Eye-Transcriptome and Genome-Wide Sequencing for Scolecophidia: Implications for Inferring the Visual System of the Ancestral Snake

Abstract Molecular genetic data have recently been incorporated in attempts to reconstruct the ecology of the ancestral snake, though this has been limited by a paucity of data for one of the two main extant snake taxa, the highly fossorial Scolecophidia. Here we present and analyze vision genes fro...

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Veröffentlicht in:Genome biology and evolution 2021-12, Vol.13 (12), Article 253
Hauptverfasser: Gower, David J, Fleming, James F, Pisani, Davide, Vonk, Freek J, Kerkkamp, Harald M I, Peichl, Leo, Meimann, Sonja, Casewell, Nicholas R, Henkel, Christiaan V, Richardson, Michael K, Sanders, Kate L, Simões, Bruno F
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container_title Genome biology and evolution
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creator Gower, David J
Fleming, James F
Pisani, Davide
Vonk, Freek J
Kerkkamp, Harald M I
Peichl, Leo
Meimann, Sonja
Casewell, Nicholas R
Henkel, Christiaan V
Richardson, Michael K
Sanders, Kate L
Simões, Bruno F
description Abstract Molecular genetic data have recently been incorporated in attempts to reconstruct the ecology of the ancestral snake, though this has been limited by a paucity of data for one of the two main extant snake taxa, the highly fossorial Scolecophidia. Here we present and analyze vision genes from the first eye-transcriptomic and genome-wide data for Scolecophidia, for Anilios bicolor, and A. bituberculatus, respectively. We also present immunohistochemistry data for retinal anatomy and visual opsin-gene expression in Anilios. Analyzed in the context of 19 lepidosaurian genomes and 12 eye transcriptomes, the new genome-wide and transcriptomic data provide evidence for a much more reduced visual system in Anilios than in non-scolecophidian (=alethinophidian) snakes and in lizards. In Anilios, there is no evidence of the presence of 7 of the 12 genes associated with alethinophidian photopic (cone) phototransduction. This indicates extensive gene loss and many of these candidate gene losses occur also in highly fossorial mammals with reduced vision. Although recent phylogenetic studies have found evidence for scolecophidian paraphyly, the loss in Anilios of visual genes that are present in alethinophidians implies that the ancestral snake had a better-developed visual system than is known for any extant scolecophidian.
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Here we present and analyze vision genes from the first eye-transcriptomic and genome-wide data for Scolecophidia, for Anilios bicolor, and A. bituberculatus, respectively. We also present immunohistochemistry data for retinal anatomy and visual opsin-gene expression in Anilios. Analyzed in the context of 19 lepidosaurian genomes and 12 eye transcriptomes, the new genome-wide and transcriptomic data provide evidence for a much more reduced visual system in Anilios than in non-scolecophidian (=alethinophidian) snakes and in lizards. In Anilios, there is no evidence of the presence of 7 of the 12 genes associated with alethinophidian photopic (cone) phototransduction. This indicates extensive gene loss and many of these candidate gene losses occur also in highly fossorial mammals with reduced vision. 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subjects Animals
Evolution, Molecular
Evolutionary Biology
Genetics & Heredity
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Lizards - genetics
Mammals - genetics
Opsins - genetics
Phylogeny
Science & Technology
Snakes - genetics
Transcriptome
title Eye-Transcriptome and Genome-Wide Sequencing for Scolecophidia: Implications for Inferring the Visual System of the Ancestral Snake
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