A low-cost automated titration system for colorimetric endpoint detection
An auto titrator system was developed to accurately and precisely detect colorimetric endpoints for spectrochemical titrations. This system was constructed using inexpensive components such as a Raspberry Pi® single-board computer, 3D-printed components, and a commercially available spectral sensor....
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Veröffentlicht in: | Analyst (London) 2023-05, Vol.148 (9), p.2133-214 |
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creator | Boppana, Naga P. D Snow, Robyn Simone, Paul S Emmert, Gary L Brown, Michael A |
description | An auto titrator system was developed to accurately and precisely detect colorimetric endpoints for spectrochemical titrations. This system was constructed using inexpensive components such as a Raspberry Pi® single-board computer, 3D-printed components, and a commercially available spectral sensor. The auto titrator was evaluated by performing a standard method for determination of water hardness. Regardless of analyst experience, the auto titrator performed better than the traditional titration approach that involves manual dosing of titrant and visual detection of the endpoint. Inter-day, intra-day, inter-instrumental, and intra-instrumental validation studies were performed to establish the accuracy and precision of endpoint detection. The auto titrator eliminates the subjective bias in color perception and produces accurate and precise endpoint results.
The titrator was developed using Raspberry Pi® and 3D-printing which is capable of automated color end point detection with help of AS7262 and a machine learning model. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1039/d2an02086f |
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The titrator was developed using Raspberry Pi® and 3D-printing which is capable of automated color end point detection with help of AS7262 and a machine learning model.</description><subject>Color vision</subject><subject>Colorimetry</subject><subject>Colorimetry - methods</subject><subject>Three dimensional printing</subject><subject>Titration</subject><subject>Titrimetry - methods</subject><subject>Water</subject><subject>Water hardness</subject><issn>0003-2654</issn><issn>1364-5528</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpd0c9LwzAUB_AgipvTi3cl4EWEan40P3os0-lg6EXPJUsT6GibmaTI_nszNyd4Co983uPlGwAuMbrHiBYPNVE9IkhyewTGmPI8Y4zIYzBGCNGMcJaPwFkIq1RixNApGFGR-lgux2BewtZ9ZdqFCNUQXaeiqWFsolexcT0MmxBNB63zULvW-aYz0Tcamr5eu6aPsDbR6C09BydWtcFc7M8J-Jg9vU9fssXb83xaLjJNCh4zxhlWWFPKuCVqyTiXWCvFZa6YsVYhnBcildZqwQSSRFu9LASxhBXUKkMn4HY3d-3d52BCrLomaNO2qjduCBURRSEJywVP9OYfXbnB92m7ikgkcUqAyaTudkp7F4I3tlqnZyq_qTCqtgFXj6R8_Ql4lvD1fuSw7Ex9oL-JJnC1Az7ow-3fD9Fvaex_eA</recordid><startdate>20230502</startdate><enddate>20230502</enddate><creator>Boppana, Naga P. D</creator><creator>Snow, Robyn</creator><creator>Simone, Paul S</creator><creator>Emmert, Gary L</creator><creator>Brown, Michael A</creator><general>Royal Society of Chemistry</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9137-649X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2383-4019</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230502</creationdate><title>A low-cost automated titration system for colorimetric endpoint detection</title><author>Boppana, Naga P. D ; Snow, Robyn ; Simone, Paul S ; Emmert, Gary L ; Brown, Michael A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c296t-5651a1c3356f2ab56681caa684a5effa01497a68ffc757082cfcb972f2593fae3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Color vision</topic><topic>Colorimetry</topic><topic>Colorimetry - methods</topic><topic>Three dimensional printing</topic><topic>Titration</topic><topic>Titrimetry - methods</topic><topic>Water</topic><topic>Water hardness</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Boppana, Naga P. D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Snow, Robyn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simone, Paul S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Emmert, Gary L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, Michael A</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Analyst (London)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Boppana, Naga P. D</au><au>Snow, Robyn</au><au>Simone, Paul S</au><au>Emmert, Gary L</au><au>Brown, Michael A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A low-cost automated titration system for colorimetric endpoint detection</atitle><jtitle>Analyst (London)</jtitle><addtitle>Analyst</addtitle><date>2023-05-02</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>148</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>2133</spage><epage>214</epage><pages>2133-214</pages><issn>0003-2654</issn><eissn>1364-5528</eissn><abstract>An auto titrator system was developed to accurately and precisely detect colorimetric endpoints for spectrochemical titrations. This system was constructed using inexpensive components such as a Raspberry Pi® single-board computer, 3D-printed components, and a commercially available spectral sensor. The auto titrator was evaluated by performing a standard method for determination of water hardness. Regardless of analyst experience, the auto titrator performed better than the traditional titration approach that involves manual dosing of titrant and visual detection of the endpoint. Inter-day, intra-day, inter-instrumental, and intra-instrumental validation studies were performed to establish the accuracy and precision of endpoint detection. The auto titrator eliminates the subjective bias in color perception and produces accurate and precise endpoint results.
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source | Royal Society of Chemistry Journals Gold Package; MEDLINE; Royal Society of Chemistry Journals Archive; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
subjects | Color vision Colorimetry Colorimetry - methods Three dimensional printing Titration Titrimetry - methods Water Water hardness |
title | A low-cost automated titration system for colorimetric endpoint detection |
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