Antidepressant-like effect of endogenous SO 2 on depression caused by chronic unpredictable mild stress

Sulfur dioxide (SO ) is a toxic gas with harmful effects on various organs. However, recent studies have confirmed the protective effect of SO on ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, and lung infections. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of endogenous SO on depression. The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model was performed to cause depression. Depression-like behaviors in animals were determined using an open-field test, forced swimming test, and sucrose consumption. Animal spatial learning and memory were also assessed using the Morris water maze. Besides, the oxidative status of the hippocampus and serum corticosterone level were evaluated. A reduction in the tendency to consume sucrose, mobility, and curiosity, as well as learning and memory disorders were observed in CUMS animals. Depressed animals treated with SO revealed a significant improvement in behavioral and cognitive functions. SO also reduced neuronal damage and lipid peroxidation of the hippocampus and serum corticosterone level in the CUMS group. Various shreds of evidence support a mutual relationship between inflammation and depression; also, growing studies show the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of mood-related disorders such as depression. This study indicated that increased hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum corticosterone levels can be due to the existence of oxidative stress and possible activation of inflammatory processes. SO donors diminished MDA and corticosterone levels in depressed animals. According to the study results, SO may be able to reduce tissue damage and eventually behavioral disorders caused by depression by lowering oxidative stress and inflammation.