Effect of bivalirudin on neointimal hyperplasia and endothelial proliferation in rabbit

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of bivalirudin on endothelial cell proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia in a rabbit carotid artery model. Methods “New Zealand rabbits ( n = 12)” weighing 2–3 kg were randomly divided into two groups. Arteriotomy was performed to the rabbit carotid artery and closed with continuous suture technique. Group B ( n = 6) as a control group received 150 U/kg heparin sodium; however, group A ( n = 6) was given 0.75 mg/kg bivalirudin i.v. bolus and infusion 1.75 mg/kg/hour (B01AE06-Bivalirudin 250 mg) during perioperation period. At the end of the 28th day, the carotid artery segment was excised and evaluated histologically. Results All histological and immune staining analyzes were performed by two blind researchers in the treatment of rabbits. In the control group rabbit carotid artery sections, tunica intima was observed to thicken. In the bivalirudin group, intimal hyperplasia was less observed compared to the control group. No significant difference was observed between groups in tunica media thickness. Lumen diameter and lumen area were found to be wider in the experimental group. P value was found to be less than 0.05. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that bivalirudin significantly affects and prevents neointimal hyperplasia and endothelial cell proliferation.