of very low density lipoprotein and chylomicron remnants to cellular receptors thereby removing them from circulation. We have isolated and determined the sequence of a cDNA encoding 285 amino acids and the entire 3′untranslated region of 112 n...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 1985-12, Vol.82 (23), p.8085-8089 |
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| container_title | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS |
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| creator | Rajavashisth, T.B Kaptein, J.S Reue, K.L Lusis, A.J |
| description | Apolipoprotein E (apo E) is responsible for the binding of very low density lipoprotein and chylomicron remnants to cellular receptors thereby removing them from circulation. We have isolated and determined the sequence of a cDNA encoding 285 amino acids and the entire 3′untranslated region of 112 nucleotides of mouse apo E. The remaining coding sequence was determined by sequencing mouse liver mRNA. Comparisons with rat and human apo E sequences showed a high degree of conservation although there were regions in each species that were characterized by unique insertions and deletions. Analysis of the sequence homologies within apo E revealed that the entire sequence is made up of repetitive units. The most primitive unit appeared to be an 11-nucleotide repeat within higher order repeats of 22 or 33 nucleotides. The 11-nucleotide unit -TCGGACGAGGC- is read in all three reading frames, and when tandemly repeated, it encodes the highly conserved amino acid sequence Xaa-(Glu/Asp)-(Glu/Asp)-Xaa-Arg-Xaa-Arg-Leu-Gly-Xaa-Xaa. We postulate that apo E and those other apolipoproteins related to it have arisen by duplications and subsequent modifications of this or a closely related 11-nucleotide ancestral sequence. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.82.23.8085 |
| format | Article |
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We have isolated and determined the sequence of a cDNA encoding 285 amino acids and the entire 3′untranslated region of 112 nucleotides of mouse apo E. The remaining coding sequence was determined by sequencing mouse liver mRNA. Comparisons with rat and human apo E sequences showed a high degree of conservation although there were regions in each species that were characterized by unique insertions and deletions. Analysis of the sequence homologies within apo E revealed that the entire sequence is made up of repetitive units. The most primitive unit appeared to be an 11-nucleotide repeat within higher order repeats of 22 or 33 nucleotides. The 11-nucleotide unit -TCGGACGAGGC- is read in all three reading frames, and when tandemly repeated, it encodes the highly conserved amino acid sequence Xaa-(Glu/Asp)-(Glu/Asp)-Xaa-Arg-Xaa-Arg-Leu-Gly-Xaa-Xaa. We postulate that apo E and those other apolipoproteins related to it have arisen by duplications and subsequent modifications of this or a closely related 11-nucleotide ancestral sequence.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.82.23.8085</identifier><identifier>PMID: 3865219</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PNASA6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</publisher><subject>Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino acids ; Animals ; Apolipoproteins E - genetics ; Base Sequence ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biological Evolution ; Complementary DNA ; EVOLUCION ; EVOLUTION ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Generally accepted auditing standards ; Genes ; Genes. Genome ; Gin ; Humans ; LIPOPROTEINAS ; LIPOPROTEINE ; LIPOPROTEINS ; Messenger RNA ; METABOLISM ; METABOLISME ; METABOLISMO ; MICE ; Molecular and cellular biology ; Molecular genetics ; NUCLEOTIDE ; Nucleotide sequences ; NUCLEOTIDES ; NUCLEOTIDOS ; Protein Conformation ; RATON ; Rats ; Reading frames ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; SOURIS</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 1985-12, Vol.82 (23), p.8085-8089</ispartof><rights>1986 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c509t-cfd11f4eee37e4d54b29d766f77bb22a82838b4a3b9ae69d3fcb141e4716ecbd3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/82/23.cover.gif</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26525$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/26525$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,799,881,27903,27904,53770,53772,57996,58229</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=8579646$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3865219$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rajavashisth, T.B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaptein, J.S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reue, K.L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lusis, A.J</creatorcontrib><title>Evolution of apolipoprotein E: mouse sequence and evidence for an 11-nucleotide ancestral unit</title><title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>Apolipoprotein E (apo E) is responsible for the binding of very low density lipoprotein and chylomicron remnants to cellular receptors thereby removing them from circulation. We have isolated and determined the sequence of a cDNA encoding 285 amino acids and the entire 3′untranslated region of 112 nucleotides of mouse apo E. The remaining coding sequence was determined by sequencing mouse liver mRNA. Comparisons with rat and human apo E sequences showed a high degree of conservation although there were regions in each species that were characterized by unique insertions and deletions. Analysis of the sequence homologies within apo E revealed that the entire sequence is made up of repetitive units. The most primitive unit appeared to be an 11-nucleotide repeat within higher order repeats of 22 or 33 nucleotides. The 11-nucleotide unit -TCGGACGAGGC- is read in all three reading frames, and when tandemly repeated, it encodes the highly conserved amino acid sequence Xaa-(Glu/Asp)-(Glu/Asp)-Xaa-Arg-Xaa-Arg-Leu-Gly-Xaa-Xaa. We postulate that apo E and those other apolipoproteins related to it have arisen by duplications and subsequent modifications of this or a closely related 11-nucleotide ancestral sequence.</description><subject>Amino Acid Sequence</subject><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Apolipoproteins E - genetics</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biological Evolution</subject><subject>Complementary DNA</subject><subject>EVOLUCION</subject><subject>EVOLUTION</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Generally accepted auditing standards</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genes. Genome</subject><subject>Gin</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>LIPOPROTEINAS</subject><subject>LIPOPROTEINE</subject><subject>LIPOPROTEINS</subject><subject>Messenger RNA</subject><subject>METABOLISM</subject><subject>METABOLISME</subject><subject>METABOLISMO</subject><subject>MICE</subject><subject>Molecular and cellular biology</subject><subject>Molecular genetics</subject><subject>NUCLEOTIDE</subject><subject>Nucleotide sequences</subject><subject>NUCLEOTIDES</subject><subject>NUCLEOTIDOS</subject><subject>Protein Conformation</subject><subject>RATON</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Reading frames</subject><subject>Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid</subject><subject>Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid</subject><subject>SOURIS</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1985</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc2LFDEQxRtR1nH1LAhKH0RPPZuv7iSCB1nGD1jwoHs1pNOVtZdM0ibpQf97004zrhdPIfV-lfdSVVVPMdpixOnF5HXaCrIldCuQaO9VG4wkbjom0f1qgxDhjWCEPawepXSLEJKtQGfVGRVdS7DcVN92h-DmPAZfB1vrKbhxClMMGUZf797U-zAnqBP8mMEbqLUfajiMw5-LDbEUaowbPxsHIZd6KRhIOWpXz37Mj6sHVrsET9bzvLp-v_t6-bG5-vzh0-W7q8a0SObG2AFjywCAcmBDy3oiB951lvO-J0QLIqjomaa91NDJgVrTY4aBcdyB6Qd6Xr09vjvN_R4GA36JoKY47nX8pYIe1b-KH7-rm3BQVGLGeOl_tfbHUL6astqPyYBz2kOZgOJloLyYFfDiCJoYUopgTx4YqWUjatmIEkQRqpaNlI7nd6Od-HUFRX-56joZ7WwsExzTCRMtlx1bjF-s2PL-Sb3r8_q_gLKzcxl-5kI-O5K3KYd4QknJ0_4VrQ5K38QS5fqL6EgnO0J_A7liwAQ</recordid><startdate>19851201</startdate><enddate>19851201</enddate><creator>Rajavashisth, T.B</creator><creator>Kaptein, J.S</creator><creator>Reue, K.L</creator><creator>Lusis, A.J</creator><general>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</general><general>National Acad Sciences</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19851201</creationdate><title>Evolution of apolipoprotein E: mouse sequence and evidence for an 11-nucleotide ancestral unit</title><author>Rajavashisth, T.B ; Kaptein, J.S ; Reue, K.L ; Lusis, A.J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c509t-cfd11f4eee37e4d54b29d766f77bb22a82838b4a3b9ae69d3fcb141e4716ecbd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1985</creationdate><topic>Amino Acid Sequence</topic><topic>Amino acids</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Apolipoproteins E - genetics</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biological Evolution</topic><topic>Complementary DNA</topic><topic>EVOLUCION</topic><topic>EVOLUTION</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Generally accepted auditing standards</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genes. Genome</topic><topic>Gin</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>LIPOPROTEINAS</topic><topic>LIPOPROTEINE</topic><topic>LIPOPROTEINS</topic><topic>Messenger RNA</topic><topic>METABOLISM</topic><topic>METABOLISME</topic><topic>METABOLISMO</topic><topic>MICE</topic><topic>Molecular and cellular biology</topic><topic>Molecular genetics</topic><topic>NUCLEOTIDE</topic><topic>Nucleotide sequences</topic><topic>NUCLEOTIDES</topic><topic>NUCLEOTIDOS</topic><topic>Protein Conformation</topic><topic>RATON</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Reading frames</topic><topic>Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid</topic><topic>Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid</topic><topic>SOURIS</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rajavashisth, T.B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaptein, J.S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reue, K.L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lusis, A.J</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rajavashisth, T.B</au><au>Kaptein, J.S</au><au>Reue, K.L</au><au>Lusis, A.J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evolution of apolipoprotein E: mouse sequence and evidence for an 11-nucleotide ancestral unit</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><date>1985-12-01</date><risdate>1985</risdate><volume>82</volume><issue>23</issue><spage>8085</spage><epage>8089</epage><pages>8085-8089</pages><issn>0027-8424</issn><eissn>1091-6490</eissn><coden>PNASA6</coden><abstract>Apolipoprotein E (apo E) is responsible for the binding of very low density lipoprotein and chylomicron remnants to cellular receptors thereby removing them from circulation. We have isolated and determined the sequence of a cDNA encoding 285 amino acids and the entire 3′untranslated region of 112 nucleotides of mouse apo E. The remaining coding sequence was determined by sequencing mouse liver mRNA. Comparisons with rat and human apo E sequences showed a high degree of conservation although there were regions in each species that were characterized by unique insertions and deletions. Analysis of the sequence homologies within apo E revealed that the entire sequence is made up of repetitive units. The most primitive unit appeared to be an 11-nucleotide repeat within higher order repeats of 22 or 33 nucleotides. The 11-nucleotide unit -TCGGACGAGGC- is read in all three reading frames, and when tandemly repeated, it encodes the highly conserved amino acid sequence Xaa-(Glu/Asp)-(Glu/Asp)-Xaa-Arg-Xaa-Arg-Leu-Gly-Xaa-Xaa. We postulate that apo E and those other apolipoproteins related to it have arisen by duplications and subsequent modifications of this or a closely related 11-nucleotide ancestral sequence.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</pub><pmid>3865219</pmid><doi>10.1073/pnas.82.23.8085</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 1985-12, Vol.82 (23), p.8085-8089 |
| issn | 0027-8424 1091-6490 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmed_primary_3865219 |
| source | MEDLINE; Jstor Complete Legacy; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Amino Acid Sequence Amino acids Animals Apolipoproteins E - genetics Base Sequence Biological and medical sciences Biological Evolution Complementary DNA EVOLUCION EVOLUTION Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Generally accepted auditing standards Genes Genes. Genome Gin Humans LIPOPROTEINAS LIPOPROTEINE LIPOPROTEINS Messenger RNA METABOLISM METABOLISME METABOLISMO MICE Molecular and cellular biology Molecular genetics NUCLEOTIDE Nucleotide sequences NUCLEOTIDES NUCLEOTIDOS Protein Conformation RATON Rats Reading frames Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid SOURIS |
| title | Evolution of apolipoprotein E: mouse sequence and evidence for an 11-nucleotide ancestral unit |
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