Compounds from the pods of Astragalus armatus with antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antibacterial and phagocytic activities
Context: The phytochemical study and biological activities of Astragalus armatus Willd. subsp. numidicus (Fabaceae) pods, an endemic shrub of Maghreb, are reported. Objective: This study isolates the secondary metabolites and determines the bioactivities of Astragalus armatus pods. Materials and met...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Pharmaceutical biology 2016-12, Vol.54 (12), p.3026-3032 |
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| creator | Labed, Amira Ferhat, Maria Labed-Zouad, Ilhem Kaplaner, Erhan Zerizer, Sakina Voutquenne-Nazabadioko, Laurence Alabdul Magid, Abdulmagid Semra, Zahia Kabouche, Ahmed Kabouche, Zahia Öztürk, Mehmet |
| description | Context: The phytochemical study and biological activities of Astragalus armatus Willd. subsp. numidicus (Fabaceae) pods, an endemic shrub of Maghreb, are reported.
Objective: This study isolates the secondary metabolites and determines the bioactivities of Astragalus armatus pods.
Materials and methods: The chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of hydro-ethanolic extracts were studied. Antioxidant activity was investigated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, CUPRAC and ferrous chelating assays at concentrations ranging from 3 to 200 μg/mL. Anticholinesterase activity was determined against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes at 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL. Antibacterial activity was performed according to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Carbon clearance method in albino mice was used for the phagocytic activity at concentrations 50, 70 and 100 mg/kg body weight. Spectroscopic techniques were used to elucidate the compounds.
Results: Ethyl acetate extract afforded a flavonoid (1) while the n-butanol extract gave four flavonoids (2-5), a cyclitol (6) and a cycloartane-type saponin (7). The ethyl acetate extract exhibited highest antioxidant activity in DPPH (IC
50
: 67.90 ± 0.57 μg/mL), ABTS (IC
50
: 11.30 ± 0.09 μg/mL) and CUPRAC (A
0.50
: 50.60 ± 0.9 μg/mL) assays. The chloroform extract exhibited the best antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, each with 80 μg/mL MIC values. The n-butanol extract enhanced phagocytic activity.
Discussion and conclusion: Isorhamnetin (1), isorhamnetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-galactopyranoside (2), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-d-galactopyranoside (3), kaempferol-3-O-(2,6-di-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-d-galactopyranoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-(2,6-di-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), pinitol (6) and cyclomacroside D (7) were isolated whereas 1, 2, 6 and 7 are reported for the first time from A. armatus. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1080/13880209.2016.1200632 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmed_primary_27431425</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1826722762</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c447t-5d3fb42fe5209c6dd32295a6f7c231a7b1b4fad5d5d36ed0bbf24c0a0b88d7c03</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kU1v1DAQhiMEoqXwE0A5gkS2_k56Y7VqKdJKXMrZmvijMXLiYDstK_48XrLtEfkwfkfPzGjmrar3GG0w6tAlpl2HCLraEITFBhOEBCUvqnPcMtZwjMXL8i9Mc4TOqjcp_UQIcUr56-qMtIxiRvh59WcXxjksk061jWGs82DqORQVbL1NOcI9-CXVEEfIJT66PNQwZRd-O13i539CDcG7yaRsIiSz5npQRTrwRel6HuA-qENB65J3Dy47k95Wryz4ZN6d4kX14-b6bnfb7L9__bbb7hvFWJsbrqntGbGGl02U0JoScsVB2FYRiqHtcc8saF4eFUajvreEKQSo7zrdKkQvqk9r3wG8nKMbIR5kACdvt3t5zCHcUYaoeMCF_biycwy_lrKSHF1SxnuYTFiSxB0RLSGtIAXlK6piSCka-9wbI3n0SD55JI8eyZNHpe7DacTSj0Y_Vz2ZUoAvK-AmG8rhH0P0WmY4-BBthEm5JOn_Z_wFAbeixA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1826722762</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Compounds from the pods of Astragalus armatus with antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antibacterial and phagocytic activities</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Labed, Amira ; Ferhat, Maria ; Labed-Zouad, Ilhem ; Kaplaner, Erhan ; Zerizer, Sakina ; Voutquenne-Nazabadioko, Laurence ; Alabdul Magid, Abdulmagid ; Semra, Zahia ; Kabouche, Ahmed ; Kabouche, Zahia ; Öztürk, Mehmet</creator><creatorcontrib>Labed, Amira ; Ferhat, Maria ; Labed-Zouad, Ilhem ; Kaplaner, Erhan ; Zerizer, Sakina ; Voutquenne-Nazabadioko, Laurence ; Alabdul Magid, Abdulmagid ; Semra, Zahia ; Kabouche, Ahmed ; Kabouche, Zahia ; Öztürk, Mehmet</creatorcontrib><description>Context: The phytochemical study and biological activities of Astragalus armatus Willd. subsp. numidicus (Fabaceae) pods, an endemic shrub of Maghreb, are reported.
Objective: This study isolates the secondary metabolites and determines the bioactivities of Astragalus armatus pods.
Materials and methods: The chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of hydro-ethanolic extracts were studied. Antioxidant activity was investigated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, CUPRAC and ferrous chelating assays at concentrations ranging from 3 to 200 μg/mL. Anticholinesterase activity was determined against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes at 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL. Antibacterial activity was performed according to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Carbon clearance method in albino mice was used for the phagocytic activity at concentrations 50, 70 and 100 mg/kg body weight. Spectroscopic techniques were used to elucidate the compounds.
Results: Ethyl acetate extract afforded a flavonoid (1) while the n-butanol extract gave four flavonoids (2-5), a cyclitol (6) and a cycloartane-type saponin (7). The ethyl acetate extract exhibited highest antioxidant activity in DPPH (IC
50
: 67.90 ± 0.57 μg/mL), ABTS (IC
50
: 11.30 ± 0.09 μg/mL) and CUPRAC (A
0.50
: 50.60 ± 0.9 μg/mL) assays. The chloroform extract exhibited the best antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, each with 80 μg/mL MIC values. The n-butanol extract enhanced phagocytic activity.
Discussion and conclusion: Isorhamnetin (1), isorhamnetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-galactopyranoside (2), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-d-galactopyranoside (3), kaempferol-3-O-(2,6-di-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-d-galactopyranoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-(2,6-di-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), pinitol (6) and cyclomacroside D (7) were isolated whereas 1, 2, 6 and 7 are reported for the first time from A. armatus.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1388-0209</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1744-5116</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1200632</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27431425</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Taylor & Francis</publisher><subject>Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - isolation & purification ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology ; Antioxidants - chemistry ; Antioxidants - isolation & purification ; Antioxidants - pharmacology ; Astragalus Plant ; Biological activity ; Chemical Sciences ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors - chemistry ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors - isolation & purification ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors - pharmacology ; flavonoids ; Male ; Mice ; Phagocytosis - drug effects ; Phagocytosis - physiology ; Plant Extracts - chemistry ; Plant Extracts - isolation & purification ; Plant Extracts - pharmacology ; Plant Structures ; saponins ; structure elucidation</subject><ispartof>Pharmaceutical biology, 2016-12, Vol.54 (12), p.3026-3032</ispartof><rights>2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group 2016</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c447t-5d3fb42fe5209c6dd32295a6f7c231a7b1b4fad5d5d36ed0bbf24c0a0b88d7c03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c447t-5d3fb42fe5209c6dd32295a6f7c231a7b1b4fad5d5d36ed0bbf24c0a0b88d7c03</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7038-241X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27431425$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.univ-reims.fr/hal-01834036$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Labed, Amira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferhat, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Labed-Zouad, Ilhem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaplaner, Erhan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zerizer, Sakina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Voutquenne-Nazabadioko, Laurence</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alabdul Magid, Abdulmagid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Semra, Zahia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kabouche, Ahmed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kabouche, Zahia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Öztürk, Mehmet</creatorcontrib><title>Compounds from the pods of Astragalus armatus with antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antibacterial and phagocytic activities</title><title>Pharmaceutical biology</title><addtitle>Pharm Biol</addtitle><description>Context: The phytochemical study and biological activities of Astragalus armatus Willd. subsp. numidicus (Fabaceae) pods, an endemic shrub of Maghreb, are reported.
Objective: This study isolates the secondary metabolites and determines the bioactivities of Astragalus armatus pods.
Materials and methods: The chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of hydro-ethanolic extracts were studied. Antioxidant activity was investigated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, CUPRAC and ferrous chelating assays at concentrations ranging from 3 to 200 μg/mL. Anticholinesterase activity was determined against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes at 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL. Antibacterial activity was performed according to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Carbon clearance method in albino mice was used for the phagocytic activity at concentrations 50, 70 and 100 mg/kg body weight. Spectroscopic techniques were used to elucidate the compounds.
Results: Ethyl acetate extract afforded a flavonoid (1) while the n-butanol extract gave four flavonoids (2-5), a cyclitol (6) and a cycloartane-type saponin (7). The ethyl acetate extract exhibited highest antioxidant activity in DPPH (IC
50
: 67.90 ± 0.57 μg/mL), ABTS (IC
50
: 11.30 ± 0.09 μg/mL) and CUPRAC (A
0.50
: 50.60 ± 0.9 μg/mL) assays. The chloroform extract exhibited the best antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, each with 80 μg/mL MIC values. The n-butanol extract enhanced phagocytic activity.
Discussion and conclusion: Isorhamnetin (1), isorhamnetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-galactopyranoside (2), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-d-galactopyranoside (3), kaempferol-3-O-(2,6-di-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-d-galactopyranoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-(2,6-di-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), pinitol (6) and cyclomacroside D (7) were isolated whereas 1, 2, 6 and 7 are reported for the first time from A. armatus.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Antioxidants - chemistry</subject><subject>Antioxidants - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Antioxidants - pharmacology</subject><subject>Astragalus Plant</subject><subject>Biological activity</subject><subject>Chemical Sciences</subject><subject>Cholinesterase Inhibitors - chemistry</subject><subject>Cholinesterase Inhibitors - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Cholinesterase Inhibitors - pharmacology</subject><subject>flavonoids</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Phagocytosis - drug effects</subject><subject>Phagocytosis - physiology</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - chemistry</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - pharmacology</subject><subject>Plant Structures</subject><subject>saponins</subject><subject>structure elucidation</subject><issn>1388-0209</issn><issn>1744-5116</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU1v1DAQhiMEoqXwE0A5gkS2_k56Y7VqKdJKXMrZmvijMXLiYDstK_48XrLtEfkwfkfPzGjmrar3GG0w6tAlpl2HCLraEITFBhOEBCUvqnPcMtZwjMXL8i9Mc4TOqjcp_UQIcUr56-qMtIxiRvh59WcXxjksk061jWGs82DqORQVbL1NOcI9-CXVEEfIJT66PNQwZRd-O13i539CDcG7yaRsIiSz5npQRTrwRel6HuA-qENB65J3Dy47k95Wryz4ZN6d4kX14-b6bnfb7L9__bbb7hvFWJsbrqntGbGGl02U0JoScsVB2FYRiqHtcc8saF4eFUajvreEKQSo7zrdKkQvqk9r3wG8nKMbIR5kACdvt3t5zCHcUYaoeMCF_biycwy_lrKSHF1SxnuYTFiSxB0RLSGtIAXlK6piSCka-9wbI3n0SD55JI8eyZNHpe7DacTSj0Y_Vz2ZUoAvK-AmG8rhH0P0WmY4-BBthEm5JOn_Z_wFAbeixA</recordid><startdate>20161201</startdate><enddate>20161201</enddate><creator>Labed, Amira</creator><creator>Ferhat, Maria</creator><creator>Labed-Zouad, Ilhem</creator><creator>Kaplaner, Erhan</creator><creator>Zerizer, Sakina</creator><creator>Voutquenne-Nazabadioko, Laurence</creator><creator>Alabdul Magid, Abdulmagid</creator><creator>Semra, Zahia</creator><creator>Kabouche, Ahmed</creator><creator>Kabouche, Zahia</creator><creator>Öztürk, Mehmet</creator><general>Taylor & Francis</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>1XC</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7038-241X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20161201</creationdate><title>Compounds from the pods of Astragalus armatus with antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antibacterial and phagocytic activities</title><author>Labed, Amira ; Ferhat, Maria ; Labed-Zouad, Ilhem ; Kaplaner, Erhan ; Zerizer, Sakina ; Voutquenne-Nazabadioko, Laurence ; Alabdul Magid, Abdulmagid ; Semra, Zahia ; Kabouche, Ahmed ; Kabouche, Zahia ; Öztürk, Mehmet</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c447t-5d3fb42fe5209c6dd32295a6f7c231a7b1b4fad5d5d36ed0bbf24c0a0b88d7c03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Antioxidants - chemistry</topic><topic>Antioxidants - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Antioxidants - pharmacology</topic><topic>Astragalus Plant</topic><topic>Biological activity</topic><topic>Chemical Sciences</topic><topic>Cholinesterase Inhibitors - chemistry</topic><topic>Cholinesterase Inhibitors - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Cholinesterase Inhibitors - pharmacology</topic><topic>flavonoids</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Phagocytosis - drug effects</topic><topic>Phagocytosis - physiology</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - chemistry</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - pharmacology</topic><topic>Plant Structures</topic><topic>saponins</topic><topic>structure elucidation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Labed, Amira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferhat, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Labed-Zouad, Ilhem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaplaner, Erhan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zerizer, Sakina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Voutquenne-Nazabadioko, Laurence</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alabdul Magid, Abdulmagid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Semra, Zahia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kabouche, Ahmed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kabouche, Zahia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Öztürk, Mehmet</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><jtitle>Pharmaceutical biology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Labed, Amira</au><au>Ferhat, Maria</au><au>Labed-Zouad, Ilhem</au><au>Kaplaner, Erhan</au><au>Zerizer, Sakina</au><au>Voutquenne-Nazabadioko, Laurence</au><au>Alabdul Magid, Abdulmagid</au><au>Semra, Zahia</au><au>Kabouche, Ahmed</au><au>Kabouche, Zahia</au><au>Öztürk, Mehmet</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Compounds from the pods of Astragalus armatus with antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antibacterial and phagocytic activities</atitle><jtitle>Pharmaceutical biology</jtitle><addtitle>Pharm Biol</addtitle><date>2016-12-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>54</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>3026</spage><epage>3032</epage><pages>3026-3032</pages><issn>1388-0209</issn><eissn>1744-5116</eissn><abstract>Context: The phytochemical study and biological activities of Astragalus armatus Willd. subsp. numidicus (Fabaceae) pods, an endemic shrub of Maghreb, are reported.
Objective: This study isolates the secondary metabolites and determines the bioactivities of Astragalus armatus pods.
Materials and methods: The chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of hydro-ethanolic extracts were studied. Antioxidant activity was investigated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, CUPRAC and ferrous chelating assays at concentrations ranging from 3 to 200 μg/mL. Anticholinesterase activity was determined against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes at 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL. Antibacterial activity was performed according to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. Carbon clearance method in albino mice was used for the phagocytic activity at concentrations 50, 70 and 100 mg/kg body weight. Spectroscopic techniques were used to elucidate the compounds.
Results: Ethyl acetate extract afforded a flavonoid (1) while the n-butanol extract gave four flavonoids (2-5), a cyclitol (6) and a cycloartane-type saponin (7). The ethyl acetate extract exhibited highest antioxidant activity in DPPH (IC
50
: 67.90 ± 0.57 μg/mL), ABTS (IC
50
: 11.30 ± 0.09 μg/mL) and CUPRAC (A
0.50
: 50.60 ± 0.9 μg/mL) assays. The chloroform extract exhibited the best antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, each with 80 μg/mL MIC values. The n-butanol extract enhanced phagocytic activity.
Discussion and conclusion: Isorhamnetin (1), isorhamnetin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-galactopyranoside (2), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-d-galactopyranoside (3), kaempferol-3-O-(2,6-di-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-d-galactopyranoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-(2,6-di-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), pinitol (6) and cyclomacroside D (7) were isolated whereas 1, 2, 6 and 7 are reported for the first time from A. armatus.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Taylor & Francis</pub><pmid>27431425</pmid><doi>10.1080/13880209.2016.1200632</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7038-241X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Pharmaceutical biology, 2016-12, Vol.54 (12), p.3026-3032 |
| issn | 1388-0209 1744-5116 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Animals Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry Anti-Bacterial Agents - isolation & purification Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Antioxidants - chemistry Antioxidants - isolation & purification Antioxidants - pharmacology Astragalus Plant Biological activity Chemical Sciences Cholinesterase Inhibitors - chemistry Cholinesterase Inhibitors - isolation & purification Cholinesterase Inhibitors - pharmacology flavonoids Male Mice Phagocytosis - drug effects Phagocytosis - physiology Plant Extracts - chemistry Plant Extracts - isolation & purification Plant Extracts - pharmacology Plant Structures saponins structure elucidation |
| title | Compounds from the pods of Astragalus armatus with antioxidant, anticholinesterase, antibacterial and phagocytic activities |
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