Prognostic factors in Spanish COVID-19 patients: A case series from Barcelona
Background In addition to the lack of COVID-19 diagnostic tests for the whole Spanish population, the current strategy is to identify the disease early to limit contagion in the community. Aim To determine clinical factors of a poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19 infection. Design and setting D...
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| creator | Siso-Almirall, Antoni Kostov, Belchin Mas-Heredia, Minerva Vilanova-Rotllan, Sergi Sequeira-Aymar, Ethel Sans-Corrales, Mireia Sant-Arderiu, Elisenda Cayuelas-Redondo, Laia Martinez-Perez, Angela Garcia-Plana, Noemi Anguita-Guimet, August Benavent-Areu, Jaume |
| description | Background In addition to the lack of COVID-19 diagnostic tests for the whole Spanish population, the current strategy is to identify the disease early to limit contagion in the community. Aim To determine clinical factors of a poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19 infection. Design and setting Descriptive, observational, retrospective study in three primary healthcare centres with an assigned population of 100,000. Method Examination of the medical records of patients with COVID-19 infections confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Logistic multivariate regression models adjusted for age and sex were constructed to analyse independent predictive factors associated with death, ICU admission and hospitalization. Results We included 322 patients (mean age 56.7 years, 50% female, 115 (35.7%) aged >= 65 years): 123 (38.2) were health workers (doctors, nurses, auxiliaries). Predictors of ICU admission or death were greater age (OR = 1.05; 95%CI = 1.03 to 1.07), male sex (OR = 2.94; 95%CI = 1.55 to 5.82), autoimmune disease (OR = 2.82; 95%CI = 1.00 to 7.84), bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (OR = 2.86; 95%CI = 1.41 to 6.13), elevated lactate-dehydrogenase (OR = 2.85; 95%CI = 1.28 to 6.90), elevated D-dimer (OR = 2.85; 95%CI = 1.22 to 6.98) and elevated C-reactive protein (OR = 2.38; 95%CI = 1.22 to 4.68). Myalgia or arthralgia (OR = 0.31; 95%CI = 0.12 to 0.70) was protective factor against ICU admission and death. Predictors of hospitalization were chills (OR = 5.66; 95%CI = 1.68 to 23.49), fever (OR = 3.33; 95%CI = 1.89 to 5.96), dyspnoea (OR = 2.92; 95%CI = 1.62 to 5.42), depression (OR = 6.06; 95%CI = 1.54 to 40.42), lymphopenia (OR = 3.48; 95%CI = 1.67 to 7.40) and elevated C-reactive protein (OR = 3.27; 95%CI = 1.59 to 7.18). Anosmia (OR = 0.42; 95%CI = 0.19 to 0.90) was the only significant protective factor for hospitalization after adjusting for age and sex. Conclusion Determining the clinical, biological and radiological characteristics of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection will be key to early treatment and isolation and the tracing of contacts. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0237960 |
| format | Article |
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Aim To determine clinical factors of a poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19 infection. Design and setting Descriptive, observational, retrospective study in three primary healthcare centres with an assigned population of 100,000. Method Examination of the medical records of patients with COVID-19 infections confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Logistic multivariate regression models adjusted for age and sex were constructed to analyse independent predictive factors associated with death, ICU admission and hospitalization. Results We included 322 patients (mean age 56.7 years, 50% female, 115 (35.7%) aged >= 65 years): 123 (38.2) were health workers (doctors, nurses, auxiliaries). Predictors of ICU admission or death were greater age (OR = 1.05; 95%CI = 1.03 to 1.07), male sex (OR = 2.94; 95%CI = 1.55 to 5.82), autoimmune disease (OR = 2.82; 95%CI = 1.00 to 7.84), bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (OR = 2.86; 95%CI = 1.41 to 6.13), elevated lactate-dehydrogenase (OR = 2.85; 95%CI = 1.28 to 6.90), elevated D-dimer (OR = 2.85; 95%CI = 1.22 to 6.98) and elevated C-reactive protein (OR = 2.38; 95%CI = 1.22 to 4.68). Myalgia or arthralgia (OR = 0.31; 95%CI = 0.12 to 0.70) was protective factor against ICU admission and death. Predictors of hospitalization were chills (OR = 5.66; 95%CI = 1.68 to 23.49), fever (OR = 3.33; 95%CI = 1.89 to 5.96), dyspnoea (OR = 2.92; 95%CI = 1.62 to 5.42), depression (OR = 6.06; 95%CI = 1.54 to 40.42), lymphopenia (OR = 3.48; 95%CI = 1.67 to 7.40) and elevated C-reactive protein (OR = 3.27; 95%CI = 1.59 to 7.18). Anosmia (OR = 0.42; 95%CI = 0.19 to 0.90) was the only significant protective factor for hospitalization after adjusting for age and sex. Conclusion Determining the clinical, biological and radiological characteristics of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection will be key to early treatment and isolation and the tracing of contacts.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237960</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32822413</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>SAN FRANCISCO: Public Library Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Age ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anosmia ; Arthralgia ; Autoimmune diseases ; Betacoronavirus - genetics ; Biology and Life Sciences ; C-reactive protein ; Chills ; Chronology ; Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections - mortality ; Coronavirus Infections - virology ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; Death ; Diagnostic systems ; Dimers ; Disease transmission ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Fever ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Infections ; Intensive Care Units ; Lactic acid ; Lymphopenia ; Male ; Medical personnel ; Medical prognosis ; Medical records ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Multidisciplinary Sciences ; Myalgia ; Olfaction disorders ; Oxygen saturation ; Pandemics ; Patients ; Physicians ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Viral - diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral - mortality ; Pneumonia, Viral - virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Population ; Primary care ; Prognosis ; Protective Factors ; Proteins ; Regression analysis ; Regression models ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Respiration ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Science & Technology ; Science & Technology - Other Topics ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Sex ; Sex Factors ; Spain - epidemiology ; Statistical analysis ; Studies ; Supervision ; Viral diseases ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-08, Vol.15 (8), p.e0237960-e0237960, Article 0237960</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2020 Sisó-Almirall et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 Sisó-Almirall et al 2020 Sisó-Almirall et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>74</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000564080300070</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-13ca2a3a008eb999897cc6bce5a9296f35c86cb4449ac4be695a9557fe16e4a73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-13ca2a3a008eb999897cc6bce5a9296f35c86cb4449ac4be695a9557fe16e4a73</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7469-950X ; 0000-0002-2126-3892 ; 0000-0001-9832-2689</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7444503/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7444503/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,865,886,2103,2115,2929,23871,27929,27930,28253,53796,53798</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32822413$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Orueta, Juan F.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Siso-Almirall, Antoni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kostov, Belchin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mas-Heredia, Minerva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vilanova-Rotllan, Sergi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sequeira-Aymar, Ethel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sans-Corrales, Mireia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sant-Arderiu, Elisenda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cayuelas-Redondo, Laia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martinez-Perez, Angela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garcia-Plana, Noemi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anguita-Guimet, August</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benavent-Areu, Jaume</creatorcontrib><title>Prognostic factors in Spanish COVID-19 patients: A case series from Barcelona</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLOS ONE</addtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Background In addition to the lack of COVID-19 diagnostic tests for the whole Spanish population, the current strategy is to identify the disease early to limit contagion in the community. Aim To determine clinical factors of a poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19 infection. Design and setting Descriptive, observational, retrospective study in three primary healthcare centres with an assigned population of 100,000. Method Examination of the medical records of patients with COVID-19 infections confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Logistic multivariate regression models adjusted for age and sex were constructed to analyse independent predictive factors associated with death, ICU admission and hospitalization. Results We included 322 patients (mean age 56.7 years, 50% female, 115 (35.7%) aged >= 65 years): 123 (38.2) were health workers (doctors, nurses, auxiliaries). Predictors of ICU admission or death were greater age (OR = 1.05; 95%CI = 1.03 to 1.07), male sex (OR = 2.94; 95%CI = 1.55 to 5.82), autoimmune disease (OR = 2.82; 95%CI = 1.00 to 7.84), bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (OR = 2.86; 95%CI = 1.41 to 6.13), elevated lactate-dehydrogenase (OR = 2.85; 95%CI = 1.28 to 6.90), elevated D-dimer (OR = 2.85; 95%CI = 1.22 to 6.98) and elevated C-reactive protein (OR = 2.38; 95%CI = 1.22 to 4.68). Myalgia or arthralgia (OR = 0.31; 95%CI = 0.12 to 0.70) was protective factor against ICU admission and death. Predictors of hospitalization were chills (OR = 5.66; 95%CI = 1.68 to 23.49), fever (OR = 3.33; 95%CI = 1.89 to 5.96), dyspnoea (OR = 2.92; 95%CI = 1.62 to 5.42), depression (OR = 6.06; 95%CI = 1.54 to 40.42), lymphopenia (OR = 3.48; 95%CI = 1.67 to 7.40) and elevated C-reactive protein (OR = 3.27; 95%CI = 1.59 to 7.18). Anosmia (OR = 0.42; 95%CI = 0.19 to 0.90) was the only significant protective factor for hospitalization after adjusting for age and sex. Conclusion Determining the clinical, biological and radiological characteristics of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection will be key to early treatment and isolation and the tracing of contacts.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Anosmia</subject><subject>Arthralgia</subject><subject>Autoimmune diseases</subject><subject>Betacoronavirus - genetics</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>C-reactive protein</subject><subject>Chills</subject><subject>Chronology</subject><subject>Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis</subject><subject>Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Coronavirus Infections - mortality</subject><subject>Coronavirus Infections - virology</subject><subject>Coronaviruses</subject><subject>COVID-19</subject><subject>Death</subject><subject>Diagnostic systems</subject><subject>Dimers</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Dyspnea</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fever</subject><subject>Hospitalization</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Intensive Care Units</subject><subject>Lactic acid</subject><subject>Lymphopenia</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical personnel</subject><subject>Medical prognosis</subject><subject>Medical records</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Multidisciplinary Sciences</subject><subject>Myalgia</subject><subject>Olfaction disorders</subject><subject>Oxygen saturation</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Physicians</subject><subject>Pneumonia</subject><subject>Pneumonia, Viral - diagnosis</subject><subject>Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology</subject><subject>Pneumonia, Viral - mortality</subject><subject>Pneumonia, Viral - virology</subject><subject>Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Primary care</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Protective Factors</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Regression models</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Respiration</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>SARS-CoV-2</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Science & Technology - Other Topics</subject><subject>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</subject><subject>Sex</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Spain - epidemiology</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Supervision</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><subject>Young 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factors in Spanish COVID-19 patients: A case series from Barcelona</title><author>Siso-Almirall, Antoni ; Kostov, Belchin ; Mas-Heredia, Minerva ; Vilanova-Rotllan, Sergi ; Sequeira-Aymar, Ethel ; Sans-Corrales, Mireia ; Sant-Arderiu, Elisenda ; Cayuelas-Redondo, Laia ; Martinez-Perez, Angela ; Garcia-Plana, Noemi ; Anguita-Guimet, August ; Benavent-Areu, Jaume</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-13ca2a3a008eb999897cc6bce5a9296f35c86cb4449ac4be695a9557fe16e4a73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Anosmia</topic><topic>Arthralgia</topic><topic>Autoimmune diseases</topic><topic>Betacoronavirus - genetics</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>C-reactive protein</topic><topic>Chills</topic><topic>Chronology</topic><topic>Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis</topic><topic>Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Coronavirus Infections - mortality</topic><topic>Coronavirus Infections - virology</topic><topic>Coronaviruses</topic><topic>COVID-19</topic><topic>Death</topic><topic>Diagnostic systems</topic><topic>Dimers</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Dyspnea</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fever</topic><topic>Hospitalization</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Intensive Care Units</topic><topic>Lactic acid</topic><topic>Lymphopenia</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical personnel</topic><topic>Medical prognosis</topic><topic>Medical records</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Multidisciplinary Sciences</topic><topic>Myalgia</topic><topic>Olfaction disorders</topic><topic>Oxygen saturation</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Physicians</topic><topic>Pneumonia</topic><topic>Pneumonia, Viral - diagnosis</topic><topic>Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology</topic><topic>Pneumonia, Viral - mortality</topic><topic>Pneumonia, Viral - virology</topic><topic>Polymerase Chain Reaction</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Primary care</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Protective Factors</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Regression models</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Respiration</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>SARS-CoV-2</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>Science & Technology - Other Topics</topic><topic>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</topic><topic>Sex</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><topic>Spain - epidemiology</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Supervision</topic><topic>Viral diseases</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Siso-Almirall, Antoni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kostov, Belchin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mas-Heredia, Minerva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vilanova-Rotllan, Sergi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sequeira-Aymar, Ethel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sans-Corrales, Mireia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sant-Arderiu, Elisenda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cayuelas-Redondo, Laia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martinez-Perez, Angela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Garcia-Plana, Noemi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anguita-Guimet, August</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benavent-Areu, Jaume</creatorcontrib><collection>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2020</collection><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation 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Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest_Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database (Proquest)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database (1962 - 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(PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>https://resources.nclive.org/materials</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Biological Sciences</collection><collection>Agriculture Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Journals</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest advanced technologies & aerospace journals</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials science collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Siso-Almirall, Antoni</au><au>Kostov, Belchin</au><au>Mas-Heredia, Minerva</au><au>Vilanova-Rotllan, Sergi</au><au>Sequeira-Aymar, Ethel</au><au>Sans-Corrales, Mireia</au><au>Sant-Arderiu, Elisenda</au><au>Cayuelas-Redondo, Laia</au><au>Martinez-Perez, Angela</au><au>Garcia-Plana, Noemi</au><au>Anguita-Guimet, August</au><au>Benavent-Areu, Jaume</au><au>Orueta, Juan F.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prognostic factors in Spanish COVID-19 patients: A case series from Barcelona</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><stitle>PLOS ONE</stitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2020-08-21</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>e0237960</spage><epage>e0237960</epage><pages>e0237960-e0237960</pages><artnum>0237960</artnum><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Background In addition to the lack of COVID-19 diagnostic tests for the whole Spanish population, the current strategy is to identify the disease early to limit contagion in the community. Aim To determine clinical factors of a poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19 infection. Design and setting Descriptive, observational, retrospective study in three primary healthcare centres with an assigned population of 100,000. Method Examination of the medical records of patients with COVID-19 infections confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Logistic multivariate regression models adjusted for age and sex were constructed to analyse independent predictive factors associated with death, ICU admission and hospitalization. Results We included 322 patients (mean age 56.7 years, 50% female, 115 (35.7%) aged >= 65 years): 123 (38.2) were health workers (doctors, nurses, auxiliaries). Predictors of ICU admission or death were greater age (OR = 1.05; 95%CI = 1.03 to 1.07), male sex (OR = 2.94; 95%CI = 1.55 to 5.82), autoimmune disease (OR = 2.82; 95%CI = 1.00 to 7.84), bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (OR = 2.86; 95%CI = 1.41 to 6.13), elevated lactate-dehydrogenase (OR = 2.85; 95%CI = 1.28 to 6.90), elevated D-dimer (OR = 2.85; 95%CI = 1.22 to 6.98) and elevated C-reactive protein (OR = 2.38; 95%CI = 1.22 to 4.68). Myalgia or arthralgia (OR = 0.31; 95%CI = 0.12 to 0.70) was protective factor against ICU admission and death. Predictors of hospitalization were chills (OR = 5.66; 95%CI = 1.68 to 23.49), fever (OR = 3.33; 95%CI = 1.89 to 5.96), dyspnoea (OR = 2.92; 95%CI = 1.62 to 5.42), depression (OR = 6.06; 95%CI = 1.54 to 40.42), lymphopenia (OR = 3.48; 95%CI = 1.67 to 7.40) and elevated C-reactive protein (OR = 3.27; 95%CI = 1.59 to 7.18). Anosmia (OR = 0.42; 95%CI = 0.19 to 0.90) was the only significant protective factor for hospitalization after adjusting for age and sex. Conclusion Determining the clinical, biological and radiological characteristics of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection will be key to early treatment and isolation and the tracing of contacts.</abstract><cop>SAN FRANCISCO</cop><pub>Public Library Science</pub><pmid>32822413</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0237960</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7469-950X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2126-3892</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9832-2689</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2020-08, Vol.15 (8), p.e0237960-e0237960, Article 0237960 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmed_primary_32822413 |
| source | MEDLINE; Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; PubMed (Medline); Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2020<img src="https://exlibris-pub.s3.amazonaws.com/fromwos-v2.jpg" />; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; EZB Electronic Journals Library |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Age Age Factors Aged Aged, 80 and over Anosmia Arthralgia Autoimmune diseases Betacoronavirus - genetics Biology and Life Sciences C-reactive protein Chills Chronology Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology Coronavirus Infections - mortality Coronavirus Infections - virology Coronaviruses COVID-19 Death Diagnostic systems Dimers Disease transmission Dyspnea Female Fever Hospitalization Hospitals Humans Infections Intensive Care Units Lactic acid Lymphopenia Male Medical personnel Medical prognosis Medical records Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Mortality Multidisciplinary Sciences Myalgia Olfaction disorders Oxygen saturation Pandemics Patients Physicians Pneumonia Pneumonia, Viral - diagnosis Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology Pneumonia, Viral - mortality Pneumonia, Viral - virology Polymerase Chain Reaction Population Primary care Prognosis Protective Factors Proteins Regression analysis Regression models Research and Analysis Methods Respiration Retrospective Studies Risk Factors SARS-CoV-2 Science & Technology Science & Technology - Other Topics Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Sex Sex Factors Spain - epidemiology Statistical analysis Studies Supervision Viral diseases Young Adult |
| title | Prognostic factors in Spanish COVID-19 patients: A case series from Barcelona |
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