Weight-of-evidence evaluation of reproductive and developmental effects of low doses of bisphenol A

Recent public concern has focused on potential reproductive and developmental effects from exposure to low levels of bisphenol A (BPA, CAS number 80-05-7). Two previous published reviews (Gray et al., 2004a; Goodman et al., 2006) conducted weight-of-evidence evaluations of in vivo reproductive/developmental toxicity from BPA exposure < or = 5 mg/kg-d based on studies published through February 2006. Here, an update of those analyses presents additional relevant studies that were published through July 25, 2008, and a weight-of-evidence analysis of the studies evaluated in all three reviews. As with the earlier literature, positive findings: (1) are countered by null findings in more numerous studies; (2) have not been replicated; (3) do not exhibit coherence and plausibility; (4) do not show consistency across species, doses, and time points; and/or (5) were from studies using non-oral exposure routes. Owing to the lack of first-pass metabolism, results from non-oral studies are of limited relevance to human exposure. Exposure levels in most of the low-dose oral and non-oral animal studies are generally much higher than those experienced by even the most exposed people in the general population. The weight of evidence does not support the hypothesis that low oral doses of BPA adversely affect human reproductive and developmental health.