The AT 1 /AT 2 Receptor Equilibrium Is a Cornerstone of the Regulation of the Renin Angiotensin System beyond the Cardiovascular System
The AT receptor has mainly been associated with the pathological effects of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) (e.g., hypertension, heart and kidney diseases), and constitutes a major therapeutic target. In contrast, the AT receptor is presented as the protective arm of this RAS, and its targeting v...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2023-07, Vol.28 (14) |
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| container_title | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) |
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| creator | Colin, Mélissa Delaitre, Céline Foulquier, Sébastien Dupuis, François |
| description | The AT
receptor has mainly been associated with the pathological effects of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) (e.g., hypertension, heart and kidney diseases), and constitutes a major therapeutic target. In contrast, the AT
receptor is presented as the protective arm of this RAS, and its targeting via specific agonists is mainly used to counteract the effects of the AT
receptor. The discovery of a local RAS has highlighted the importance of the balance between AT
/AT
receptors at the tissue level. Disruption of this balance is suggested to be detrimental. The fine tuning of this balance is not limited to the regulation of the level of expression of these two receptors. Other mechanisms still largely unexplored, such as
-nitrosation of the AT
receptor, homo- and heterodimerization, and the use of AT
receptor-biased agonists, may significantly contribute to and/or interfere with the settings of this AT
/AT
equilibrium. This review will detail, through several examples (the brain, wound healing, and the cellular cycle), the importance of the functional balance between AT
and AT
receptors, and how new molecular pharmacological approaches may act on its regulation to open up new therapeutic perspectives. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/molecules28145481 |
| format | Article |
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receptor has mainly been associated with the pathological effects of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) (e.g., hypertension, heart and kidney diseases), and constitutes a major therapeutic target. In contrast, the AT
receptor is presented as the protective arm of this RAS, and its targeting via specific agonists is mainly used to counteract the effects of the AT
receptor. The discovery of a local RAS has highlighted the importance of the balance between AT
/AT
receptors at the tissue level. Disruption of this balance is suggested to be detrimental. The fine tuning of this balance is not limited to the regulation of the level of expression of these two receptors. Other mechanisms still largely unexplored, such as
-nitrosation of the AT
receptor, homo- and heterodimerization, and the use of AT
receptor-biased agonists, may significantly contribute to and/or interfere with the settings of this AT
/AT
equilibrium. This review will detail, through several examples (the brain, wound healing, and the cellular cycle), the importance of the functional balance between AT
and AT
receptors, and how new molecular pharmacological approaches may act on its regulation to open up new therapeutic perspectives.</description><identifier>EISSN: 1420-3049</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145481</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37513355</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland</publisher><subject>Angiotensin II - metabolism ; Cardiovascular System - metabolism ; Humans ; Hypertension - metabolism ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 - metabolism ; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 - metabolism ; Renin-Angiotensin System - physiology</subject><ispartof>Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2023-07, Vol.28 (14)</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><orcidid>0000-0003-1947-3839 ; 0009-0008-6137-0271 ; 0000-0002-2523-0748</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,860,27903,27904</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37513355$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Colin, Mélissa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Delaitre, Céline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Foulquier, Sébastien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dupuis, François</creatorcontrib><title>The AT 1 /AT 2 Receptor Equilibrium Is a Cornerstone of the Regulation of the Renin Angiotensin System beyond the Cardiovascular System</title><title>Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)</title><addtitle>Molecules</addtitle><description>The AT
receptor has mainly been associated with the pathological effects of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) (e.g., hypertension, heart and kidney diseases), and constitutes a major therapeutic target. In contrast, the AT
receptor is presented as the protective arm of this RAS, and its targeting via specific agonists is mainly used to counteract the effects of the AT
receptor. The discovery of a local RAS has highlighted the importance of the balance between AT
/AT
receptors at the tissue level. Disruption of this balance is suggested to be detrimental. The fine tuning of this balance is not limited to the regulation of the level of expression of these two receptors. Other mechanisms still largely unexplored, such as
-nitrosation of the AT
receptor, homo- and heterodimerization, and the use of AT
receptor-biased agonists, may significantly contribute to and/or interfere with the settings of this AT
/AT
equilibrium. This review will detail, through several examples (the brain, wound healing, and the cellular cycle), the importance of the functional balance between AT
and AT
receptors, and how new molecular pharmacological approaches may act on its regulation to open up new therapeutic perspectives.</description><subject>Angiotensin II - metabolism</subject><subject>Cardiovascular System - metabolism</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension - metabolism</subject><subject>Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 - metabolism</subject><subject>Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 - metabolism</subject><subject>Renin-Angiotensin System - physiology</subject><issn>1420-3049</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFjs9KAzEYxIMgtmofwIt8L1CbbBJsj2Wp6LXuvWS7X9tI_qz5EmGfwNd2kYrHXmaG4TcwjD0I_iTlii98dLgvDqlaCqXVUlyxqVAVn0uuVhN2S_TBeSWU0DdsIp-1kFLrKftuTgjrBgQsRq1gi3vsc0yw-SzW2TbZ4uGNwEAdU8BEOQaEeIA87rZ4LM5kG8N_E2yAdTjamDHQmN8HyuihxSGG7pepTeps_DI03jXpDNyz64NxhLOz37HHl01Tv8770nrsdn2y3qRh9_dcXgR-ACSBVfM</recordid><startdate>20230718</startdate><enddate>20230718</enddate><creator>Colin, Mélissa</creator><creator>Delaitre, Céline</creator><creator>Foulquier, Sébastien</creator><creator>Dupuis, François</creator><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1947-3839</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6137-0271</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2523-0748</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230718</creationdate><title>The AT 1 /AT 2 Receptor Equilibrium Is a Cornerstone of the Regulation of the Renin Angiotensin System beyond the Cardiovascular System</title><author>Colin, Mélissa ; Delaitre, Céline ; Foulquier, Sébastien ; Dupuis, François</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-pubmed_primary_375133553</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Angiotensin II - metabolism</topic><topic>Cardiovascular System - metabolism</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypertension - metabolism</topic><topic>Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 - metabolism</topic><topic>Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 - metabolism</topic><topic>Renin-Angiotensin System - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Colin, Mélissa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Delaitre, Céline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Foulquier, Sébastien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dupuis, François</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><jtitle>Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Colin, Mélissa</au><au>Delaitre, Céline</au><au>Foulquier, Sébastien</au><au>Dupuis, François</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The AT 1 /AT 2 Receptor Equilibrium Is a Cornerstone of the Regulation of the Renin Angiotensin System beyond the Cardiovascular System</atitle><jtitle>Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)</jtitle><addtitle>Molecules</addtitle><date>2023-07-18</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>14</issue><eissn>1420-3049</eissn><abstract>The AT
receptor has mainly been associated with the pathological effects of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) (e.g., hypertension, heart and kidney diseases), and constitutes a major therapeutic target. In contrast, the AT
receptor is presented as the protective arm of this RAS, and its targeting via specific agonists is mainly used to counteract the effects of the AT
receptor. The discovery of a local RAS has highlighted the importance of the balance between AT
/AT
receptors at the tissue level. Disruption of this balance is suggested to be detrimental. The fine tuning of this balance is not limited to the regulation of the level of expression of these two receptors. Other mechanisms still largely unexplored, such as
-nitrosation of the AT
receptor, homo- and heterodimerization, and the use of AT
receptor-biased agonists, may significantly contribute to and/or interfere with the settings of this AT
/AT
equilibrium. This review will detail, through several examples (the brain, wound healing, and the cellular cycle), the importance of the functional balance between AT
and AT
receptors, and how new molecular pharmacological approaches may act on its regulation to open up new therapeutic perspectives.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pmid>37513355</pmid><doi>10.3390/molecules28145481</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1947-3839</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6137-0271</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2523-0748</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2023-07, Vol.28 (14) |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmed_primary_37513355 |
| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Angiotensin II - metabolism Cardiovascular System - metabolism Humans Hypertension - metabolism Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 - metabolism Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 - metabolism Renin-Angiotensin System - physiology |
| title | The AT 1 /AT 2 Receptor Equilibrium Is a Cornerstone of the Regulation of the Renin Angiotensin System beyond the Cardiovascular System |
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