The Inhibitory Effects of Ficin on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation
To investigate the effects of ficin on biofilm formation of conditionally cariogenic Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Biomass and metabolic activity of biofilm were assessed using crystal violet assay, colony-forming unit (CFU) counting, and MTT assay. Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis w...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | BioMed research international 2021, Vol.2021, p.6692328-11, Article 6692328 |
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| creator | Sun, Yan Jiang, Wentao Zhang, Mingzheng Zhang, Lingjun Shen, Yan Huang, Shengbin Li, Mingyun Qiu, Wei Pan, Yihuai Zhou, Liang Zhang, Keke |
| description | To investigate the effects of ficin on biofilm formation of conditionally cariogenic Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Biomass and metabolic activity of biofilm were assessed using crystal violet assay, colony-forming unit (CFU) counting, and MTT assay. Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis was displayed by SEM imaging, bacteria/EPS staining, and anthrone method while acid production was revealed by lactic acid assay. Growth curve and live/dead bacterial staining were conducted to monitor bacterial growth state in both planktonic and biofilm form. Total protein and extracellular proteins of S. mutans biofilm were analyzed by protein/bacterial staining and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), severally. qRT-PCR was conducted to detect acid production, acid tolerance, and biofilm formation associated genes. Crystal violet assay, CFU counting, and MTT assay showed that the suppression effect of ficin on S. mutans biofilm formation was concentration dependent. 4 mg/mL ficin had significant inhibitory effect on S. mutans biofilm formation including biomass, metabolic activity, EPS synthesis, and lactic acid production (p0.05). Protein/bacterial staining outcome indicated that ficin inhibit both total protein and biofilm formation during the biofilm development. There were more relatively small molecular weight protein bands in extracellular proteins of 4 mg/mL ficin group when compared with the control. Generally, ficin could inhibit biofilm formation and reduce cariogenic virulence of S. mutans effectively in vitro; thus, it could be a potential anticaries agent. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2021/6692328 |
| format | Article |
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Biomass and metabolic activity of biofilm were assessed using crystal violet assay, colony-forming unit (CFU) counting, and MTT assay. Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis was displayed by SEM imaging, bacteria/EPS staining, and anthrone method while acid production was revealed by lactic acid assay. Growth curve and live/dead bacterial staining were conducted to monitor bacterial growth state in both planktonic and biofilm form. Total protein and extracellular proteins of S. mutans biofilm were analyzed by protein/bacterial staining and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), severally. qRT-PCR was conducted to detect acid production, acid tolerance, and biofilm formation associated genes. Crystal violet assay, CFU counting, and MTT assay showed that the suppression effect of ficin on S. mutans biofilm formation was concentration dependent. 4 mg/mL ficin had significant inhibitory effect on S. mutans biofilm formation including biomass, metabolic activity, EPS synthesis, and lactic acid production (p<0.05). The growth curves from 0 mg/mL to 4 mg/mL ficin were aligned with each other. There was no significant difference among different ficin groups in terms of live/dead bacterial staining result (p>0.05). Protein/bacterial staining outcome indicated that ficin inhibit both total protein and biofilm formation during the biofilm development. There were more relatively small molecular weight protein bands in extracellular proteins of 4 mg/mL ficin group when compared with the control. Generally, ficin could inhibit biofilm formation and reduce cariogenic virulence of S. mutans effectively in vitro; thus, it could be a potential anticaries agent.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2314-6133</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2314-6141</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2021/6692328</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33860052</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>LONDON: Hindawi</publisher><subject>Acid production ; Acids ; Antibacterial agents ; Antibiotics ; Antimicrobial agents ; Assaying ; Bacteria ; Biofilms ; Biomass ; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology ; Chemical properties ; Control ; Dental caries ; Dental research ; Dilution ; Electrophoresis ; Enzymes ; Gel electrophoresis ; Genetic aspects ; Growth curves ; Health aspects ; Identification and classification ; Lactic acid ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; Medicine, Research & Experimental ; Metabolism ; Microbial mats ; Molecular weight ; Physiological aspects ; Polyacrylamide ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Polysaccharides ; Prevention ; Properties ; Proteases ; Proteins ; Research & Experimental Medicine ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Science & Technology ; Sodium dodecyl sulfate ; Sodium lauryl sulfate ; Staining ; Streptococcus infections ; Streptococcus mutans ; Synthesis ; Virulence</subject><ispartof>BioMed research international, 2021, Vol.2021, p.6692328-11, Article 6692328</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2021 Yan Sun et al.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Yan Sun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Yan Sun et al. 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>23</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000664248100004</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c504t-7fbc6483bbfc695233efc76bd8ae638637f8a4656c6ca5dcd3815127393528953</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c504t-7fbc6483bbfc695233efc76bd8ae638637f8a4656c6ca5dcd3815127393528953</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5904-6765 ; 0000-0001-6162-4165 ; 0000-0002-5755-7059 ; 0000-0002-3974-1645 ; 0000-0003-1650-2622</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8009705/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8009705/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,886,4025,27928,27929,27930,39263,53796,53798</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33860052$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Dias, Fernando José</contributor><contributor>Fernando José Dias</contributor><creatorcontrib>Sun, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Wentao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Mingzheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Lingjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shen, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Shengbin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Mingyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qiu, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Yihuai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Liang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Keke</creatorcontrib><title>The Inhibitory Effects of Ficin on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation</title><title>BioMed research international</title><addtitle>BIOMED RES INT</addtitle><addtitle>Biomed Res Int</addtitle><description>To investigate the effects of ficin on biofilm formation of conditionally cariogenic Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Biomass and metabolic activity of biofilm were assessed using crystal violet assay, colony-forming unit (CFU) counting, and MTT assay. Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis was displayed by SEM imaging, bacteria/EPS staining, and anthrone method while acid production was revealed by lactic acid assay. Growth curve and live/dead bacterial staining were conducted to monitor bacterial growth state in both planktonic and biofilm form. Total protein and extracellular proteins of S. mutans biofilm were analyzed by protein/bacterial staining and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), severally. qRT-PCR was conducted to detect acid production, acid tolerance, and biofilm formation associated genes. Crystal violet assay, CFU counting, and MTT assay showed that the suppression effect of ficin on S. mutans biofilm formation was concentration dependent. 4 mg/mL ficin had significant inhibitory effect on S. mutans biofilm formation including biomass, metabolic activity, EPS synthesis, and lactic acid production (p<0.05). The growth curves from 0 mg/mL to 4 mg/mL ficin were aligned with each other. There was no significant difference among different ficin groups in terms of live/dead bacterial staining result (p>0.05). Protein/bacterial staining outcome indicated that ficin inhibit both total protein and biofilm formation during the biofilm development. There were more relatively small molecular weight protein bands in extracellular proteins of 4 mg/mL ficin group when compared with the control. Generally, ficin could inhibit biofilm formation and reduce cariogenic virulence of S. mutans effectively in vitro; thus, it could be a potential anticaries agent.</description><subject>Acid production</subject><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Antibacterial agents</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Antimicrobial agents</subject><subject>Assaying</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Biofilms</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology</subject><subject>Chemical properties</subject><subject>Control</subject><subject>Dental caries</subject><subject>Dental research</subject><subject>Dilution</subject><subject>Electrophoresis</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Gel electrophoresis</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Growth curves</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Identification and classification</subject><subject>Lactic acid</subject><subject>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</subject><subject>Medicine, Research & Experimental</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Microbial mats</subject><subject>Molecular weight</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Polyacrylamide</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Polysaccharides</subject><subject>Prevention</subject><subject>Properties</subject><subject>Proteases</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Research & Experimental Medicine</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Sodium dodecyl sulfate</subject><subject>Sodium lauryl sulfate</subject><subject>Staining</subject><subject>Streptococcus infections</subject><subject>Streptococcus mutans</subject><subject>Synthesis</subject><subject>Virulence</subject><issn>2314-6133</issn><issn>2314-6141</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RHX</sourceid><sourceid>HGBXW</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNks9rFDEUxwdRbKm9eZYBL4Jdm59vkotQl64uFDxYzyGTSbopM8maZCz9753prlv1UMwlgffh-74v31dVrzH6gDHn5wQRfA4gCSXiWXVMKGYLwAw_P7wpPapOc75F0xEYkISX1RGlAhDi5LhaX29svQ4b3_oS03196Zw1JdfR1StvfKhjqL-VZLclmmjMmOthLDrk-pOPzvdDvYpp0MXH8Kp64XSf7en-Pqm-ry6vl18WV18_r5cXVwvDESuLxrUGmKBt6wxITii1zjTQdkJbmGzRxgnNgIMBo3lnOiowx6ShknIiJKcn1ced7nZsB9sZG0rSvdomP-h0r6L26u9K8Bt1E38qgZBs0Czwbi-Q4o_R5qIGn43tex1sHLMiHDMuAWM2oW__QW_jmMI03kQhQYCTBj9SN7q3ygcXp75mFlUXIEFKgoA9TQlGuGxkM1FnO8qkmHOy7jAYRmqOXM2Rq33kE_7mz884wL8DnoD3O-DOttFl420w9oBNOwHACBN4Xo_Zo_h_eunLQ_DLOIby2GjjQ6fv_NO-fwGxkdCH</recordid><startdate>2021</startdate><enddate>2021</enddate><creator>Sun, 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Inhibitory Effects of Ficin on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation</title><author>Sun, Yan ; Jiang, Wentao ; Zhang, Mingzheng ; Zhang, Lingjun ; Shen, Yan ; Huang, Shengbin ; Li, Mingyun ; Qiu, Wei ; Pan, Yihuai ; Zhou, Liang ; Zhang, Keke</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c504t-7fbc6483bbfc695233efc76bd8ae638637f8a4656c6ca5dcd3815127393528953</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Acid production</topic><topic>Acids</topic><topic>Antibacterial agents</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Antimicrobial agents</topic><topic>Assaying</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Biofilms</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology</topic><topic>Chemical properties</topic><topic>Control</topic><topic>Dental caries</topic><topic>Dental research</topic><topic>Dilution</topic><topic>Electrophoresis</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>Gel electrophoresis</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Growth curves</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Identification and classification</topic><topic>Lactic acid</topic><topic>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</topic><topic>Medicine, Research & Experimental</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Microbial mats</topic><topic>Molecular weight</topic><topic>Physiological aspects</topic><topic>Polyacrylamide</topic><topic>Polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>Polysaccharides</topic><topic>Prevention</topic><topic>Properties</topic><topic>Proteases</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Research & Experimental Medicine</topic><topic>Scanning electron microscopy</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>Sodium dodecyl sulfate</topic><topic>Sodium lauryl sulfate</topic><topic>Staining</topic><topic>Streptococcus infections</topic><topic>Streptococcus 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Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>BioMed research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sun, Yan</au><au>Jiang, Wentao</au><au>Zhang, Mingzheng</au><au>Zhang, Lingjun</au><au>Shen, Yan</au><au>Huang, Shengbin</au><au>Li, Mingyun</au><au>Qiu, Wei</au><au>Pan, Yihuai</au><au>Zhou, Liang</au><au>Zhang, Keke</au><au>Dias, Fernando José</au><au>Fernando José Dias</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Inhibitory Effects of Ficin on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation</atitle><jtitle>BioMed research international</jtitle><stitle>BIOMED RES INT</stitle><addtitle>Biomed Res Int</addtitle><date>2021</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>2021</volume><spage>6692328</spage><epage>11</epage><pages>6692328-11</pages><artnum>6692328</artnum><issn>2314-6133</issn><eissn>2314-6141</eissn><abstract>To investigate the effects of ficin on biofilm formation of conditionally cariogenic Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Biomass and metabolic activity of biofilm were assessed using crystal violet assay, colony-forming unit (CFU) counting, and MTT assay. Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis was displayed by SEM imaging, bacteria/EPS staining, and anthrone method while acid production was revealed by lactic acid assay. Growth curve and live/dead bacterial staining were conducted to monitor bacterial growth state in both planktonic and biofilm form. Total protein and extracellular proteins of S. mutans biofilm were analyzed by protein/bacterial staining and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), severally. qRT-PCR was conducted to detect acid production, acid tolerance, and biofilm formation associated genes. Crystal violet assay, CFU counting, and MTT assay showed that the suppression effect of ficin on S. mutans biofilm formation was concentration dependent. 4 mg/mL ficin had significant inhibitory effect on S. mutans biofilm formation including biomass, metabolic activity, EPS synthesis, and lactic acid production (p<0.05). The growth curves from 0 mg/mL to 4 mg/mL ficin were aligned with each other. There was no significant difference among different ficin groups in terms of live/dead bacterial staining result (p>0.05). Protein/bacterial staining outcome indicated that ficin inhibit both total protein and biofilm formation during the biofilm development. There were more relatively small molecular weight protein bands in extracellular proteins of 4 mg/mL ficin group when compared with the control. Generally, ficin could inhibit biofilm formation and reduce cariogenic virulence of S. mutans effectively in vitro; thus, it could be a potential anticaries agent.</abstract><cop>LONDON</cop><pub>Hindawi</pub><pmid>33860052</pmid><doi>10.1155/2021/6692328</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5904-6765</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6162-4165</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5755-7059</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3974-1645</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1650-2622</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | PubMed Central Open Access; Wiley-Blackwell Open Access Titles; Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2021<img src="https://exlibris-pub.s3.amazonaws.com/fromwos-v2.jpg" />; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Acid production Acids Antibacterial agents Antibiotics Antimicrobial agents Assaying Bacteria Biofilms Biomass Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology Chemical properties Control Dental caries Dental research Dilution Electrophoresis Enzymes Gel electrophoresis Genetic aspects Growth curves Health aspects Identification and classification Lactic acid Life Sciences & Biomedicine Medicine, Research & Experimental Metabolism Microbial mats Molecular weight Physiological aspects Polyacrylamide Polymerase chain reaction Polysaccharides Prevention Properties Proteases Proteins Research & Experimental Medicine Scanning electron microscopy Science & Technology Sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium lauryl sulfate Staining Streptococcus infections Streptococcus mutans Synthesis Virulence |
| title | The Inhibitory Effects of Ficin on Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-15T14%3A29%3A50IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20Inhibitory%20Effects%20of%20Ficin%20on%20Streptococcus%20mutans%20Biofilm%20Formation&rft.jtitle=BioMed%20research%20international&rft.au=Sun,%20Yan&rft.date=2021&rft.volume=2021&rft.spage=6692328&rft.epage=11&rft.pages=6692328-11&rft.artnum=6692328&rft.issn=2314-6133&rft.eissn=2314-6141&rft_id=info:doi/10.1155/2021/6692328&rft_dat=%3Cgale_pubme%3EA696992064%3C/gale_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2508265271&rft_id=info:pmid/33860052&rft_galeid=A696992064&rfr_iscdi=true |