Phonon softening and crystallographic orientation of strained graphene studied by Raman spectroscopy

We present a systematic study of the Raman spectra of optical phonons in graphene monolayers under tunable uniaxial tensile stress. Both the G and 2D bands exhibit significant red shifts. The G band splits into 2 distinct subbands (G⁺, G⁻) because of the strain-induced symmetry breaking. Raman scatt...

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