Determining a Diagnostic Dose for Imidacloprid Susceptibility Testing of Field-Collected Isolates of Cat Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)

The susceptibility of four laboratory strains of cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché), to imidacloprid was determined by three different laboratories, by using a standardized bioassay protocol. The probit lines generated by the different laboratories were very similar, with LC50 values ranging...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of medical entomology 2005-07, Vol.42 (4), p.631-636
Hauptverfasser: Rust, M. K., Denholm, I., Dryden, M. W., Payne, P., Blagburn, B. L., Jacobs, D. E., Mencke, N., Schroeder, I., Vaughn, M., Mehlhorn, H., Hinkle, N. C., Williamson, M.
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container_end_page 636
container_issue 4
container_start_page 631
container_title Journal of medical entomology
container_volume 42
creator Rust, M. K.
Denholm, I.
Dryden, M. W.
Payne, P.
Blagburn, B. L.
Jacobs, D. E.
Mencke, N.
Schroeder, I.
Vaughn, M.
Mehlhorn, H.
Hinkle, N. C.
Williamson, M.
description The susceptibility of four laboratory strains of cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché), to imidacloprid was determined by three different laboratories, by using a standardized bioassay protocol. The probit lines generated by the different laboratories were very similar, with LC50 values ranging from 0.32 to 0.81 ppm. Based on these data, a diagnostic dose (DD) of 3 ppm imidacloprid in larval rearing media was provisionally identified for detecting shifts in tolerance, possibly as a consequence of incipient imidacloprid resistance. None of the larvae from the susceptible laboratory strains survived the DD. Eighteen field-collected isolates were evaluated for their susceptibility to imidacloprid and to validate a DD of 3 ppm. Probit lines from 18 field-collected isolates were very similar, with LC50 values ranging from 0.14 to 1.52 ppm. When exposed to the DD, between 3 and 10% of the exposed larvae emerged as adults from only three of the 18 isolates. All other field isolates gave 100% mortality at the DD. Under the criteria established (>5% survivorship at 3 ppm), two isolates would be established on mammalian hosts and more extensive tests conducted to exclude or confirm the presence of resistance. The DD of 3 ppm is robust enough to eliminate most of the susceptible isolates collected until today, yet low enough to identify possible isolates for further testing.
doi_str_mv 10.1603/0022-2585%282005%29042%5B0631%3ADADDFI%5D2.0.CO%3B2
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K. ; Denholm, I. ; Dryden, M. W. ; Payne, P. ; Blagburn, B. L. ; Jacobs, D. E. ; Mencke, N. ; Schroeder, I. ; Vaughn, M. ; Mehlhorn, H. ; Hinkle, N. C. ; Williamson, M.</creator><creatorcontrib>Rust, M. K. ; Denholm, I. ; Dryden, M. W. ; Payne, P. ; Blagburn, B. L. ; Jacobs, D. E. ; Mencke, N. ; Schroeder, I. ; Vaughn, M. ; Mehlhorn, H. ; Hinkle, N. C. ; Williamson, M.</creatorcontrib><description>The susceptibility of four laboratory strains of cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché), to imidacloprid was determined by three different laboratories, by using a standardized bioassay protocol. The probit lines generated by the different laboratories were very similar, with LC50 values ranging from 0.32 to 0.81 ppm. Based on these data, a diagnostic dose (DD) of 3 ppm imidacloprid in larval rearing media was provisionally identified for detecting shifts in tolerance, possibly as a consequence of incipient imidacloprid resistance. None of the larvae from the susceptible laboratory strains survived the DD. Eighteen field-collected isolates were evaluated for their susceptibility to imidacloprid and to validate a DD of 3 ppm. Probit lines from 18 field-collected isolates were very similar, with LC50 values ranging from 0.14 to 1.52 ppm. When exposed to the DD, between 3 and 10% of the exposed larvae emerged as adults from only three of the 18 isolates. All other field isolates gave 100% mortality at the DD. Under the criteria established (&gt;5% survivorship at 3 ppm), two isolates would be established on mammalian hosts and more extensive tests conducted to exclude or confirm the presence of resistance. The DD of 3 ppm is robust enough to eliminate most of the susceptible isolates collected until today, yet low enough to identify possible isolates for further testing.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-2585</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-2928</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585%282005%29042%5B0631%3ADADDFI%5D2.0.CO%3B2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16119552</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JMENA6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Lanham, MD: Entomological Society of America</publisher><subject>Animals ; bioassays ; Biological and medical sciences ; cat fleas ; Cats ; Ctenocephalides felis ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; imidacloprid ; imidacloprid resistance ; Imidazoles - administration &amp; dosage ; Insecta ; Insecticide Resistance ; Insecticides - administration &amp; dosage ; Invertebrates ; Larva ; larvae ; lethal dose 50 ; Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control ; monitoring ; mortality ; Neonicotinoids ; Nitro Compounds ; resistance management ; resistance monitoring ; Siphonaptera ; strains ; toxicity testing ; VECTOR CONTROL, PEST MANAGEMENT, RESISTANCE, REPELLENTS ; Vectors. 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K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Denholm, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dryden, M. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Payne, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blagburn, B. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jacobs, D. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mencke, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schroeder, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vaughn, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mehlhorn, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hinkle, N. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williamson, M.</creatorcontrib><title>Determining a Diagnostic Dose for Imidacloprid Susceptibility Testing of Field-Collected Isolates of Cat Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)</title><title>Journal of medical entomology</title><addtitle>J Med Entomol</addtitle><description>The susceptibility of four laboratory strains of cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché), to imidacloprid was determined by three different laboratories, by using a standardized bioassay protocol. The probit lines generated by the different laboratories were very similar, with LC50 values ranging from 0.32 to 0.81 ppm. Based on these data, a diagnostic dose (DD) of 3 ppm imidacloprid in larval rearing media was provisionally identified for detecting shifts in tolerance, possibly as a consequence of incipient imidacloprid resistance. None of the larvae from the susceptible laboratory strains survived the DD. Eighteen field-collected isolates were evaluated for their susceptibility to imidacloprid and to validate a DD of 3 ppm. Probit lines from 18 field-collected isolates were very similar, with LC50 values ranging from 0.14 to 1.52 ppm. When exposed to the DD, between 3 and 10% of the exposed larvae emerged as adults from only three of the 18 isolates. All other field isolates gave 100% mortality at the DD. Under the criteria established (&gt;5% survivorship at 3 ppm), two isolates would be established on mammalian hosts and more extensive tests conducted to exclude or confirm the presence of resistance. The DD of 3 ppm is robust enough to eliminate most of the susceptible isolates collected until today, yet low enough to identify possible isolates for further testing.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>bioassays</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>cat fleas</subject><subject>Cats</subject><subject>Ctenocephalides felis</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>imidacloprid</subject><subject>imidacloprid resistance</subject><subject>Imidazoles - administration &amp; dosage</subject><subject>Insecta</subject><subject>Insecticide Resistance</subject><subject>Insecticides - administration &amp; dosage</subject><subject>Invertebrates</subject><subject>Larva</subject><subject>larvae</subject><subject>lethal dose 50</subject><subject>Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control</subject><subject>monitoring</subject><subject>mortality</subject><subject>Neonicotinoids</subject><subject>Nitro Compounds</subject><subject>resistance management</subject><subject>resistance monitoring</subject><subject>Siphonaptera</subject><subject>strains</subject><subject>toxicity testing</subject><subject>VECTOR CONTROL, PEST MANAGEMENT, RESISTANCE, REPELLENTS</subject><subject>Vectors. 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The probit lines generated by the different laboratories were very similar, with LC50 values ranging from 0.32 to 0.81 ppm. Based on these data, a diagnostic dose (DD) of 3 ppm imidacloprid in larval rearing media was provisionally identified for detecting shifts in tolerance, possibly as a consequence of incipient imidacloprid resistance. None of the larvae from the susceptible laboratory strains survived the DD. Eighteen field-collected isolates were evaluated for their susceptibility to imidacloprid and to validate a DD of 3 ppm. Probit lines from 18 field-collected isolates were very similar, with LC50 values ranging from 0.14 to 1.52 ppm. When exposed to the DD, between 3 and 10% of the exposed larvae emerged as adults from only three of the 18 isolates. All other field isolates gave 100% mortality at the DD. Under the criteria established (&gt;5% survivorship at 3 ppm), two isolates would be established on mammalian hosts and more extensive tests conducted to exclude or confirm the presence of resistance. The DD of 3 ppm is robust enough to eliminate most of the susceptible isolates collected until today, yet low enough to identify possible isolates for further testing.</abstract><cop>Lanham, MD</cop><pub>Entomological Society of America</pub><pmid>16119552</pmid><doi>10.1603/0022-2585%282005%29042%5B0631%3ADADDFI%5D2.0.CO%3B2</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Animals
bioassays
Biological and medical sciences
cat fleas
Cats
Ctenocephalides felis
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
imidacloprid
imidacloprid resistance
Imidazoles - administration & dosage
Insecta
Insecticide Resistance
Insecticides - administration & dosage
Invertebrates
Larva
larvae
lethal dose 50
Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control
monitoring
mortality
Neonicotinoids
Nitro Compounds
resistance management
resistance monitoring
Siphonaptera
strains
toxicity testing
VECTOR CONTROL, PEST MANAGEMENT, RESISTANCE, REPELLENTS
Vectors. Intermediate hosts
title Determining a Diagnostic Dose for Imidacloprid Susceptibility Testing of Field-Collected Isolates of Cat Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)
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