The Internalising and Externalising Dimensions of Affective Symptoms in Depressed (Unipolar) and Bipolar Patients
Objective: To analyse the internalising and externalising dimensions of affective states in depressed (unipolar) and bipolar patients approximately 2 years after discharge from psychiatric hospitals in Denmark. Method: The 42-item symptom scale based on the Beck Depression Inventory was used for the...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Psychotherapy and psychosomatics 2006-01, Vol.75 (6), p.362-369 |
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| description | Objective: To analyse the internalising and externalising dimensions of affective states in depressed (unipolar) and bipolar patients approximately 2 years after discharge from psychiatric hospitals in Denmark. Method: The 42-item symptom scale based on the Beck Depression Inventory was used for the measurement of both the internalising dimension of affective symptoms (depression including suicidal ideas, anxiety and asthenia) and the externalising dimension (mania). To supplement the latter dimension, the WHO-5 questionnaire was included. These questionnaires were mailed to a large population of patients with depressive (unipolar) or bipolar disorders, representative of patients treated in hospital settings in Denmark, approximately 2 years after discharge from hospital. Results: In total, 244 unipolars and 214 bipolars were included in the study. Mokken analysis showed that depressive (unipolar) patients could be measured more validly than bipolar patients on the internalising subscales of depression, anxiety and asthenia. On the externalising dimension of psychological well-being (WHO-5), both groups of patients could be validly measured. Approximately 2 years after discharge from hospital, around 36% of the unipolars and 19% of the bipolars had a moderate to severe depression. In a control group of healthy subjects, 4% had a moderate to severe depression. Less than 5% even in the bipolar group of patients were hypomanic. Conclusion: Approximately 2 years after discharge from psychiatric hospitals in Denmark, depressive (unipolar) patients scored significantly higher than bipolar patients on the internalising dimension and suicidal ideas, and significantly lower on the externalising dimension of psychological well-being. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1159/000095442 |
| format | Article |
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Method: The 42-item symptom scale based on the Beck Depression Inventory was used for the measurement of both the internalising dimension of affective symptoms (depression including suicidal ideas, anxiety and asthenia) and the externalising dimension (mania). To supplement the latter dimension, the WHO-5 questionnaire was included. These questionnaires were mailed to a large population of patients with depressive (unipolar) or bipolar disorders, representative of patients treated in hospital settings in Denmark, approximately 2 years after discharge from hospital. Results: In total, 244 unipolars and 214 bipolars were included in the study. Mokken analysis showed that depressive (unipolar) patients could be measured more validly than bipolar patients on the internalising subscales of depression, anxiety and asthenia. On the externalising dimension of psychological well-being (WHO-5), both groups of patients could be validly measured. Approximately 2 years after discharge from hospital, around 36% of the unipolars and 19% of the bipolars had a moderate to severe depression. In a control group of healthy subjects, 4% had a moderate to severe depression. Less than 5% even in the bipolar group of patients were hypomanic. Conclusion: Approximately 2 years after discharge from psychiatric hospitals in Denmark, depressive (unipolar) patients scored significantly higher than bipolar patients on the internalising dimension and suicidal ideas, and significantly lower on the externalising dimension of psychological well-being.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0033-3190</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1423-0348</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1159/000095442</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17053337</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PSPSBF</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel, Switzerland: S. Karger AG</publisher><subject>Adult ; Biological and medical sciences ; Bipolar Disorder - diagnosis ; Bipolar Disorder - epidemiology ; Bipolar Disorder - psychology ; Depressive Disorder - diagnosis ; Depressive Disorder - epidemiology ; Depressive Disorder - psychology ; Female ; Humans ; International Classification of Diseases ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Mood Disorders - diagnosis ; Mood Disorders - epidemiology ; Mood Disorders - psychology ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Psychophysiologic Disorders - diagnosis ; Psychophysiologic Disorders - epidemiology ; Psychophysiologic Disorders - psychology ; Quality of Life - psychology ; Regular Article ; Severity of Illness Index ; Social Behavior ; Suicide, Attempted - psychology ; Suicide, Attempted - statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Techniques and methods</subject><ispartof>Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 2006-01, Vol.75 (6), p.362-369</ispartof><rights>2006 S. Karger AG</rights><rights>2006 S. Karger AG, Basel</rights><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright (c) 2006 S. 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Method: The 42-item symptom scale based on the Beck Depression Inventory was used for the measurement of both the internalising dimension of affective symptoms (depression including suicidal ideas, anxiety and asthenia) and the externalising dimension (mania). To supplement the latter dimension, the WHO-5 questionnaire was included. These questionnaires were mailed to a large population of patients with depressive (unipolar) or bipolar disorders, representative of patients treated in hospital settings in Denmark, approximately 2 years after discharge from hospital. Results: In total, 244 unipolars and 214 bipolars were included in the study. Mokken analysis showed that depressive (unipolar) patients could be measured more validly than bipolar patients on the internalising subscales of depression, anxiety and asthenia. On the externalising dimension of psychological well-being (WHO-5), both groups of patients could be validly measured. Approximately 2 years after discharge from hospital, around 36% of the unipolars and 19% of the bipolars had a moderate to severe depression. In a control group of healthy subjects, 4% had a moderate to severe depression. Less than 5% even in the bipolar group of patients were hypomanic. Conclusion: Approximately 2 years after discharge from psychiatric hospitals in Denmark, depressive (unipolar) patients scored significantly higher than bipolar patients on the internalising dimension and suicidal ideas, and significantly lower on the externalising dimension of psychological well-being.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Bipolar Disorder - diagnosis</subject><subject>Bipolar Disorder - epidemiology</subject><subject>Bipolar Disorder - psychology</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - diagnosis</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - epidemiology</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - psychology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>International Classification of Diseases</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mood Disorders - diagnosis</subject><subject>Mood Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Mood Disorders - psychology</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychophysiologic Disorders - diagnosis</subject><subject>Psychophysiologic Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Psychophysiologic Disorders - psychology</subject><subject>Quality of Life - psychology</subject><subject>Regular Article</subject><subject>Severity of Illness Index</subject><subject>Social Behavior</subject><subject>Suicide, Attempted - psychology</subject><subject>Suicide, Attempted - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Techniques and methods</subject><issn>0033-3190</issn><issn>1423-0348</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0c9vFCEUB3BibOy6evBsNMTExh5GYYAZOPaX2qSJJrbnCcNAZZ2BKW-2af_7ss7aNV7kAAE--RLeQ-gVJR8pFeoTyUMJzssnaEF5yQrCuHyKFoQwVjCqyD56DrDKquY1eYb2aU0EY6xeoJvLnxafh8mmoHsPPlxjHTp8dvf3yakfbAAfA-Do8JFz1kz-1uIf98M4xQGwD_jUjskC2A5_uAp-jL1Oh7-jjucN_q4nb8MEL9Ce0z3Yl9t1ia4-n12efC0uvn05Pzm6KAynbCp4W3aWS9q1nBtqhJGyNLwUrnLSGVI5KlwrS11Vbf6IFIKLmrK6ppK2gijCluhgzh1TvFlbmJrBg7F9r4ONa2gqqSTjFfsvLInKtcrTEr37B67ielOlbJjglaqJzOhwRiZFgGRdMyY_6HTfUNJsutU8divbt9vAdTvYbie37cng_RZoMLp3SQfjYedkWSrFNkGvZ_dLp2ubHsGfZ97MtyuY4u6SS0GJqjh7AClgrO0</recordid><startdate>20060101</startdate><enddate>20060101</enddate><creator>Bech, P.</creator><creator>Hansen, H.V.</creator><creator>Kessing, L.V.</creator><general>S. 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Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems</topic><topic>Psychopathology. 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Method: The 42-item symptom scale based on the Beck Depression Inventory was used for the measurement of both the internalising dimension of affective symptoms (depression including suicidal ideas, anxiety and asthenia) and the externalising dimension (mania). To supplement the latter dimension, the WHO-5 questionnaire was included. These questionnaires were mailed to a large population of patients with depressive (unipolar) or bipolar disorders, representative of patients treated in hospital settings in Denmark, approximately 2 years after discharge from hospital. Results: In total, 244 unipolars and 214 bipolars were included in the study. Mokken analysis showed that depressive (unipolar) patients could be measured more validly than bipolar patients on the internalising subscales of depression, anxiety and asthenia. On the externalising dimension of psychological well-being (WHO-5), both groups of patients could be validly measured. Approximately 2 years after discharge from hospital, around 36% of the unipolars and 19% of the bipolars had a moderate to severe depression. In a control group of healthy subjects, 4% had a moderate to severe depression. Less than 5% even in the bipolar group of patients were hypomanic. Conclusion: Approximately 2 years after discharge from psychiatric hospitals in Denmark, depressive (unipolar) patients scored significantly higher than bipolar patients on the internalising dimension and suicidal ideas, and significantly lower on the externalising dimension of psychological well-being.</abstract><cop>Basel, Switzerland</cop><pub>S. Karger AG</pub><pmid>17053337</pmid><doi>10.1159/000095442</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 2006-01, Vol.75 (6), p.362-369 |
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| subjects | Adult Biological and medical sciences Bipolar Disorder - diagnosis Bipolar Disorder - epidemiology Bipolar Disorder - psychology Depressive Disorder - diagnosis Depressive Disorder - epidemiology Depressive Disorder - psychology Female Humans International Classification of Diseases Male Medical sciences Mood Disorders - diagnosis Mood Disorders - epidemiology Mood Disorders - psychology Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems Psychopathology. Psychiatry Psychophysiologic Disorders - diagnosis Psychophysiologic Disorders - epidemiology Psychophysiologic Disorders - psychology Quality of Life - psychology Regular Article Severity of Illness Index Social Behavior Suicide, Attempted - psychology Suicide, Attempted - statistics & numerical data Surveys and Questionnaires Techniques and methods |
| title | The Internalising and Externalising Dimensions of Affective Symptoms in Depressed (Unipolar) and Bipolar Patients |
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