The Prognostic Significance of MACC1 Expression in Breast Cancer and Its Relationship to Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment and Patient Survival
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies among females worldwide. Globally, distant metastases were reported to be responsible for a large proportion of breast cancer-related deaths. The metastasis-associated colon cancer-1 (MACC1) gene was reported as a reliable biomarker for ea...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Lithuania), 2021-09, Vol.57 (9), p.934, Article 934 |
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| creator | Ali, Dina A. El-Guindy, Dina M. Elrashidy, Mohamed A. Sabry, Nesreen M. Kabel, Ahmed M. Gaber, Rasha A. Ibrahim, Rowida R. Samy, Sara M. Shalaby, Marwa M. Salama, Samir A. Abdelhai, Dina |
| description | Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies among females worldwide. Globally, distant metastases were reported to be responsible for a large proportion of breast cancer-related deaths. The metastasis-associated colon cancer-1 (MACC1) gene was reported as a reliable biomarker for early detection of metastasis and prediction of prognosis of breast cancer. This study investigated the prognostic significance of MACC1 in breast cancer in relation to the clinicopathologic characteristics and patients' survival. Furthermore, the possible correlation between MACC1 expression and the different immune cells in the tumor microenvironment was explored. MACC1 mRNA was identified using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 120 breast cancer specimens and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. MACC1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the cancerous relative to the non-cancerous tissues (p < 0.001). High MACC1 expression was significantly associated with poor prognostic parameters, such as larger tumor size, grade III tumors, positive nodal metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, stage III tumors, and elevated Ki-67 expression. Higher MACC1 mRNA levels were positively correlated with CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages (r = 0.614, p < 0.001), and were negatively correlated with CD56+ natural killer cells (r = -0.398, p < 0.001) and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (r = -0.323, p < 0.001). MACC1 expression was associated with poor patient overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis suggested that MACC1 expression and the presence of lymphovascular invasion could be independent prognostic indicators for breast cancer (p = 0.015 and 0.042, respectively). In conclusion, MACC1 is highly expressed in cancerous tissues and is significantly related to poor prognostic factors, overall survival, and progression-free survival. MACC1 may influence infiltration of the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, enhance immune escape of tumor cells, and may serve as a reliable independent prognostic factor for breast cancer. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/medicina57090934 |
| format | Article |
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Globally, distant metastases were reported to be responsible for a large proportion of breast cancer-related deaths. The metastasis-associated colon cancer-1 (MACC1) gene was reported as a reliable biomarker for early detection of metastasis and prediction of prognosis of breast cancer. This study investigated the prognostic significance of MACC1 in breast cancer in relation to the clinicopathologic characteristics and patients' survival. Furthermore, the possible correlation between MACC1 expression and the different immune cells in the tumor microenvironment was explored. MACC1 mRNA was identified using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 120 breast cancer specimens and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. MACC1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the cancerous relative to the non-cancerous tissues (p < 0.001). High MACC1 expression was significantly associated with poor prognostic parameters, such as larger tumor size, grade III tumors, positive nodal metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, stage III tumors, and elevated Ki-67 expression. Higher MACC1 mRNA levels were positively correlated with CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages (r = 0.614, p < 0.001), and were negatively correlated with CD56+ natural killer cells (r = -0.398, p < 0.001) and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (r = -0.323, p < 0.001). MACC1 expression was associated with poor patient overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis suggested that MACC1 expression and the presence of lymphovascular invasion could be independent prognostic indicators for breast cancer (p = 0.015 and 0.042, respectively). In conclusion, MACC1 is highly expressed in cancerous tissues and is significantly related to poor prognostic factors, overall survival, and progression-free survival. MACC1 may influence infiltration of the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, enhance immune escape of tumor cells, and may serve as a reliable independent prognostic factor for breast cancer.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1010-660X</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1648-9144</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1648-9144</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/medicina57090934</identifier><identifier>PMID: 34577857</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>BASEL: Mdpi</publisher><subject>Angiogenesis ; Antigens ; Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics ; Breast cancer ; Breast Neoplasms - genetics ; Cancer therapies ; CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages ; CD56+ natural killer cells ; CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes ; Chemotherapy ; Clinical outcomes ; Cloning ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colorectal cancer ; Cytokines ; Cytotoxicity ; Female ; Gene expression ; General & Internal Medicine ; Growth factors ; Humans ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; Lymphocytes ; Mastectomy ; Medical prognosis ; Medicine, General & Internal ; Metastasis ; metastasis-associated colon cancer-1 ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Pathology ; Prognosis ; Radiation therapy ; Science & Technology ; Software ; Statistical analysis ; Trans-Activators ; Transcription Factors - genetics ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Tumors</subject><ispartof>Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2021-09, Vol.57 (9), p.934, Article 934</ispartof><rights>2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2021 by the authors. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>4</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000699752000001</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c490t-cb9c35e8251af47a13e081e5643d5b2374949e6f4e88d56e73cbbb76a7b3c6373</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c490t-cb9c35e8251af47a13e081e5643d5b2374949e6f4e88d56e73cbbb76a7b3c6373</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5458-3422 ; 0000-0002-5101-8011 ; 0000-0003-3419-0618 ; 0000-0001-6655-5314 ; 0000-0002-6500-8156</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8466860/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8466860/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,729,782,786,866,887,2104,2116,27931,27932,39265,53798,53800</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34577857$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ali, Dina A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>El-Guindy, Dina M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Elrashidy, Mohamed A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sabry, Nesreen M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kabel, Ahmed M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gaber, Rasha A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ibrahim, Rowida R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Samy, Sara M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shalaby, Marwa M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salama, Samir A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdelhai, Dina</creatorcontrib><title>The Prognostic Significance of MACC1 Expression in Breast Cancer and Its Relationship to Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment and Patient Survival</title><title>Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)</title><addtitle>MEDICINA-LITHUANIA</addtitle><addtitle>Medicina (Kaunas)</addtitle><description>Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies among females worldwide. Globally, distant metastases were reported to be responsible for a large proportion of breast cancer-related deaths. The metastasis-associated colon cancer-1 (MACC1) gene was reported as a reliable biomarker for early detection of metastasis and prediction of prognosis of breast cancer. This study investigated the prognostic significance of MACC1 in breast cancer in relation to the clinicopathologic characteristics and patients' survival. Furthermore, the possible correlation between MACC1 expression and the different immune cells in the tumor microenvironment was explored. MACC1 mRNA was identified using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 120 breast cancer specimens and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. MACC1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the cancerous relative to the non-cancerous tissues (p < 0.001). High MACC1 expression was significantly associated with poor prognostic parameters, such as larger tumor size, grade III tumors, positive nodal metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, stage III tumors, and elevated Ki-67 expression. Higher MACC1 mRNA levels were positively correlated with CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages (r = 0.614, p < 0.001), and were negatively correlated with CD56+ natural killer cells (r = -0.398, p < 0.001) and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (r = -0.323, p < 0.001). MACC1 expression was associated with poor patient overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis suggested that MACC1 expression and the presence of lymphovascular invasion could be independent prognostic indicators for breast cancer (p = 0.015 and 0.042, respectively). In conclusion, MACC1 is highly expressed in cancerous tissues and is significantly related to poor prognostic factors, overall survival, and progression-free survival. MACC1 may influence infiltration of the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, enhance immune escape of tumor cells, and may serve as a reliable independent prognostic factor for breast cancer.</description><subject>Angiogenesis</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics</subject><subject>Breast cancer</subject><subject>Breast Neoplasms - genetics</subject><subject>Cancer therapies</subject><subject>CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages</subject><subject>CD56+ natural killer cells</subject><subject>CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes</subject><subject>Chemotherapy</subject><subject>Clinical outcomes</subject><subject>Cloning</subject><subject>Colon</subject><subject>Colonic Neoplasms</subject><subject>Colorectal cancer</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>General & Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Growth factors</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</subject><subject>Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Mastectomy</subject><subject>Medical prognosis</subject><subject>Medicine, General & Internal</subject><subject>Metastasis</subject><subject>metastasis-associated colon cancer-1</subject><subject>Monoclonal antibodies</subject><subject>Pathology</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Radiation therapy</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Software</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Trans-Activators</subject><subject>Transcription Factors - 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Globally, distant metastases were reported to be responsible for a large proportion of breast cancer-related deaths. The metastasis-associated colon cancer-1 (MACC1) gene was reported as a reliable biomarker for early detection of metastasis and prediction of prognosis of breast cancer. This study investigated the prognostic significance of MACC1 in breast cancer in relation to the clinicopathologic characteristics and patients' survival. Furthermore, the possible correlation between MACC1 expression and the different immune cells in the tumor microenvironment was explored. MACC1 mRNA was identified using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 120 breast cancer specimens and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. MACC1 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the cancerous relative to the non-cancerous tissues (p < 0.001). High MACC1 expression was significantly associated with poor prognostic parameters, such as larger tumor size, grade III tumors, positive nodal metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, stage III tumors, and elevated Ki-67 expression. Higher MACC1 mRNA levels were positively correlated with CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages (r = 0.614, p < 0.001), and were negatively correlated with CD56+ natural killer cells (r = -0.398, p < 0.001) and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (r = -0.323, p < 0.001). MACC1 expression was associated with poor patient overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis suggested that MACC1 expression and the presence of lymphovascular invasion could be independent prognostic indicators for breast cancer (p = 0.015 and 0.042, respectively). In conclusion, MACC1 is highly expressed in cancerous tissues and is significantly related to poor prognostic factors, overall survival, and progression-free survival. MACC1 may influence infiltration of the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, enhance immune escape of tumor cells, and may serve as a reliable independent prognostic factor for breast cancer.</abstract><cop>BASEL</cop><pub>Mdpi</pub><pmid>34577857</pmid><doi>10.3390/medicina57090934</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5458-3422</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5101-8011</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3419-0618</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6655-5314</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6500-8156</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2021-09, Vol.57 (9), p.934, Article 934 |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 1648-9144 |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2021<img src="https://exlibris-pub.s3.amazonaws.com/fromwos-v2.jpg" />; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Angiogenesis Antigens Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics Breast cancer Breast Neoplasms - genetics Cancer therapies CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages CD56+ natural killer cells CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes Chemotherapy Clinical outcomes Cloning Colon Colonic Neoplasms Colorectal cancer Cytokines Cytotoxicity Female Gene expression General & Internal Medicine Growth factors Humans Life Sciences & Biomedicine Lymphocytes Mastectomy Medical prognosis Medicine, General & Internal Metastasis metastasis-associated colon cancer-1 Monoclonal antibodies Pathology Prognosis Radiation therapy Science & Technology Software Statistical analysis Trans-Activators Transcription Factors - genetics Tumor Microenvironment Tumors |
| title | The Prognostic Significance of MACC1 Expression in Breast Cancer and Its Relationship to Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment and Patient Survival |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-05T04%3A12%3A44IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20Prognostic%20Significance%20of%20MACC1%20Expression%20in%20Breast%20Cancer%20and%20Its%20Relationship%20to%20Immune%20Cells%20in%20the%20Tumor%20Microenvironment%20and%20Patient%20Survival&rft.jtitle=Medicina%20(Kaunas,%20Lithuania)&rft.au=Ali,%20Dina%20A.&rft.date=2021-09-05&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=934&rft.pages=934-&rft.artnum=934&rft.issn=1010-660X&rft.eissn=1648-9144&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390/medicina57090934&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2576453086%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2576453086&rft_id=info:pmid/34577857&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_bab9413b96fc47f6970528e3a19b691a&rfr_iscdi=true |