Community outbreak of pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila: importance of monitoring hospital cooling towers
Description of an outbreak of legionnaires' disease originating in one of the cooling towers of a hospital. This study included patients with confirmed pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 and related to the Vallcarca neighborhood of Barcelona (Spain) in August 2004. Exposure...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología clínica 2008-01, Vol.26 (1), p.15 |
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| container_title | Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología clínica |
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| creator | de Olalla, Patricia García Gracia, José Rius, Cristina Caylà, Joan A Pañella, Helena Villabí, Joan R Guix, Joan Pellicer, Teresa Ferrer, Dolors Cusi, Meritxell Pelaz, Carmen Sabrià, Miquel |
| description | Description of an outbreak of legionnaires' disease originating in one of the cooling towers of a hospital.
This study included patients with confirmed pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 and related to the Vallcarca neighborhood of Barcelona (Spain) in August 2004. Exposure was determined by a standardized questionnaire. An environmental investigation was carried out to identify the source of the outbreak. A descriptive analysis including incidence rates estimation was performed, as well as molecular study to document the genetic identity among human and environmental strains.
Thirty-three cases of L. pneumophila pneumonia were detected. Median age was 68 years and 70% of the affected patients were men. Incidence rate among residents in less than 200 meters of the source and older than 65 was 888.9 cases/100,000 inhabitants. Lethality rate was 6%. Four seasonal cooling towers that were not registered with the authorities were identified in a health care center. L. pneumophila was isolated from all four and at least one colony in each tower had the same genetic profile as the strains isolated from patients.
An association was demonstrated between a community outbreak of legionellosis and unregistered seasonal cooling towers located in a hospital. All risk facilities should be registered and inspected to ensure that they fulfill current legislation requirements. |
| format | Article |
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This study included patients with confirmed pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 and related to the Vallcarca neighborhood of Barcelona (Spain) in August 2004. Exposure was determined by a standardized questionnaire. An environmental investigation was carried out to identify the source of the outbreak. A descriptive analysis including incidence rates estimation was performed, as well as molecular study to document the genetic identity among human and environmental strains.
Thirty-three cases of L. pneumophila pneumonia were detected. Median age was 68 years and 70% of the affected patients were men. Incidence rate among residents in less than 200 meters of the source and older than 65 was 888.9 cases/100,000 inhabitants. Lethality rate was 6%. Four seasonal cooling towers that were not registered with the authorities were identified in a health care center. L. pneumophila was isolated from all four and at least one colony in each tower had the same genetic profile as the strains isolated from patients.
An association was demonstrated between a community outbreak of legionellosis and unregistered seasonal cooling towers located in a hospital. All risk facilities should be registered and inspected to ensure that they fulfill current legislation requirements.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0213-005X</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18208761</identifier><language>spa</language><publisher>Spain</publisher><subject>Aerosols ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Air Microbiology ; Building Codes ; Community-Acquired Infections - epidemiology ; Community-Acquired Infections - etiology ; Community-Acquired Infections - microbiology ; Community-Acquired Infections - transmission ; Disease Notification ; Disease Outbreaks ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Hospitals, Urban - legislation & jurisprudence ; Humans ; Incidence ; Legionella pneumophila - isolation & purification ; Legionnaires' Disease - epidemiology ; Legionnaires' Disease - etiology ; Legionnaires' Disease - transmission ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Refrigeration ; Spain - epidemiology ; Urban Health ; Water Microbiology</subject><ispartof>Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología clínica, 2008-01, Vol.26 (1), p.15</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18208761$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>de Olalla, Patricia García</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gracia, José</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rius, Cristina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caylà, Joan A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pañella, Helena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Villabí, Joan R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guix, Joan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pellicer, Teresa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferrer, Dolors</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cusi, Meritxell</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pelaz, Carmen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sabrià, Miquel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grupo de trabajo del brote de Vallcarca</creatorcontrib><title>Community outbreak of pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila: importance of monitoring hospital cooling towers</title><title>Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología clínica</title><addtitle>Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin</addtitle><description>Description of an outbreak of legionnaires' disease originating in one of the cooling towers of a hospital.
This study included patients with confirmed pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 and related to the Vallcarca neighborhood of Barcelona (Spain) in August 2004. Exposure was determined by a standardized questionnaire. An environmental investigation was carried out to identify the source of the outbreak. A descriptive analysis including incidence rates estimation was performed, as well as molecular study to document the genetic identity among human and environmental strains.
Thirty-three cases of L. pneumophila pneumonia were detected. Median age was 68 years and 70% of the affected patients were men. Incidence rate among residents in less than 200 meters of the source and older than 65 was 888.9 cases/100,000 inhabitants. Lethality rate was 6%. Four seasonal cooling towers that were not registered with the authorities were identified in a health care center. L. pneumophila was isolated from all four and at least one colony in each tower had the same genetic profile as the strains isolated from patients.
An association was demonstrated between a community outbreak of legionellosis and unregistered seasonal cooling towers located in a hospital. All risk facilities should be registered and inspected to ensure that they fulfill current legislation requirements.</description><subject>Aerosols</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Air Microbiology</subject><subject>Building Codes</subject><subject>Community-Acquired Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Community-Acquired Infections - etiology</subject><subject>Community-Acquired Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>Community-Acquired Infections - transmission</subject><subject>Disease Notification</subject><subject>Disease Outbreaks</subject><subject>Environmental Exposure</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hospitals, Urban - legislation & jurisprudence</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Legionella pneumophila - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Legionnaires' Disease - epidemiology</subject><subject>Legionnaires' Disease - etiology</subject><subject>Legionnaires' Disease - transmission</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Refrigeration</subject><subject>Spain - epidemiology</subject><subject>Urban Health</subject><subject>Water Microbiology</subject><issn>0213-005X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNo1j8tqwzAURLVoadK0v1D0AwbJkmylu2L6AkM3WXQXrmQ5USv5Clmm5O9LaLoaOMMZmCuyZjUXFWPqc0Vu5_mLsVoJIW7Iiuua6bbha4IdxrhMvpwoLsVkB98UR5omt0ScPNBhcbQg7d3B4-RCgEuXjj7AI_UxYS4wWXfWzkrB7KcDPeKcfIFALWI4g4I_Ls935HqEMLv7S27I7uV5171V_cfre_fUV0lJXlkJegAJMAiphWGMbe3IGehRQOsG3oJgjQINjVIGxqFtRrBbI42StqkbITbk4W82LSa6YZ-yj5BP-__j4hfQuFc0</recordid><startdate>200801</startdate><enddate>200801</enddate><creator>de Olalla, Patricia García</creator><creator>Gracia, José</creator><creator>Rius, Cristina</creator><creator>Caylà, Joan A</creator><creator>Pañella, Helena</creator><creator>Villabí, Joan R</creator><creator>Guix, Joan</creator><creator>Pellicer, Teresa</creator><creator>Ferrer, Dolors</creator><creator>Cusi, Meritxell</creator><creator>Pelaz, Carmen</creator><creator>Sabrià, Miquel</creator><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200801</creationdate><title>Community outbreak of pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila: importance of monitoring hospital cooling towers</title><author>de Olalla, Patricia García ; Gracia, José ; Rius, Cristina ; Caylà, Joan A ; Pañella, Helena ; Villabí, Joan R ; Guix, Joan ; Pellicer, Teresa ; Ferrer, Dolors ; Cusi, Meritxell ; Pelaz, Carmen ; Sabrià, Miquel</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-p541-c4a8da4aad3483b0009cf10a8f3a7ed17a3065a8a655bafd76fac9b4b54c62633</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>spa</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Aerosols</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Air Microbiology</topic><topic>Building Codes</topic><topic>Community-Acquired Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Community-Acquired Infections - etiology</topic><topic>Community-Acquired Infections - microbiology</topic><topic>Community-Acquired Infections - transmission</topic><topic>Disease Notification</topic><topic>Disease Outbreaks</topic><topic>Environmental Exposure</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Hospitals, Urban - legislation & jurisprudence</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Legionella pneumophila - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Legionnaires' Disease - epidemiology</topic><topic>Legionnaires' Disease - etiology</topic><topic>Legionnaires' Disease - transmission</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Refrigeration</topic><topic>Spain - epidemiology</topic><topic>Urban Health</topic><topic>Water Microbiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>de Olalla, Patricia García</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gracia, José</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rius, Cristina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caylà, Joan A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pañella, Helena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Villabí, Joan R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guix, Joan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pellicer, Teresa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferrer, Dolors</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cusi, Meritxell</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pelaz, Carmen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sabrià, Miquel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grupo de trabajo del brote de Vallcarca</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><jtitle>Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología clínica</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>de Olalla, Patricia García</au><au>Gracia, José</au><au>Rius, Cristina</au><au>Caylà, Joan A</au><au>Pañella, Helena</au><au>Villabí, Joan R</au><au>Guix, Joan</au><au>Pellicer, Teresa</au><au>Ferrer, Dolors</au><au>Cusi, Meritxell</au><au>Pelaz, Carmen</au><au>Sabrià, Miquel</au><aucorp>Grupo de trabajo del brote de Vallcarca</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Community outbreak of pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila: importance of monitoring hospital cooling towers</atitle><jtitle>Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiología clínica</jtitle><addtitle>Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin</addtitle><date>2008-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>26</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>15</spage><pages>15-</pages><issn>0213-005X</issn><abstract>Description of an outbreak of legionnaires' disease originating in one of the cooling towers of a hospital.
This study included patients with confirmed pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 and related to the Vallcarca neighborhood of Barcelona (Spain) in August 2004. Exposure was determined by a standardized questionnaire. An environmental investigation was carried out to identify the source of the outbreak. A descriptive analysis including incidence rates estimation was performed, as well as molecular study to document the genetic identity among human and environmental strains.
Thirty-three cases of L. pneumophila pneumonia were detected. Median age was 68 years and 70% of the affected patients were men. Incidence rate among residents in less than 200 meters of the source and older than 65 was 888.9 cases/100,000 inhabitants. Lethality rate was 6%. Four seasonal cooling towers that were not registered with the authorities were identified in a health care center. L. pneumophila was isolated from all four and at least one colony in each tower had the same genetic profile as the strains isolated from patients.
An association was demonstrated between a community outbreak of legionellosis and unregistered seasonal cooling towers located in a hospital. All risk facilities should be registered and inspected to ensure that they fulfill current legislation requirements.</abstract><cop>Spain</cop><pmid>18208761</pmid></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Aerosols Aged Aged, 80 and over Air Microbiology Building Codes Community-Acquired Infections - epidemiology Community-Acquired Infections - etiology Community-Acquired Infections - microbiology Community-Acquired Infections - transmission Disease Notification Disease Outbreaks Environmental Exposure Female Hospitals, Urban - legislation & jurisprudence Humans Incidence Legionella pneumophila - isolation & purification Legionnaires' Disease - epidemiology Legionnaires' Disease - etiology Legionnaires' Disease - transmission Male Middle Aged Refrigeration Spain - epidemiology Urban Health Water Microbiology |
| title | Community outbreak of pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila: importance of monitoring hospital cooling towers |
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