Contrast imaging with chirped excitation
Coded excitation has been successfully used in imaging to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and penetration depth. With a contrast agent, wideband signals have been hypothesized to increase the contrast-to-tissue ratio (CTR). However, nonlinear properties of contrast agents make decoding diff...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control ferroelectrics, and frequency control, 2007-03, Vol.54 (3), p.520-529 |
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| creator | Yang Sun Kruse, D.E. Ferrara, K.W. |
| description | Coded excitation has been successfully used in imaging to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and penetration depth. With a contrast agent, wideband signals have been hypothesized to increase the contrast-to-tissue ratio (CTR). However, nonlinear properties of contrast agents make decoding difficult when applying coded excitation to contrast imaging. We propose two chirped excitation methods to image contrast agents, with a mechanical index (MI) ranging from 0.05 to 0.34. In the single chirp method, one chirp is transmitted, followed by a clutter filter to reject tissue echoes, then a matched filter is used to recover range resolution. In the chirp sequence method, an increasing and decreasing chirp sequence is transmitted followed by subtraction of the compressed echoes to reject tissue echoes (assuming tissue is a linear scatterer at low MI). Ten independent acoustic experiments were performed to evaluate the CTR for chirp and tone burst insonation, with the same spatial peak temporal averaged intensity (I SPTA )A significant increase in CTR, ranging from 4 dB to 8 dB, is observed for chirped excitation as compared with tone burst insonation, at an I SPTA of 0.1 and 0.3 mW/cm 2 (P les 5e-3). To achieve the same CTR of 15 dB, the spatial peak pulse averaged intensity (I SPPA ) can be decreased by 6 dB for chirp insonation as compared with tone burst insonation (P < 1e-5). Additionally, an increase of more than 10 dB in tissue rejection ratio (TRR) is observed for a chirp sequence insonation compared to tone burst phase inversion for this set of parameters (P les 1e-9). Deconvolution of the linear microbubble response from the received echoes is proposed as a method to recover spatial resolution. The difference in the axial resolution resulting from chirp and three-cycle tone burst insonation is approximately 220 mum. The difference in the mainlobe width between experimental and predicted compressed echoes is less than 20%. The side-lobe amplitude is 9 dB to 16 dB below the mainlobe with a transmitted I SPTA from 0.1 to 6.6 mW/cm 2 |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TUFFC.2007.275 |
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With a contrast agent, wideband signals have been hypothesized to increase the contrast-to-tissue ratio (CTR). However, nonlinear properties of contrast agents make decoding difficult when applying coded excitation to contrast imaging. We propose two chirped excitation methods to image contrast agents, with a mechanical index (MI) ranging from 0.05 to 0.34. In the single chirp method, one chirp is transmitted, followed by a clutter filter to reject tissue echoes, then a matched filter is used to recover range resolution. In the chirp sequence method, an increasing and decreasing chirp sequence is transmitted followed by subtraction of the compressed echoes to reject tissue echoes (assuming tissue is a linear scatterer at low MI). Ten independent acoustic experiments were performed to evaluate the CTR for chirp and tone burst insonation, with the same spatial peak temporal averaged intensity (I SPTA )A significant increase in CTR, ranging from 4 dB to 8 dB, is observed for chirped excitation as compared with tone burst insonation, at an I SPTA of 0.1 and 0.3 mW/cm 2 (P les 5e-3). To achieve the same CTR of 15 dB, the spatial peak pulse averaged intensity (I SPPA ) can be decreased by 6 dB for chirp insonation as compared with tone burst insonation (P < 1e-5). Additionally, an increase of more than 10 dB in tissue rejection ratio (TRR) is observed for a chirp sequence insonation compared to tone burst phase inversion for this set of parameters (P les 1e-9). Deconvolution of the linear microbubble response from the received echoes is proposed as a method to recover spatial resolution. The difference in the axial resolution resulting from chirp and three-cycle tone burst insonation is approximately 220 mum. The difference in the mainlobe width between experimental and predicted compressed echoes is less than 20%. The side-lobe amplitude is 9 dB to 16 dB below the mainlobe with a transmitted I SPTA from 0.1 to 6.6 mW/cm 2</description><identifier>ISSN: 0885-3010</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1525-8955</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2007.275</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17375821</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ITUCER</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: IEEE</publisher><subject>Acoustic scattering ; Acoustic signal processing ; Acoustics ; Algorithms ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood ; Bursting ; Chirp ; Contrast agents ; Contrast Media ; Echoes ; Exact sciences and technology ; Excitation ; Frequency ; Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications) ; Image Enhancement - methods ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - methods ; Imaging ; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) ; Matched filters ; Medical sciences ; Microbubbles ; Microorganisms ; Miscellaneous. Technology ; Noise levels ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Physics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Signal to noise ratio ; Spatial resolution ; Sun ; Ultrasonic imaging ; Ultrasonic investigative techniques ; Ultrasonography - instrumentation ; Ultrasonography - methods ; Wideband</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, 2007-03, Vol.54 (3), p.520-529</ispartof><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2007</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c402t-9e98066b03430f0e1ed074287fb5e69b7cb9e6fa791ee9e5c8aa5632339724763</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c402t-9e98066b03430f0e1ed074287fb5e69b7cb9e6fa791ee9e5c8aa5632339724763</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4139332$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,794,27907,27908,54741</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4139332$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18554774$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17375821$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yang Sun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kruse, D.E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferrara, K.W.</creatorcontrib><title>Contrast imaging with chirped excitation</title><title>IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control</title><addtitle>T-UFFC</addtitle><addtitle>IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control</addtitle><description>Coded excitation has been successfully used in imaging to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and penetration depth. With a contrast agent, wideband signals have been hypothesized to increase the contrast-to-tissue ratio (CTR). However, nonlinear properties of contrast agents make decoding difficult when applying coded excitation to contrast imaging. We propose two chirped excitation methods to image contrast agents, with a mechanical index (MI) ranging from 0.05 to 0.34. In the single chirp method, one chirp is transmitted, followed by a clutter filter to reject tissue echoes, then a matched filter is used to recover range resolution. In the chirp sequence method, an increasing and decreasing chirp sequence is transmitted followed by subtraction of the compressed echoes to reject tissue echoes (assuming tissue is a linear scatterer at low MI). Ten independent acoustic experiments were performed to evaluate the CTR for chirp and tone burst insonation, with the same spatial peak temporal averaged intensity (I SPTA )A significant increase in CTR, ranging from 4 dB to 8 dB, is observed for chirped excitation as compared with tone burst insonation, at an I SPTA of 0.1 and 0.3 mW/cm 2 (P les 5e-3). To achieve the same CTR of 15 dB, the spatial peak pulse averaged intensity (I SPPA ) can be decreased by 6 dB for chirp insonation as compared with tone burst insonation (P < 1e-5). Additionally, an increase of more than 10 dB in tissue rejection ratio (TRR) is observed for a chirp sequence insonation compared to tone burst phase inversion for this set of parameters (P les 1e-9). Deconvolution of the linear microbubble response from the received echoes is proposed as a method to recover spatial resolution. The difference in the axial resolution resulting from chirp and three-cycle tone burst insonation is approximately 220 mum. The difference in the mainlobe width between experimental and predicted compressed echoes is less than 20%. The side-lobe amplitude is 9 dB to 16 dB below the mainlobe with a transmitted I SPTA from 0.1 to 6.6 mW/cm 2</description><subject>Acoustic scattering</subject><subject>Acoustic signal processing</subject><subject>Acoustics</subject><subject>Algorithms</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Bursting</subject><subject>Chirp</subject><subject>Contrast agents</subject><subject>Contrast Media</subject><subject>Echoes</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Excitation</subject><subject>Frequency</subject><subject>Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications)</subject><subject>Image Enhancement - methods</subject><subject>Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - methods</subject><subject>Imaging</subject><subject>Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)</subject><subject>Matched filters</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Microbubbles</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Miscellaneous. Technology</subject><subject>Noise levels</subject><subject>Phantoms, Imaging</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted</subject><subject>Signal to noise ratio</subject><subject>Spatial resolution</subject><subject>Sun</subject><subject>Ultrasonic imaging</subject><subject>Ultrasonic investigative techniques</subject><subject>Ultrasonography - instrumentation</subject><subject>Ultrasonography - methods</subject><subject>Wideband</subject><issn>0885-3010</issn><issn>1525-8955</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp90EtLAzEQwPEgitbH1YsgRfBx2Tp5bZKjFKuC4MWeQzadrZF2tyZb1G9vaouCB0855DcT8ifkmMKAUjDXz-PRaDhgAGrAlNwiPSqZLLSRcpv0QGtZcKCwR_ZTegWgQhi2S_ao4kpqRnvkatg2XXSp64e5m4Zm2n8P3Uvfv4S4wEkfP3zoXBfa5pDs1G6W8GhzHpDx6PZ5eF88Pt09DG8eCy-AdYVBo6EsK-CCQw1IcQJKMK3qSmJpKuUrg2XtlKGIBqXXzsmSM86NYkKV_IBcrvcuYvu2xNTZeUgeZzPXYLtMVq_WU9Asy4t_pQJmuJY8w7M_8LVdxib_wupSMCUoFRkN1sjHNqWItV3EnCR-Wgp2ldp-p7ar1DanzgOnm63Lao6TX75pm8H5Brjk3ayOrvEh_TotpVBq9fLJ2gVE_LkWlBueu3wBlEiMPw</recordid><startdate>20070301</startdate><enddate>20070301</enddate><creator>Yang Sun</creator><creator>Kruse, D.E.</creator><creator>Ferrara, K.W.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20070301</creationdate><title>Contrast imaging with chirped excitation</title><author>Yang Sun ; Kruse, D.E. ; Ferrara, K.W.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c402t-9e98066b03430f0e1ed074287fb5e69b7cb9e6fa791ee9e5c8aa5632339724763</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Acoustic scattering</topic><topic>Acoustic signal processing</topic><topic>Acoustics</topic><topic>Algorithms</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Bursting</topic><topic>Chirp</topic><topic>Contrast agents</topic><topic>Contrast Media</topic><topic>Echoes</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Excitation</topic><topic>Frequency</topic><topic>Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications)</topic><topic>Image Enhancement - methods</topic><topic>Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - methods</topic><topic>Imaging</topic><topic>Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)</topic><topic>Matched filters</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Microbubbles</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Miscellaneous. Technology</topic><topic>Noise levels</topic><topic>Phantoms, Imaging</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><topic>Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted</topic><topic>Signal to noise ratio</topic><topic>Spatial resolution</topic><topic>Sun</topic><topic>Ultrasonic imaging</topic><topic>Ultrasonic investigative techniques</topic><topic>Ultrasonography - instrumentation</topic><topic>Ultrasonography - methods</topic><topic>Wideband</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yang Sun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kruse, D.E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferrara, K.W.</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yang Sun</au><au>Kruse, D.E.</au><au>Ferrara, K.W.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Contrast imaging with chirped excitation</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control</jtitle><stitle>T-UFFC</stitle><addtitle>IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control</addtitle><date>2007-03-01</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>54</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>520</spage><epage>529</epage><pages>520-529</pages><issn>0885-3010</issn><eissn>1525-8955</eissn><coden>ITUCER</coden><abstract>Coded excitation has been successfully used in imaging to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and penetration depth. With a contrast agent, wideband signals have been hypothesized to increase the contrast-to-tissue ratio (CTR). However, nonlinear properties of contrast agents make decoding difficult when applying coded excitation to contrast imaging. We propose two chirped excitation methods to image contrast agents, with a mechanical index (MI) ranging from 0.05 to 0.34. In the single chirp method, one chirp is transmitted, followed by a clutter filter to reject tissue echoes, then a matched filter is used to recover range resolution. In the chirp sequence method, an increasing and decreasing chirp sequence is transmitted followed by subtraction of the compressed echoes to reject tissue echoes (assuming tissue is a linear scatterer at low MI). Ten independent acoustic experiments were performed to evaluate the CTR for chirp and tone burst insonation, with the same spatial peak temporal averaged intensity (I SPTA )A significant increase in CTR, ranging from 4 dB to 8 dB, is observed for chirped excitation as compared with tone burst insonation, at an I SPTA of 0.1 and 0.3 mW/cm 2 (P les 5e-3). To achieve the same CTR of 15 dB, the spatial peak pulse averaged intensity (I SPPA ) can be decreased by 6 dB for chirp insonation as compared with tone burst insonation (P < 1e-5). Additionally, an increase of more than 10 dB in tissue rejection ratio (TRR) is observed for a chirp sequence insonation compared to tone burst phase inversion for this set of parameters (P les 1e-9). Deconvolution of the linear microbubble response from the received echoes is proposed as a method to recover spatial resolution. The difference in the axial resolution resulting from chirp and three-cycle tone burst insonation is approximately 220 mum. The difference in the mainlobe width between experimental and predicted compressed echoes is less than 20%. The side-lobe amplitude is 9 dB to 16 dB below the mainlobe with a transmitted I SPTA from 0.1 to 6.6 mW/cm 2</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><pmid>17375821</pmid><doi>10.1109/TUFFC.2007.275</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acoustic scattering Acoustic signal processing Acoustics Algorithms Biological and medical sciences Blood Bursting Chirp Contrast agents Contrast Media Echoes Exact sciences and technology Excitation Frequency Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications) Image Enhancement - methods Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted - methods Imaging Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) Matched filters Medical sciences Microbubbles Microorganisms Miscellaneous. Technology Noise levels Phantoms, Imaging Physics Reproducibility of Results Sensitivity and Specificity Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted Signal to noise ratio Spatial resolution Sun Ultrasonic imaging Ultrasonic investigative techniques Ultrasonography - instrumentation Ultrasonography - methods Wideband |
| title | Contrast imaging with chirped excitation |
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