Epigenetic alterations in cancer
Genetic and epigenetic modifications in DNA contribute to altered gene expression in aging and cancer. In human cancers, epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, micro RNAs and nucleosome remodelling all control gene expression. The link between the genetics and epigenetics...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Frontiers in bioscience 2020-03, Vol.25 (6), p.1058-1109, Article 4847 |
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| container_end_page | 1109 |
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| container_issue | 6 |
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| container_title | Frontiers in bioscience |
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| creator | Ilango, Suganya Paital, Biswaranjan Jayachandran, Priyanka Padma, Palghat Raghunathan Nirmaladevi, Ramalingam |
| description | Genetic and epigenetic modifications in DNA contribute to altered gene expression in aging and cancer. In human cancers, epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, micro RNAs and nucleosome remodelling all control gene expression. The link between the genetics and epigenetics in cancer is further shown by existence of aberrant metabolism and biochemical pathways in cancer or mutation in genes that are epigenetic players. Reversal of these epigenetic changes has been clearly shown to have therapeutic value in various forms of lymphoma and preleukemia and similar results are appearing for the treatment of solid tumors. In this review, we discuss the functional effects of epigenetic changes inducible by hypoxia, the epigenetic alterations in cancer and how they contribute to tumor progression and their relevance to epigenetic therapy. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2741/4847 |
| format | Article |
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In human cancers, epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, micro RNAs and nucleosome remodelling all control gene expression. The link between the genetics and epigenetics in cancer is further shown by existence of aberrant metabolism and biochemical pathways in cancer or mutation in genes that are epigenetic players. Reversal of these epigenetic changes has been clearly shown to have therapeutic value in various forms of lymphoma and preleukemia and similar results are appearing for the treatment of solid tumors. 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In human cancers, epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, micro RNAs and nucleosome remodelling all control gene expression. The link between the genetics and epigenetics in cancer is further shown by existence of aberrant metabolism and biochemical pathways in cancer or mutation in genes that are epigenetic players. Reversal of these epigenetic changes has been clearly shown to have therapeutic value in various forms of lymphoma and preleukemia and similar results are appearing for the treatment of solid tumors. 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| subjects | cancer chromatin Chromatin - genetics Chromatin - metabolism DNA Methylation Epigenesis, Genetic epigenetics Epigenomics - methods Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic histone modifications Histones - metabolism Humans hypoxia MicroRNAs - genetics mirnas Neoplasms - genetics Neoplasms - metabolism Neoplasms - therapy Nucleosomes - genetics Nucleosomes - metabolism |
| title | Epigenetic alterations in cancer |
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