Unveiling the secrets of snakes: Analysis of environmental, socioeconomic, and spatial factors associated with snakebite risk in Paraná, Southern Brazil
The state of Paraná is home to three out of the five medically significant snake genera in Brazil and lacks of snakebite epidemiology studies. This study aimed to ascertain the spatial, environmental, and socioeconomic factors associated with snakebite risk by analyzing notification data of cases in...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Toxicon (Oxford) 2024-01, Vol.237, p.107552-107552, Article 107552 |
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description | The state of Paraná is home to three out of the five medically significant snake genera in Brazil and lacks of snakebite epidemiology studies. This study aimed to ascertain the spatial, environmental, and socioeconomic factors associated with snakebite risk by analyzing notification data of cases in the state of Paraná. Notification and socioeconomic data were gathered from the online platforms of the National System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Land cover and land use maps were obtained from the Mapbiomas platform in raster format and subsequently converted into vectors using QGis software. The proportions of land use and land cover in square kilometers (km2) were then calculated. All acquired data were tabulated using Microsoft Excel 365 software. For spatial analysis, GeoDa software version 1.20 was utilized to calculate the Global and Local Moran indices, assessing spatial correlations. Between 2007 and 2021, 12,877 notifications were recorded, with an average incidence of 8.22/100,000 inhabitants in the state, 8166 (63.41%) caused by Bothrops, 1534 (11.91%) caused by Crotalus, 56 (0.43%) caused by Micrurus. 1703 (13.22%) caused by non-venomous snake species, and the remaining cases did not have the identified causative species. The incidents caused by Bothrops and Crotalus showed different distribution patterns. Spatial analysis revealed that key factors contributing to snakebite risk included the presence of native forests, mangroves, apicuns, and monospecific planted forests. The population group at the highest risk comprised rural residents and workers. Furthermore, the absence of basic sanitation and proper garbage collection and disposal exhibited positive correlations with snakebites. Conversely, intensive farming practices with substantial mechanization and pastures demonstrated negative spatial correlations. This study has enabled the identification of the primary factors associated with snakebite risk, facilitating more targeted efforts to prevent snakebite accidents among vulnerable populations.
[Display omitted]
•Native and monospecific forests have a positive spatial correlation with snakebites.•Mechanized agriculture, antropization and deforestation impact snakebite.•Manual rural workers and residents are more vulnerable to snakebites.•The absence of basic sanitation and proper garbage collection increases snakebites.•The incidents caused by snakes of the genera Bothrops an |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107552 |
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[Display omitted]
•Native and monospecific forests have a positive spatial correlation with snakebites.•Mechanized agriculture, antropization and deforestation impact snakebite.•Manual rural workers and residents are more vulnerable to snakebites.•The absence of basic sanitation and proper garbage collection increases snakebites.•The incidents caused by snakes of the genera Bothrops and Crotalus showed different distribution patterns.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0041-0101</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-3150</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107552</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38065257</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Atlantic forest ; Bothrops ; Brazil ; Brazil - epidemiology ; computer software ; Crotalus ; epidemiology ; Geography ; Humans ; land cover ; land use ; land use and land cover maps ; mechanization ; Micrurus ; municipal solid waste ; Neglected disease ; risk ; sanitation ; snake bites ; Snake Bites - complications ; Snake Bites - epidemiology ; Snakebite epidemiology ; Snakes ; species</subject><ispartof>Toxicon (Oxford), 2024-01, Vol.237, p.107552-107552, Article 107552</ispartof><rights>2023 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c313t-bb82af2a51a07ba14f7745b33559ada8cfa60b1a7f76f8ff1933d1dba80efe9b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c313t-bb82af2a51a07ba14f7745b33559ada8cfa60b1a7f76f8ff1933d1dba80efe9b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8522-035X ; 0000-0003-2249-1931 ; 0000-0002-0362-5466</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107552$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,3537,27905,27906,45976</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38065257$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kono, Isabelli Sayuri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pandolfi, Victor César Freitas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marchi, Melca Niceia Altoé de</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freitas, Nicolas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freire, Roberta Lemos</creatorcontrib><title>Unveiling the secrets of snakes: Analysis of environmental, socioeconomic, and spatial factors associated with snakebite risk in Paraná, Southern Brazil</title><title>Toxicon (Oxford)</title><addtitle>Toxicon</addtitle><description>The state of Paraná is home to three out of the five medically significant snake genera in Brazil and lacks of snakebite epidemiology studies. This study aimed to ascertain the spatial, environmental, and socioeconomic factors associated with snakebite risk by analyzing notification data of cases in the state of Paraná. Notification and socioeconomic data were gathered from the online platforms of the National System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Land cover and land use maps were obtained from the Mapbiomas platform in raster format and subsequently converted into vectors using QGis software. The proportions of land use and land cover in square kilometers (km2) were then calculated. All acquired data were tabulated using Microsoft Excel 365 software. For spatial analysis, GeoDa software version 1.20 was utilized to calculate the Global and Local Moran indices, assessing spatial correlations. Between 2007 and 2021, 12,877 notifications were recorded, with an average incidence of 8.22/100,000 inhabitants in the state, 8166 (63.41%) caused by Bothrops, 1534 (11.91%) caused by Crotalus, 56 (0.43%) caused by Micrurus. 1703 (13.22%) caused by non-venomous snake species, and the remaining cases did not have the identified causative species. The incidents caused by Bothrops and Crotalus showed different distribution patterns. Spatial analysis revealed that key factors contributing to snakebite risk included the presence of native forests, mangroves, apicuns, and monospecific planted forests. The population group at the highest risk comprised rural residents and workers. Furthermore, the absence of basic sanitation and proper garbage collection and disposal exhibited positive correlations with snakebites. Conversely, intensive farming practices with substantial mechanization and pastures demonstrated negative spatial correlations. This study has enabled the identification of the primary factors associated with snakebite risk, facilitating more targeted efforts to prevent snakebite accidents among vulnerable populations.
[Display omitted]
•Native and monospecific forests have a positive spatial correlation with snakebites.•Mechanized agriculture, antropization and deforestation impact snakebite.•Manual rural workers and residents are more vulnerable to snakebites.•The absence of basic sanitation and proper garbage collection increases snakebites.•The incidents caused by snakes of the genera Bothrops and Crotalus showed different distribution patterns.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Atlantic forest</subject><subject>Bothrops</subject><subject>Brazil</subject><subject>Brazil - epidemiology</subject><subject>computer software</subject><subject>Crotalus</subject><subject>epidemiology</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>land cover</subject><subject>land use</subject><subject>land use and land cover maps</subject><subject>mechanization</subject><subject>Micrurus</subject><subject>municipal solid waste</subject><subject>Neglected disease</subject><subject>risk</subject><subject>sanitation</subject><subject>snake bites</subject><subject>Snake Bites - complications</subject><subject>Snake Bites - epidemiology</subject><subject>Snakebite epidemiology</subject><subject>Snakes</subject><subject>species</subject><issn>0041-0101</issn><issn>1879-3150</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc9u1DAQhy0EokvhEUA-ctgsdrxOYi6orfgnVQIJerYmzph6m9iL7V0ob8KRZ-HF8JKFa08jjb7fzGg-Qp5ytuKMNy82qxy-OxP8qma1KL1WyvoeWfCuVZXgkt0nC8bWvGIFPyGPUtowxkSnmofkRHSskbVsF-Tnld-jG53_QvM10oQmYk40WJo83GB6Sc88jLfJ_e2h37sY_IQ-w7ikKRgXsNwQJmeWFPxA0xayg5FaMDnERCEdIMg40G8uX89Te5eRRpduqPP0I0Twv38t6aewKydET88j_HDjY_LAwpjwybGekqs3rz9fvKsuP7x9f3F2WRnBRa76vqvB1iA5sLYHvrZtu5a9EFIqGKAzFhrWc2ht29jOWq6EGPjQQ8fQourFKXk-z93G8HWHKevJJYPjCB7DLmnB1kwo1bXyTrRWrFZNebEqqJxRE0NKEa3eRjdBvNWc6YNAvdFHgfogUM8CS-7ZccWun3D4n_pnrACvZgDLT_YOo07GoTc4uIgm6yG4O1b8AaB2s1c</recordid><startdate>202401</startdate><enddate>202401</enddate><creator>Kono, Isabelli Sayuri</creator><creator>Pandolfi, Victor César Freitas</creator><creator>Marchi, Melca Niceia Altoé de</creator><creator>Freitas, Nicolas</creator><creator>Freire, Roberta Lemos</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-035X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2249-1931</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0362-5466</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202401</creationdate><title>Unveiling the secrets of snakes: Analysis of environmental, socioeconomic, and spatial factors associated with snakebite risk in Paraná, Southern Brazil</title><author>Kono, Isabelli Sayuri ; Pandolfi, Victor César Freitas ; Marchi, Melca Niceia Altoé de ; Freitas, Nicolas ; Freire, Roberta Lemos</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c313t-bb82af2a51a07ba14f7745b33559ada8cfa60b1a7f76f8ff1933d1dba80efe9b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Atlantic forest</topic><topic>Bothrops</topic><topic>Brazil</topic><topic>Brazil - epidemiology</topic><topic>computer software</topic><topic>Crotalus</topic><topic>epidemiology</topic><topic>Geography</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>land cover</topic><topic>land use</topic><topic>land use and land cover maps</topic><topic>mechanization</topic><topic>Micrurus</topic><topic>municipal solid waste</topic><topic>Neglected disease</topic><topic>risk</topic><topic>sanitation</topic><topic>snake bites</topic><topic>Snake Bites - complications</topic><topic>Snake Bites - epidemiology</topic><topic>Snakebite epidemiology</topic><topic>Snakes</topic><topic>species</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kono, Isabelli Sayuri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pandolfi, Victor César Freitas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marchi, Melca Niceia Altoé de</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freitas, Nicolas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Freire, Roberta Lemos</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><jtitle>Toxicon (Oxford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kono, Isabelli Sayuri</au><au>Pandolfi, Victor César Freitas</au><au>Marchi, Melca Niceia Altoé de</au><au>Freitas, Nicolas</au><au>Freire, Roberta Lemos</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Unveiling the secrets of snakes: Analysis of environmental, socioeconomic, and spatial factors associated with snakebite risk in Paraná, Southern Brazil</atitle><jtitle>Toxicon (Oxford)</jtitle><addtitle>Toxicon</addtitle><date>2024-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>237</volume><spage>107552</spage><epage>107552</epage><pages>107552-107552</pages><artnum>107552</artnum><issn>0041-0101</issn><eissn>1879-3150</eissn><abstract>The state of Paraná is home to three out of the five medically significant snake genera in Brazil and lacks of snakebite epidemiology studies. This study aimed to ascertain the spatial, environmental, and socioeconomic factors associated with snakebite risk by analyzing notification data of cases in the state of Paraná. Notification and socioeconomic data were gathered from the online platforms of the National System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Land cover and land use maps were obtained from the Mapbiomas platform in raster format and subsequently converted into vectors using QGis software. The proportions of land use and land cover in square kilometers (km2) were then calculated. All acquired data were tabulated using Microsoft Excel 365 software. For spatial analysis, GeoDa software version 1.20 was utilized to calculate the Global and Local Moran indices, assessing spatial correlations. Between 2007 and 2021, 12,877 notifications were recorded, with an average incidence of 8.22/100,000 inhabitants in the state, 8166 (63.41%) caused by Bothrops, 1534 (11.91%) caused by Crotalus, 56 (0.43%) caused by Micrurus. 1703 (13.22%) caused by non-venomous snake species, and the remaining cases did not have the identified causative species. The incidents caused by Bothrops and Crotalus showed different distribution patterns. Spatial analysis revealed that key factors contributing to snakebite risk included the presence of native forests, mangroves, apicuns, and monospecific planted forests. The population group at the highest risk comprised rural residents and workers. Furthermore, the absence of basic sanitation and proper garbage collection and disposal exhibited positive correlations with snakebites. Conversely, intensive farming practices with substantial mechanization and pastures demonstrated negative spatial correlations. This study has enabled the identification of the primary factors associated with snakebite risk, facilitating more targeted efforts to prevent snakebite accidents among vulnerable populations.
[Display omitted]
•Native and monospecific forests have a positive spatial correlation with snakebites.•Mechanized agriculture, antropization and deforestation impact snakebite.•Manual rural workers and residents are more vulnerable to snakebites.•The absence of basic sanitation and proper garbage collection increases snakebites.•The incidents caused by snakes of the genera Bothrops and Crotalus showed different distribution patterns.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>38065257</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107552</doi><tpages>1</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-035X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2249-1931</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0362-5466</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals Atlantic forest Bothrops Brazil Brazil - epidemiology computer software Crotalus epidemiology Geography Humans land cover land use land use and land cover maps mechanization Micrurus municipal solid waste Neglected disease risk sanitation snake bites Snake Bites - complications Snake Bites - epidemiology Snakebite epidemiology Snakes species |
title | Unveiling the secrets of snakes: Analysis of environmental, socioeconomic, and spatial factors associated with snakebite risk in Paraná, Southern Brazil |
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