The Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Actions of Tree Nuts
In addition to being a rich source of several essential vitamins and minerals, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and fibre, most tree nuts provide an array of phytochemicals that may contribute to the health benefits attributed to this whole food. Although many of these constituents remain to b...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2010-03, Vol.19 (1), p.117-123 |
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description | In addition to being a rich source of several essential vitamins and minerals, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and fibre, most tree nuts provide an array of phytochemicals that may contribute to the health benefits attributed to this whole food. Although many of these constituents remain to be fully identified and characterised, broad classes include the carotenoids, hydrolyzable tannins, lignans, naphthoquinones, phenolic acids, phytosterols, polyphenols, and tocopherols. These phytochemicals have been shown to possess a range of bioactivity, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and hypocholesterolemic properties. This review summarises the current knowledge of the carotenoid, phenolic, and tocopherol content of tree nuts and associated studies of their antioxidant actions in vitro and in human studies. Tree nuts are a rich source of tocopherols and total phenols and contain a wide variety of flavonoids and proanthocyanidins. In contrast, most tree nuts are not good dietary sources of carotenoids and stilbenes. Phenolic acids are present in tree nuts but a systematic survey of the content and profile of these compounds is lacking. A limited number of human studies indicate these nut phytochemicals are bioaccessible and bioavailable and have antioxidant actions in vivo. |
doi_str_mv | 10.6133/apjcn.2010.19.1.16 |
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Although many of these constituents remain to be fully identified and characterised, broad classes include the carotenoids, hydrolyzable tannins, lignans, naphthoquinones, phenolic acids, phytosterols, polyphenols, and tocopherols. These phytochemicals have been shown to possess a range of bioactivity, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and hypocholesterolemic properties. This review summarises the current knowledge of the carotenoid, phenolic, and tocopherol content of tree nuts and associated studies of their antioxidant actions in vitro and in human studies. Tree nuts are a rich source of tocopherols and total phenols and contain a wide variety of flavonoids and proanthocyanidins. In contrast, most tree nuts are not good dietary sources of carotenoids and stilbenes. Phenolic acids are present in tree nuts but a systematic survey of the content and profile of these compounds is lacking. 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Although many of these constituents remain to be fully identified and characterised, broad classes include the carotenoids, hydrolyzable tannins, lignans, naphthoquinones, phenolic acids, phytosterols, polyphenols, and tocopherols. These phytochemicals have been shown to possess a range of bioactivity, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and hypocholesterolemic properties. This review summarises the current knowledge of the carotenoid, phenolic, and tocopherol content of tree nuts and associated studies of their antioxidant actions in vitro and in human studies. Tree nuts are a rich source of tocopherols and total phenols and contain a wide variety of flavonoids and proanthocyanidins. In contrast, most tree nuts are not good dietary sources of carotenoids and stilbenes. Phenolic acids are present in tree nuts but a systematic survey of the content and profile of these compounds is lacking. 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McKay, Diane L ; Blumberg, Jeffrey B</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a568t-4e3b587e77980ab4e799a2e7a2ce1d8380620fbf24930be53084a3e8ddb0c9a63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Antioxidants - analysis</topic><topic>Bioavailability</topic><topic>Carotenoids</topic><topic>Carotenoids - analysis</topic><topic>Carotenoids - pharmacology</topic><topic>Dietary minerals</topic><topic>Evaluation</topic><topic>Fatty acids</topic><topic>Flavonoids</topic><topic>Flavonoids - analysis</topic><topic>Flavonoids - pharmacology</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Nut trees</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Nutritive Value</topic><topic>Nuts</topic><topic>Nuts - chemistry</topic><topic>Peanuts</topic><topic>Phenols</topic><topic>Phenols - analysis</topic><topic>Phenols - pharmacology</topic><topic>Phytochemicals</topic><topic>Polyphenols</topic><topic>Species Specificity</topic><topic>Statistics</topic><topic>Tocopherols - analysis</topic><topic>Tocopherols - pharmacology</topic><topic>Vitamin E</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bolling, Bradley W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McKay, Diane L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blumberg, Jeffrey B</creatorcontrib><collection>Airiti Library</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>East & South Asia Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bolling, Bradley W</au><au>McKay, Diane L</au><au>Blumberg, Jeffrey B</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Actions of Tree Nuts</atitle><jtitle>Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition</jtitle><addtitle>Asia Pac J Clin Nutr</addtitle><date>2010-03</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>117</spage><epage>123</epage><pages>117-123</pages><issn>0964-7058</issn><eissn>1440-6047</eissn><abstract>In addition to being a rich source of several essential vitamins and minerals, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and fibre, most tree nuts provide an array of phytochemicals that may contribute to the health benefits attributed to this whole food. Although many of these constituents remain to be fully identified and characterised, broad classes include the carotenoids, hydrolyzable tannins, lignans, naphthoquinones, phenolic acids, phytosterols, polyphenols, and tocopherols. These phytochemicals have been shown to possess a range of bioactivity, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and hypocholesterolemic properties. This review summarises the current knowledge of the carotenoid, phenolic, and tocopherol content of tree nuts and associated studies of their antioxidant actions in vitro and in human studies. Tree nuts are a rich source of tocopherols and total phenols and contain a wide variety of flavonoids and proanthocyanidins. In contrast, most tree nuts are not good dietary sources of carotenoids and stilbenes. Phenolic acids are present in tree nuts but a systematic survey of the content and profile of these compounds is lacking. 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subjects | Animals Antioxidants Antioxidants - analysis Bioavailability Carotenoids Carotenoids - analysis Carotenoids - pharmacology Dietary minerals Evaluation Fatty acids Flavonoids Flavonoids - analysis Flavonoids - pharmacology Health aspects Humans Nut trees Nutrition Nutritive Value Nuts Nuts - chemistry Peanuts Phenols Phenols - analysis Phenols - pharmacology Phytochemicals Polyphenols Species Specificity Statistics Tocopherols - analysis Tocopherols - pharmacology Vitamin E |
title | The Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Actions of Tree Nuts |
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