Machine Learning Uncovers Food- and Excipient-Drug Interactions

Inactive ingredients and generally recognized as safe compounds are regarded by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as benign for human consumption within specified dose ranges, but a growing body of research has revealed that many inactive ingredients might have unknown biological effects at these concentrations and might alter treatment outcomes. To speed up such discoveries, we apply state-of-the-art machine learning to delineate currently unknown biological effects of inactive ingredients—focusing on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase-2B7 (UGT2B7), two proteins that impact the pharmacokinetics of approximately 20% of FDA-approved drugs. Our platform identifies vitamin A palmitate and abietic acid as inhibitors of P-gp and UGT2B7, respectively; in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo validations support these interactions. Our predictive framework can elucidate biological effects of commonly consumed chemical matter with implications on food- and excipient-drug interactions and functional drug formulation development. [Display omitted] •Machine learning predicts biological effects of excipients and GRAS compounds•Abietic acid and gum rosin inhibit UGT2b7 metabolism ex vivo•Vitamin A palmitate inhibits P-glycoprotein transport in vivo•Such associations can cause unknown drug interactions Reker et al. use machine learning to identify biological activities of food and drug additives. Validation confirms vitamin A palmitate as an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein transport and abietic acid as an inhibitor of UGT2b7 metabolism. Such associations have important implications as food- or excipient-drug interactions.