Iodine nutritional status, the prevalence of thyroid goiter and nodules in rural and urban residents: a cross-sectional study from Guangzhou, China
Objectives A variety of factors differed between rural and urban areas may further influence iodine status and thyroid structure. Hence, this study compared iodine nutrition, the prevalence of thyroid goiter, and nodules between rural and urban residents in Guangzhou, a southern coastal city of Chin...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Endocrine Connections 2021-12, Vol.10 (12), p.1550-1559 |
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creator | Yan, Yuerong You, Lili Wang, Xiaoyi Zhang, Zhuo Li, Feng Wu, Hongshi Wu, Muchao Zhang, Jin Wu, Jiayun Chen, Caixia Li, Xiaohui Xia, Biwen Xu, Mingtong Yan, Li |
description | Objectives A variety of factors differed between rural and urban areas may further influence iodine status and thyroid structure. Hence, this study compared iodine nutrition, the prevalence of thyroid goiter, and nodules between rural and urban residents in Guangzhou, a southern coastal city of China. Methods A total of 1211 rural residents and 1305 urban residents were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire regarding personal characteristics was administered. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was examined. Ultrasonography of the thyroid was performed to evaluate thyroid goiter and nodules. Multiple logistic analysis was used to identify the potential associated factors. Results The median UIC was significantly lower in rural residents than in urban residents (120.80 μg/L vs 136.00 μg/L, P < 0.001). Although the coverage rate of iodized salt was much higher in rural residents than in urban residents (99.59% vs 97.29%, P < 0.001), the percentages of seafood intake (8.60% vs 29.29%, P < 0.001), iodine-containing drug consumption (0.33% vs 1.24%, P = 0.011), and iodine contrast medium injection (0.58% vs 1.87%, P = 0.004) were lower in rural residents than in urban residents. Both the prevalence of thyroid goiters and nodules was significantly higher in rural residents than in urban residents (goiter: 8.06% vs 1.20%, P < 0.001; nodules: 61.89% vs 55.04%, P = 0.023). Living in rural areas was associated with thyroid goiter (OR 5.114, 95% CI 2.893–9.040, P < 0.001). Conclusions There were differences in iodine nutrition and the prevalence of thyroid goiter and nodules in rural and urban residents in Guangzhou. Differentiated and specialized monitoring is recommended in our area. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1530/EC-21-0418 |
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Hence, this study compared iodine nutrition, the prevalence of thyroid goiter, and nodules between rural and urban residents in Guangzhou, a southern coastal city of China. Methods A total of 1211 rural residents and 1305 urban residents were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire regarding personal characteristics was administered. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was examined. Ultrasonography of the thyroid was performed to evaluate thyroid goiter and nodules. Multiple logistic analysis was used to identify the potential associated factors. Results The median UIC was significantly lower in rural residents than in urban residents (120.80 μg/L vs 136.00 μg/L, P < 0.001). Although the coverage rate of iodized salt was much higher in rural residents than in urban residents (99.59% vs 97.29%, P < 0.001), the percentages of seafood intake (8.60% vs 29.29%, P < 0.001), iodine-containing drug consumption (0.33% vs 1.24%, P = 0.011), and iodine contrast medium injection (0.58% vs 1.87%, P = 0.004) were lower in rural residents than in urban residents. Both the prevalence of thyroid goiters and nodules was significantly higher in rural residents than in urban residents (goiter: 8.06% vs 1.20%, P < 0.001; nodules: 61.89% vs 55.04%, P = 0.023). Living in rural areas was associated with thyroid goiter (OR 5.114, 95% CI 2.893–9.040, P < 0.001). Conclusions There were differences in iodine nutrition and the prevalence of thyroid goiter and nodules in rural and urban residents in Guangzhou. Differentiated and specialized monitoring is recommended in our area.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2049-3614</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2049-3614</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1530/EC-21-0418</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34739389</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>BRISTOL: Bioscientifica Ltd</publisher><subject>Endocrinology & Metabolism ; iodine status ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; rural resident ; Science & Technology ; thyroid goiter ; thyroid nodules ; urban resident</subject><ispartof>Endocrine Connections, 2021-12, Vol.10 (12), p.1550-1559</ispartof><rights>The authors</rights><rights>The authors 2021 The authors</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>5</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000751296500006</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b485t-b82951cc62d760a3560ec33306cf93aec2eb42d7e8cebf39a7c16ffaa289b7c43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b485t-b82951cc62d760a3560ec33306cf93aec2eb42d7e8cebf39a7c16ffaa289b7c43</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8679877/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8679877/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,724,777,781,861,882,2096,2108,27905,27906,53772,53774</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34739389$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yan, Yuerong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>You, Lili</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xiaoyi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Zhuo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Feng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Hongshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Muchao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Jin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Jiayun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Caixia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xiaohui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xia, Biwen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Mingtong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yan, Li</creatorcontrib><title>Iodine nutritional status, the prevalence of thyroid goiter and nodules in rural and urban residents: a cross-sectional study from Guangzhou, China</title><title>Endocrine Connections</title><addtitle>ENDOCR CONNECT</addtitle><addtitle>Endocr Connect</addtitle><description>Objectives A variety of factors differed between rural and urban areas may further influence iodine status and thyroid structure. Hence, this study compared iodine nutrition, the prevalence of thyroid goiter, and nodules between rural and urban residents in Guangzhou, a southern coastal city of China. Methods A total of 1211 rural residents and 1305 urban residents were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire regarding personal characteristics was administered. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was examined. Ultrasonography of the thyroid was performed to evaluate thyroid goiter and nodules. Multiple logistic analysis was used to identify the potential associated factors. Results The median UIC was significantly lower in rural residents than in urban residents (120.80 μg/L vs 136.00 μg/L, P < 0.001). Although the coverage rate of iodized salt was much higher in rural residents than in urban residents (99.59% vs 97.29%, P < 0.001), the percentages of seafood intake (8.60% vs 29.29%, P < 0.001), iodine-containing drug consumption (0.33% vs 1.24%, P = 0.011), and iodine contrast medium injection (0.58% vs 1.87%, P = 0.004) were lower in rural residents than in urban residents. Both the prevalence of thyroid goiters and nodules was significantly higher in rural residents than in urban residents (goiter: 8.06% vs 1.20%, P < 0.001; nodules: 61.89% vs 55.04%, P = 0.023). Living in rural areas was associated with thyroid goiter (OR 5.114, 95% CI 2.893–9.040, P < 0.001). Conclusions There were differences in iodine nutrition and the prevalence of thyroid goiter and nodules in rural and urban residents in Guangzhou. Differentiated and specialized monitoring is recommended in our area.</description><subject>Endocrinology & Metabolism</subject><subject>iodine status</subject><subject>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</subject><subject>rural resident</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>thyroid goiter</subject><subject>thyroid nodules</subject><subject>urban resident</subject><issn>2049-3614</issn><issn>2049-3614</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>HGBXW</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkstuEzEUhkcIRKvSDQ-AvETQAV_mYrNAQqNQIlViA2vLY59JXE3s4EtReA1eGCcpUbtBeGP7-Dv_sY__qnpJ8DvSMvx-MdSU1Lgh_El1TnEjataR5umD9Vl1GeMtLoOTjjP8vDpjTc8E4-K8-r30xjpALqdgk_VOzSgmlXK8QmkNaBvgTs3gNCA_lcgueGvQytsEASlnkPMmzxCRdSjkULL3wRxGVfYQrQGX4gekkA4-xjqCPhXJZoem4DfoOiu3-rX2-QoNa-vUi-rZpOYIl_fzRfX98-Lb8KW--Xq9HD7d1GPD21SPnIqWaN1R03dYsbbDoBljuNOTYAo0hbEpZ8A1jBMTqtekmyalKBdjrxt2US2PusarW7kNdqPCTnpl5SHgw0qqkKyeQXIDijPeT1SZ0jusMO5FrwGAGKJHXrQ-HrW2edyA0eXZpRmPRB-fOLuWK38nedcL3vdF4PW9QPA_MsQkNzZqmGflwOcoaSsaKmjT7dE3R_TQ0wDTqQzBcm8KuRgkJXJvigK_enixE_rXAgXgR-AnjH6K2u4_-4QV1_QtoaJr9wbqBlu8UT5w8Nmlkvr2_1MLjY_0aP2BTXayWv3r8n8AX7zmjA</recordid><startdate>20211201</startdate><enddate>20211201</enddate><creator>Yan, Yuerong</creator><creator>You, Lili</creator><creator>Wang, Xiaoyi</creator><creator>Zhang, Zhuo</creator><creator>Li, Feng</creator><creator>Wu, Hongshi</creator><creator>Wu, Muchao</creator><creator>Zhang, Jin</creator><creator>Wu, Jiayun</creator><creator>Chen, Caixia</creator><creator>Li, Xiaohui</creator><creator>Xia, Biwen</creator><creator>Xu, Mingtong</creator><creator>Yan, Li</creator><general>Bioscientifica Ltd</general><general>Bioscientifica</general><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>HGBXW</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20211201</creationdate><title>Iodine nutritional status, the prevalence of thyroid goiter and nodules in rural and urban residents: a cross-sectional study from Guangzhou, China</title><author>Yan, Yuerong ; You, Lili ; Wang, Xiaoyi ; Zhang, Zhuo ; Li, Feng ; Wu, Hongshi ; Wu, Muchao ; Zhang, Jin ; Wu, Jiayun ; Chen, Caixia ; Li, Xiaohui ; Xia, Biwen ; Xu, Mingtong ; Yan, Li</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b485t-b82951cc62d760a3560ec33306cf93aec2eb42d7e8cebf39a7c16ffaa289b7c43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Endocrinology & Metabolism</topic><topic>iodine status</topic><topic>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</topic><topic>rural resident</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>thyroid goiter</topic><topic>thyroid nodules</topic><topic>urban resident</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yan, Yuerong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>You, Lili</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xiaoyi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Zhuo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Feng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Hongshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Muchao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Jin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Jiayun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Caixia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Xiaohui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xia, Biwen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Mingtong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yan, Li</creatorcontrib><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation Index Expanded</collection><collection>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2021</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Endocrine Connections</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yan, Yuerong</au><au>You, Lili</au><au>Wang, Xiaoyi</au><au>Zhang, Zhuo</au><au>Li, Feng</au><au>Wu, Hongshi</au><au>Wu, Muchao</au><au>Zhang, Jin</au><au>Wu, Jiayun</au><au>Chen, Caixia</au><au>Li, Xiaohui</au><au>Xia, Biwen</au><au>Xu, Mingtong</au><au>Yan, Li</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Iodine nutritional status, the prevalence of thyroid goiter and nodules in rural and urban residents: a cross-sectional study from Guangzhou, China</atitle><jtitle>Endocrine Connections</jtitle><stitle>ENDOCR CONNECT</stitle><addtitle>Endocr Connect</addtitle><date>2021-12-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>1550</spage><epage>1559</epage><pages>1550-1559</pages><issn>2049-3614</issn><eissn>2049-3614</eissn><abstract>Objectives A variety of factors differed between rural and urban areas may further influence iodine status and thyroid structure. Hence, this study compared iodine nutrition, the prevalence of thyroid goiter, and nodules between rural and urban residents in Guangzhou, a southern coastal city of China. Methods A total of 1211 rural residents and 1305 urban residents were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire regarding personal characteristics was administered. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was examined. Ultrasonography of the thyroid was performed to evaluate thyroid goiter and nodules. Multiple logistic analysis was used to identify the potential associated factors. Results The median UIC was significantly lower in rural residents than in urban residents (120.80 μg/L vs 136.00 μg/L, P < 0.001). Although the coverage rate of iodized salt was much higher in rural residents than in urban residents (99.59% vs 97.29%, P < 0.001), the percentages of seafood intake (8.60% vs 29.29%, P < 0.001), iodine-containing drug consumption (0.33% vs 1.24%, P = 0.011), and iodine contrast medium injection (0.58% vs 1.87%, P = 0.004) were lower in rural residents than in urban residents. Both the prevalence of thyroid goiters and nodules was significantly higher in rural residents than in urban residents (goiter: 8.06% vs 1.20%, P < 0.001; nodules: 61.89% vs 55.04%, P = 0.023). Living in rural areas was associated with thyroid goiter (OR 5.114, 95% CI 2.893–9.040, P < 0.001). Conclusions There were differences in iodine nutrition and the prevalence of thyroid goiter and nodules in rural and urban residents in Guangzhou. Differentiated and specialized monitoring is recommended in our area.</abstract><cop>BRISTOL</cop><pub>Bioscientifica Ltd</pub><pmid>34739389</pmid><doi>10.1530/EC-21-0418</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Endocrinology & Metabolism iodine status Life Sciences & Biomedicine rural resident Science & Technology thyroid goiter thyroid nodules urban resident |
title | Iodine nutritional status, the prevalence of thyroid goiter and nodules in rural and urban residents: a cross-sectional study from Guangzhou, China |
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