Vaginal compared with intramuscular progestogen for preventing preterm birth in high‐risk pregnant women (VICTORIA study): a multicentre, open‐label randomised trial and meta‐analysis
Objective To compare the efficacy of two types of progestogen therapy for preventing preterm birth (PTB) and to review the relevant literature. Design A multicentre, randomised, open‐label, equivalence trial and a meta‐analysis. Setting Tertiary referral hospitals in South Korea. Population Pregnant...
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creator | Choi, S‐J Kwak, DW Kil, K Kim, S‐C Kwon, J‐Y Kim, YH Na, S Bae, J‐G Cha, H‐H Shim, J‐Y Oh, KY Lee, KA Kim, SM Cho, IA Lee, SM Cho, GJ Jo, YS Choi, GY Choi, SK Hur, SE Hwang, HS Kim, YJ |
description | Objective
To compare the efficacy of two types of progestogen therapy for preventing preterm birth (PTB) and to review the relevant literature.
Design
A multicentre, randomised, open‐label, equivalence trial and a meta‐analysis.
Setting
Tertiary referral hospitals in South Korea.
Population
Pregnant women with a history of spontaneous PTB or short cervical length ( |
doi_str_mv | 10.1111/1471-0528.16365 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmed_primary_32536019</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2458496361</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3715-f15c71f2b059128a64e7cd12e921b392340b5606676d1a840f8da3863eae664e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkc1u1DAUhSMEoqWwZocssSmCtP5JnIRdifgZVGkkVLqNnOQm45LYg-0wmh2PwAvxMjwJNzPDLNiAF_a1_Z2rY58oesroBcNxyZKMxTTl-QWTQqb3otPjyf1dTWMqeH4SPfL-jlImORUPoxPBUyEpK06jn7eq10YNpLHjWjloyUaHFdEmODVOvpkG5cja2R58wMmQzs57-AYmaNPPZQA3klq7nYysdL_69f2H0_7LfNkbZQLZ2BGl57eL8mb5aXFFfJja7YvXRJFxGoJusJmDV8SuwaB2UDUMxCnT2lF7tBScRoe4JyMEhYRCx1uv_ePoQacGD08O61n0-d3bm_JDfL18vyivruNGZCyNO5Y2Get4TdOC8VzJBLKmZRwKzmpRcJHQOpVUyky2TOUJ7fJWiVwKUCARFmfR-b4v_sTXCb-iQmMNDIMyYCdf8YQllNJMZIg-_wu9s5NDvzOV5kmBOTGkLvdU46z3Drpq7fSo3LZitJqTreYcqznHapcsKp4d-k71CO2R_xMlAi_3wAZq2_lGg2ngiKG7NMkTLnKs6Gwg_3-61EEFbU1pJxNQmh6keoDtv4xXbz4u9y_4DcUP0yU</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2458496361</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Vaginal compared with intramuscular progestogen for preventing preterm birth in high‐risk pregnant women (VICTORIA study): a multicentre, open‐label randomised trial and meta‐analysis</title><source>Wiley-Blackwell Journals</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2020<img src="https://exlibris-pub.s3.amazonaws.com/fromwos-v2.jpg" /></source><creator>Choi, S‐J ; Kwak, DW ; Kil, K ; Kim, S‐C ; Kwon, J‐Y ; Kim, YH ; Na, S ; Bae, J‐G ; Cha, H‐H ; Shim, J‐Y ; Oh, KY ; Lee, KA ; Kim, SM ; Cho, IA ; Lee, SM ; Cho, GJ ; Jo, YS ; Choi, GY ; Choi, SK ; Hur, SE ; Hwang, HS ; Kim, YJ</creator><creatorcontrib>Choi, S‐J ; Kwak, DW ; Kil, K ; Kim, S‐C ; Kwon, J‐Y ; Kim, YH ; Na, S ; Bae, J‐G ; Cha, H‐H ; Shim, J‐Y ; Oh, KY ; Lee, KA ; Kim, SM ; Cho, IA ; Lee, SM ; Cho, GJ ; Jo, YS ; Choi, GY ; Choi, SK ; Hur, SE ; Hwang, HS ; Kim, YJ ; Korean Soc Maternal Fetal Med ; from The Preterm Birth Research Committee of the Korean Society of Maternal Fetal Medicine</creatorcontrib><description>Objective
To compare the efficacy of two types of progestogen therapy for preventing preterm birth (PTB) and to review the relevant literature.
Design
A multicentre, randomised, open‐label, equivalence trial and a meta‐analysis.
Setting
Tertiary referral hospitals in South Korea.
Population
Pregnant women with a history of spontaneous PTB or short cervical length (<25 mm).
Methods
Eligible women were screened and randomised at 16‒22 weeks of gestation to receive either 200 mg of vaginal micronised progesterone daily (vaginal group) or an intramuscular injection of 250 mg 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate weekly (IM group). Stratified randomisation was carried out according to participating centres and indications for progestogen therapy. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02304237).
Main outcome measure
Preterm birth (PTB) before 37 weeks of gestation.
Results
A total of 266 women were randomly assigned and a total of 247 women (119 and 128 women in the vaginal and IM groups, respectively) were available for the intention‐to‐treat analysis. Risks of PTB before 37 weeks of gestation did not significantly differ between the two groups (22.7 versus 25.8%, P = 0.571). The difference in PTB risk between the two groups was 3.1% (95% CI −7.6 to 13.8%), which was within the equivalence margin of 15%. The meta‐analysis results showed no significant differences in the risk of PTB between the vaginal and IM progestogen treatments.
Conclusion
Compared with vaginal progesterone, treatment with intramuscular progestin might increase the risk of PTB before 37 weeks of gestation by as much as 13.8%, or reduce the risk by as much as 7.6%, in women with a history of spontaneous PTB or with short cervical length.
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Vaginal and intramuscular progestogen showed equivalent efficacy for preventing preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation.
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Vaginal and intramuscular progestogen showed equivalent efficacy for preventing preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1470-0328</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1471-0528</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16365</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32536019</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>HOBOKEN: Wiley</publisher><subject>Administration, Intravaginal ; Adult ; Birth ; Female ; Gestation ; Humans ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Life Sciences & Biomedicine ; Meta-analysis ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Obstetrics & Gynecology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, High-Risk ; Premature birth ; Premature Birth - prevention & control ; Preterm birth ; prevention ; Progesterone ; Progestin ; Progestins - administration & dosage ; progestogen ; Science & Technology ; short cervical length ; Vagina ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2020-12, Vol.127 (13), p.1646-1654</ispartof><rights>2020 Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</rights><rights>2020 Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>5</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000548423800001</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3715-f15c71f2b059128a64e7cd12e921b392340b5606676d1a840f8da3863eae664e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3715-f15c71f2b059128a64e7cd12e921b392340b5606676d1a840f8da3863eae664e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3009-6325</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2F1471-0528.16365$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2F1471-0528.16365$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,782,786,1419,27933,27934,28257,45583,45584</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32536019$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Choi, S‐J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kwak, DW</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kil, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, S‐C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kwon, J‐Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, YH</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Na, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bae, J‐G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cha, H‐H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shim, J‐Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oh, KY</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, KA</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, SM</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cho, IA</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, SM</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cho, GJ</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jo, YS</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, GY</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, SK</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hur, SE</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hwang, HS</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, YJ</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Korean Soc Maternal Fetal Med</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>from The Preterm Birth Research Committee of the Korean Society of Maternal Fetal Medicine</creatorcontrib><title>Vaginal compared with intramuscular progestogen for preventing preterm birth in high‐risk pregnant women (VICTORIA study): a multicentre, open‐label randomised trial and meta‐analysis</title><title>BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology</title><addtitle>BJOG-INT J OBSTET GY</addtitle><addtitle>BJOG</addtitle><description>Objective
To compare the efficacy of two types of progestogen therapy for preventing preterm birth (PTB) and to review the relevant literature.
Design
A multicentre, randomised, open‐label, equivalence trial and a meta‐analysis.
Setting
Tertiary referral hospitals in South Korea.
Population
Pregnant women with a history of spontaneous PTB or short cervical length (<25 mm).
Methods
Eligible women were screened and randomised at 16‒22 weeks of gestation to receive either 200 mg of vaginal micronised progesterone daily (vaginal group) or an intramuscular injection of 250 mg 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate weekly (IM group). Stratified randomisation was carried out according to participating centres and indications for progestogen therapy. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02304237).
Main outcome measure
Preterm birth (PTB) before 37 weeks of gestation.
Results
A total of 266 women were randomly assigned and a total of 247 women (119 and 128 women in the vaginal and IM groups, respectively) were available for the intention‐to‐treat analysis. Risks of PTB before 37 weeks of gestation did not significantly differ between the two groups (22.7 versus 25.8%, P = 0.571). The difference in PTB risk between the two groups was 3.1% (95% CI −7.6 to 13.8%), which was within the equivalence margin of 15%. The meta‐analysis results showed no significant differences in the risk of PTB between the vaginal and IM progestogen treatments.
Conclusion
Compared with vaginal progesterone, treatment with intramuscular progestin might increase the risk of PTB before 37 weeks of gestation by as much as 13.8%, or reduce the risk by as much as 7.6%, in women with a history of spontaneous PTB or with short cervical length.
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Vaginal and intramuscular progestogen showed equivalent efficacy for preventing preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation.
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Vaginal and intramuscular progestogen showed equivalent efficacy for preventing preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation.</description><subject>Administration, Intravaginal</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Birth</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gestation</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Injections, Intramuscular</subject><subject>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</subject><subject>Meta-analysis</subject><subject>Meta-Analysis as Topic</subject><subject>Obstetrics & Gynecology</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Pregnancy, High-Risk</subject><subject>Premature birth</subject><subject>Premature Birth - prevention & control</subject><subject>Preterm birth</subject><subject>prevention</subject><subject>Progesterone</subject><subject>Progestin</subject><subject>Progestins - administration & dosage</subject><subject>progestogen</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>short cervical length</subject><subject>Vagina</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>1470-0328</issn><issn>1471-0528</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AOWDO</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkc1u1DAUhSMEoqWwZocssSmCtP5JnIRdifgZVGkkVLqNnOQm45LYg-0wmh2PwAvxMjwJNzPDLNiAF_a1_Z2rY58oesroBcNxyZKMxTTl-QWTQqb3otPjyf1dTWMqeH4SPfL-jlImORUPoxPBUyEpK06jn7eq10YNpLHjWjloyUaHFdEmODVOvpkG5cja2R58wMmQzs57-AYmaNPPZQA3klq7nYysdL_69f2H0_7LfNkbZQLZ2BGl57eL8mb5aXFFfJja7YvXRJFxGoJusJmDV8SuwaB2UDUMxCnT2lF7tBScRoe4JyMEhYRCx1uv_ePoQacGD08O61n0-d3bm_JDfL18vyivruNGZCyNO5Y2Get4TdOC8VzJBLKmZRwKzmpRcJHQOpVUyky2TOUJ7fJWiVwKUCARFmfR-b4v_sTXCb-iQmMNDIMyYCdf8YQllNJMZIg-_wu9s5NDvzOV5kmBOTGkLvdU46z3Drpq7fSo3LZitJqTreYcqznHapcsKp4d-k71CO2R_xMlAi_3wAZq2_lGg2ngiKG7NMkTLnKs6Gwg_3-61EEFbU1pJxNQmh6keoDtv4xXbz4u9y_4DcUP0yU</recordid><startdate>202012</startdate><enddate>202012</enddate><creator>Choi, S‐J</creator><creator>Kwak, DW</creator><creator>Kil, K</creator><creator>Kim, S‐C</creator><creator>Kwon, J‐Y</creator><creator>Kim, YH</creator><creator>Na, S</creator><creator>Bae, J‐G</creator><creator>Cha, H‐H</creator><creator>Shim, J‐Y</creator><creator>Oh, KY</creator><creator>Lee, KA</creator><creator>Kim, SM</creator><creator>Cho, IA</creator><creator>Lee, SM</creator><creator>Cho, GJ</creator><creator>Jo, YS</creator><creator>Choi, GY</creator><creator>Choi, SK</creator><creator>Hur, SE</creator><creator>Hwang, HS</creator><creator>Kim, YJ</creator><general>Wiley</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>AOWDO</scope><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>ASE</scope><scope>FPQ</scope><scope>K6X</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3009-6325</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202012</creationdate><title>Vaginal compared with intramuscular progestogen for preventing preterm birth in high‐risk pregnant women (VICTORIA study): a multicentre, open‐label randomised trial and meta‐analysis</title><author>Choi, S‐J ; Kwak, DW ; Kil, K ; Kim, S‐C ; Kwon, J‐Y ; Kim, YH ; Na, S ; Bae, J‐G ; Cha, H‐H ; Shim, J‐Y ; Oh, KY ; Lee, KA ; Kim, SM ; Cho, IA ; Lee, SM ; Cho, GJ ; Jo, YS ; Choi, GY ; Choi, SK ; Hur, SE ; Hwang, HS ; Kim, YJ</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3715-f15c71f2b059128a64e7cd12e921b392340b5606676d1a840f8da3863eae664e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Administration, Intravaginal</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Birth</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gestation</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Injections, Intramuscular</topic><topic>Life Sciences & Biomedicine</topic><topic>Meta-analysis</topic><topic>Meta-Analysis as Topic</topic><topic>Obstetrics & Gynecology</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Pregnancy, High-Risk</topic><topic>Premature birth</topic><topic>Premature Birth - prevention & control</topic><topic>Preterm birth</topic><topic>prevention</topic><topic>Progesterone</topic><topic>Progestin</topic><topic>Progestins - administration & dosage</topic><topic>progestogen</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>short cervical length</topic><topic>Vagina</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Choi, S‐J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kwak, DW</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kil, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, S‐C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kwon, J‐Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, YH</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Na, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bae, J‐G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cha, H‐H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shim, J‐Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oh, KY</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, KA</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, SM</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cho, IA</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, SM</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cho, GJ</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jo, YS</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, GY</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, SK</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hur, SE</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hwang, HS</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, YJ</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Korean Soc Maternal Fetal Med</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>from The Preterm Birth Research Committee of the Korean Society of Maternal Fetal Medicine</creatorcontrib><collection>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2020</collection><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation Index Expanded</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>British Nursing Index (BNI) (1985 to Present)</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Choi, S‐J</au><au>Kwak, DW</au><au>Kil, K</au><au>Kim, S‐C</au><au>Kwon, J‐Y</au><au>Kim, YH</au><au>Na, S</au><au>Bae, J‐G</au><au>Cha, H‐H</au><au>Shim, J‐Y</au><au>Oh, KY</au><au>Lee, KA</au><au>Kim, SM</au><au>Cho, IA</au><au>Lee, SM</au><au>Cho, GJ</au><au>Jo, YS</au><au>Choi, GY</au><au>Choi, SK</au><au>Hur, SE</au><au>Hwang, HS</au><au>Kim, YJ</au><aucorp>Korean Soc Maternal Fetal Med</aucorp><aucorp>from The Preterm Birth Research Committee of the Korean Society of Maternal Fetal Medicine</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Vaginal compared with intramuscular progestogen for preventing preterm birth in high‐risk pregnant women (VICTORIA study): a multicentre, open‐label randomised trial and meta‐analysis</atitle><jtitle>BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology</jtitle><stitle>BJOG-INT J OBSTET GY</stitle><addtitle>BJOG</addtitle><date>2020-12</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>127</volume><issue>13</issue><spage>1646</spage><epage>1654</epage><pages>1646-1654</pages><issn>1470-0328</issn><eissn>1471-0528</eissn><abstract>Objective
To compare the efficacy of two types of progestogen therapy for preventing preterm birth (PTB) and to review the relevant literature.
Design
A multicentre, randomised, open‐label, equivalence trial and a meta‐analysis.
Setting
Tertiary referral hospitals in South Korea.
Population
Pregnant women with a history of spontaneous PTB or short cervical length (<25 mm).
Methods
Eligible women were screened and randomised at 16‒22 weeks of gestation to receive either 200 mg of vaginal micronised progesterone daily (vaginal group) or an intramuscular injection of 250 mg 17α‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate weekly (IM group). Stratified randomisation was carried out according to participating centres and indications for progestogen therapy. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02304237).
Main outcome measure
Preterm birth (PTB) before 37 weeks of gestation.
Results
A total of 266 women were randomly assigned and a total of 247 women (119 and 128 women in the vaginal and IM groups, respectively) were available for the intention‐to‐treat analysis. Risks of PTB before 37 weeks of gestation did not significantly differ between the two groups (22.7 versus 25.8%, P = 0.571). The difference in PTB risk between the two groups was 3.1% (95% CI −7.6 to 13.8%), which was within the equivalence margin of 15%. The meta‐analysis results showed no significant differences in the risk of PTB between the vaginal and IM progestogen treatments.
Conclusion
Compared with vaginal progesterone, treatment with intramuscular progestin might increase the risk of PTB before 37 weeks of gestation by as much as 13.8%, or reduce the risk by as much as 7.6%, in women with a history of spontaneous PTB or with short cervical length.
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Vaginal and intramuscular progestogen showed equivalent efficacy for preventing preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation.
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Vaginal and intramuscular progestogen showed equivalent efficacy for preventing preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation.</abstract><cop>HOBOKEN</cop><pub>Wiley</pub><pmid>32536019</pmid><doi>10.1111/1471-0528.16365</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3009-6325</orcidid></addata></record> |
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source | Wiley-Blackwell Journals; MEDLINE; Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2020<img src="https://exlibris-pub.s3.amazonaws.com/fromwos-v2.jpg" /> |
subjects | Administration, Intravaginal Adult Birth Female Gestation Humans Injections, Intramuscular Life Sciences & Biomedicine Meta-analysis Meta-Analysis as Topic Obstetrics & Gynecology Pregnancy Pregnancy, High-Risk Premature birth Premature Birth - prevention & control Preterm birth prevention Progesterone Progestin Progestins - administration & dosage progestogen Science & Technology short cervical length Vagina Womens health |
title | Vaginal compared with intramuscular progestogen for preventing preterm birth in high‐risk pregnant women (VICTORIA study): a multicentre, open‐label randomised trial and meta‐analysis |
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