Gender differences in self-reported camouflaging in autistic and non-autistic adults
Social camouflaging describes the use of strategies to compensate for and mask autistic characteristics during social interactions. A newly developed self-reported measure of camouflaging (Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire) was used in an online survey to measure gender differences in autis...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Autism : the international journal of research and practice 2020-02, Vol.24 (2), p.352-363 |
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| container_title | Autism : the international journal of research and practice |
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| creator | Hull, Laura Lai, Meng-Chuan Baron-Cohen, Simon Allison, Carrie Smith, Paula Petrides, KV Mandy, William |
| description | Social camouflaging describes the use of strategies to compensate for and mask autistic characteristics during social interactions. A newly developed self-reported measure of camouflaging (Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire) was used in an online survey to measure gender differences in autistic (n = 306) and non-autistic adults (n = 472) without intellectual disability for the first time. Controlling for age and autistic-like traits, an interaction between gender and diagnostic status was found: autistic females demonstrated higher total camouflaging scores than autistic males (partial η2 = 0.08), but there was no camouflaging gender difference for non-autistic people. Autistic females scored higher than males on two of three Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire subscales: Masking (partial η2 = 0.05) and Assimilation (partial η2 = 0.06), but not on the Compensation subscale. No differences were found between non-autistic males and females on any subscale. No differences were found between non-binary individuals and other genders in either autistic or non-autistic groups, although samples were underpowered. These findings support previous observations of greater camouflaging in autistic females than males and demonstrate for the first time no self-reported gender difference in non-autistic adults. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/1362361319864804 |
| format | Article |
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A newly developed self-reported measure of camouflaging (Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire) was used in an online survey to measure gender differences in autistic (n = 306) and non-autistic adults (n = 472) without intellectual disability for the first time. Controlling for age and autistic-like traits, an interaction between gender and diagnostic status was found: autistic females demonstrated higher total camouflaging scores than autistic males (partial η2 = 0.08), but there was no camouflaging gender difference for non-autistic people. Autistic females scored higher than males on two of three Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire subscales: Masking (partial η2 = 0.05) and Assimilation (partial η2 = 0.06), but not on the Compensation subscale. No differences were found between non-autistic males and females on any subscale. No differences were found between non-binary individuals and other genders in either autistic or non-autistic groups, although samples were underpowered. These findings support previous observations of greater camouflaging in autistic females than males and demonstrate for the first time no self-reported gender difference in non-autistic adults.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1362-3613</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1461-7005</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/1362361319864804</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31319684</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London, England: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Adults ; Assimilation ; Autism ; Autistic adults ; Compensation ; Coping ; Females ; Gender Differences ; Intellectual disabilities ; Interpersonal Competence ; Males ; Masking ; Pervasive Developmental Disorders ; Questionnaires ; Scores ; Self report ; Social Adjustment ; Social interaction ; Symptoms (Individual Disorders) ; Well Being</subject><ispartof>Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 2020-02, Vol.24 (2), p.352-363</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c495t-d4148c49eae06793fbdeb0ae57fcda8372c4d5a8a9568e91a942af4a7f2975f13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c495t-d4148c49eae06793fbdeb0ae57fcda8372c4d5a8a9568e91a942af4a7f2975f13</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3564-5808 ; 0000-0002-8289-2158</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1362361319864804$$EPDF$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1362361319864804$$EHTML$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,21798,27901,27902,30976,43597,43598</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ1241288$$DView record in ERIC$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31319684$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hull, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lai, Meng-Chuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baron-Cohen, Simon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allison, Carrie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, Paula</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petrides, KV</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mandy, William</creatorcontrib><title>Gender differences in self-reported camouflaging in autistic and non-autistic adults</title><title>Autism : the international journal of research and practice</title><addtitle>Autism</addtitle><description>Social camouflaging describes the use of strategies to compensate for and mask autistic characteristics during social interactions. 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No differences were found between non-binary individuals and other genders in either autistic or non-autistic groups, although samples were underpowered. These findings support previous observations of greater camouflaging in autistic females than males and demonstrate for the first time no self-reported gender difference in non-autistic adults.</description><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Assimilation</subject><subject>Autism</subject><subject>Autistic adults</subject><subject>Compensation</subject><subject>Coping</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Gender Differences</subject><subject>Intellectual disabilities</subject><subject>Interpersonal Competence</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Masking</subject><subject>Pervasive Developmental Disorders</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Scores</subject><subject>Self report</subject><subject>Social Adjustment</subject><subject>Social interaction</subject><subject>Symptoms (Individual Disorders)</subject><subject>Well Being</subject><issn>1362-3613</issn><issn>1461-7005</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kM9LwzAUx4Mobk7vXpSCFy_V_GqTHmXMqQy8zHPJkpfR0aUzaQ_-96Z0bjDwlMf7fr4vX74I3RL8RIgQz4TllOWEkULmXGJ-hsaE5yQVGGfncY5y2usjdBXCBsctz8glGrHekks-Rss5OAM-MZW14MFpCEnlkgC1TT3sGt-CSbTaNp2t1bpy615VXVuFttKJciZxjUuPC9PVbbhGF1bVAW727wR9vc6W07d08Tl_n74sUs2LrE0NJ1zGERTgXBTMrgyssIJMWG2UZIJqbjIlVZHlEgqiCk6V5UpYWojMEjZBj8PdnW--Owhtua2ChrpWDpoulJTmhHKKBY3owwm6aTrvYrqSMs4zhjFnkcIDpX0Tggdb7ny1Vf6nJLjsGy9PG4-W-_3hbrUFczD8VRyBuwEAX-mDPPuIyQiVMurpoAe1hmOqfz_8BbiGkVg</recordid><startdate>20200201</startdate><enddate>20200201</enddate><creator>Hull, Laura</creator><creator>Lai, Meng-Chuan</creator><creator>Baron-Cohen, Simon</creator><creator>Allison, Carrie</creator><creator>Smith, Paula</creator><creator>Petrides, KV</creator><creator>Mandy, William</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC</general><scope>7SW</scope><scope>BJH</scope><scope>BNH</scope><scope>BNI</scope><scope>BNJ</scope><scope>BNO</scope><scope>ERI</scope><scope>PET</scope><scope>REK</scope><scope>WWN</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3564-5808</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8289-2158</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200201</creationdate><title>Gender differences in self-reported camouflaging in autistic and non-autistic adults</title><author>Hull, Laura ; 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| ispartof | Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 2020-02, Vol.24 (2), p.352-363 |
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| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); SAGE Complete |
| subjects | Adults Assimilation Autism Autistic adults Compensation Coping Females Gender Differences Intellectual disabilities Interpersonal Competence Males Masking Pervasive Developmental Disorders Questionnaires Scores Self report Social Adjustment Social interaction Symptoms (Individual Disorders) Well Being |
| title | Gender differences in self-reported camouflaging in autistic and non-autistic adults |
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