Determining a Diagnostic Dose for Imidacloprid Susceptibility Testing of Field-Collected Isolates of Cat Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)
The susceptibility of four laboratory strains of cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché), to imidacloprid was determined by three different laboratories, by using a standardized bioassay protocol. The probit lines generated by the different laboratories were very similar, with LC50 values ranging...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of medical entomology 2005-07, Vol.42 (4), p.631-636 |
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creator | Rust, M. K. Denholm, I. Dryden, M. W. Payne, P. Blagburn, B. L. Jacobs, D. E. Mencke, N. Schroeder, I. Vaughn, M. Mehlhorn, H. Hinkle, N. C. Williamson, M. |
description | The susceptibility of four laboratory strains of cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché), to imidacloprid was determined by three different laboratories, by using a standardized bioassay protocol. The probit lines generated by the different laboratories were very similar, with LC50 values ranging from 0.32 to 0.81 ppm. Based on these data, a diagnostic dose (DD) of 3 ppm imidacloprid in larval rearing media was provisionally identified for detecting shifts in tolerance, possibly as a consequence of incipient imidacloprid resistance. None of the larvae from the susceptible laboratory strains survived the DD. Eighteen field-collected isolates were evaluated for their susceptibility to imidacloprid and to validate a DD of 3 ppm. Probit lines from 18 field-collected isolates were very similar, with LC50 values ranging from 0.14 to 1.52 ppm. When exposed to the DD, between 3 and 10% of the exposed larvae emerged as adults from only three of the 18 isolates. All other field isolates gave 100% mortality at the DD. Under the criteria established (>5% survivorship at 3 ppm), two isolates would be established on mammalian hosts and more extensive tests conducted to exclude or confirm the presence of resistance. The DD of 3 ppm is robust enough to eliminate most of the susceptible isolates collected until today, yet low enough to identify possible isolates for further testing. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1603/0022-2585%282005%29042%5B0631%3ADADDFI%5D2.0.CO%3B2 |
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K. ; Denholm, I. ; Dryden, M. W. ; Payne, P. ; Blagburn, B. L. ; Jacobs, D. E. ; Mencke, N. ; Schroeder, I. ; Vaughn, M. ; Mehlhorn, H. ; Hinkle, N. C. ; Williamson, M.</creator><creatorcontrib>Rust, M. K. ; Denholm, I. ; Dryden, M. W. ; Payne, P. ; Blagburn, B. L. ; Jacobs, D. E. ; Mencke, N. ; Schroeder, I. ; Vaughn, M. ; Mehlhorn, H. ; Hinkle, N. C. ; Williamson, M.</creatorcontrib><description>The susceptibility of four laboratory strains of cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché), to imidacloprid was determined by three different laboratories, by using a standardized bioassay protocol. The probit lines generated by the different laboratories were very similar, with LC50 values ranging from 0.32 to 0.81 ppm. Based on these data, a diagnostic dose (DD) of 3 ppm imidacloprid in larval rearing media was provisionally identified for detecting shifts in tolerance, possibly as a consequence of incipient imidacloprid resistance. None of the larvae from the susceptible laboratory strains survived the DD. Eighteen field-collected isolates were evaluated for their susceptibility to imidacloprid and to validate a DD of 3 ppm. Probit lines from 18 field-collected isolates were very similar, with LC50 values ranging from 0.14 to 1.52 ppm. When exposed to the DD, between 3 and 10% of the exposed larvae emerged as adults from only three of the 18 isolates. All other field isolates gave 100% mortality at the DD. Under the criteria established (>5% survivorship at 3 ppm), two isolates would be established on mammalian hosts and more extensive tests conducted to exclude or confirm the presence of resistance. The DD of 3 ppm is robust enough to eliminate most of the susceptible isolates collected until today, yet low enough to identify possible isolates for further testing.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-2585</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-2928</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585%282005%29042%5B0631%3ADADDFI%5D2.0.CO%3B2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16119552</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JMENA6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Lanham, MD: Entomological Society of America</publisher><subject>Animals ; bioassays ; Biological and medical sciences ; cat fleas ; Cats ; Ctenocephalides felis ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; imidacloprid ; imidacloprid resistance ; Imidazoles - administration & dosage ; Insecta ; Insecticide Resistance ; Insecticides - administration & dosage ; Invertebrates ; Larva ; larvae ; lethal dose 50 ; Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control ; monitoring ; mortality ; Neonicotinoids ; Nitro Compounds ; resistance management ; resistance monitoring ; Siphonaptera ; strains ; toxicity testing ; VECTOR CONTROL, PEST MANAGEMENT, RESISTANCE, REPELLENTS ; Vectors. Intermediate hosts</subject><ispartof>Journal of medical entomology, 2005-07, Vol.42 (4), p.631-636</ispartof><rights>Entomological Society of America</rights><rights>2005 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://bioone.org/doi/pdf/10.1603/0022-2585%282005%29042%5B0631%3ADADDFI%5D2.0.CO%3B2$$EPDF$$P50$$Gbioone$$H</linktopdf><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,26955,27901,27902,52338</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=16947999$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16119552$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rust, M. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Denholm, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dryden, M. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Payne, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blagburn, B. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jacobs, D. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mencke, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schroeder, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vaughn, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mehlhorn, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hinkle, N. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williamson, M.</creatorcontrib><title>Determining a Diagnostic Dose for Imidacloprid Susceptibility Testing of Field-Collected Isolates of Cat Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)</title><title>Journal of medical entomology</title><addtitle>J Med Entomol</addtitle><description>The susceptibility of four laboratory strains of cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché), to imidacloprid was determined by three different laboratories, by using a standardized bioassay protocol. The probit lines generated by the different laboratories were very similar, with LC50 values ranging from 0.32 to 0.81 ppm. Based on these data, a diagnostic dose (DD) of 3 ppm imidacloprid in larval rearing media was provisionally identified for detecting shifts in tolerance, possibly as a consequence of incipient imidacloprid resistance. None of the larvae from the susceptible laboratory strains survived the DD. Eighteen field-collected isolates were evaluated for their susceptibility to imidacloprid and to validate a DD of 3 ppm. Probit lines from 18 field-collected isolates were very similar, with LC50 values ranging from 0.14 to 1.52 ppm. When exposed to the DD, between 3 and 10% of the exposed larvae emerged as adults from only three of the 18 isolates. All other field isolates gave 100% mortality at the DD. Under the criteria established (>5% survivorship at 3 ppm), two isolates would be established on mammalian hosts and more extensive tests conducted to exclude or confirm the presence of resistance. The DD of 3 ppm is robust enough to eliminate most of the susceptible isolates collected until today, yet low enough to identify possible isolates for further testing.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>bioassays</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>cat fleas</subject><subject>Cats</subject><subject>Ctenocephalides felis</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>imidacloprid</subject><subject>imidacloprid resistance</subject><subject>Imidazoles - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Insecta</subject><subject>Insecticide Resistance</subject><subject>Insecticides - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Invertebrates</subject><subject>Larva</subject><subject>larvae</subject><subject>lethal dose 50</subject><subject>Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control</subject><subject>monitoring</subject><subject>mortality</subject><subject>Neonicotinoids</subject><subject>Nitro Compounds</subject><subject>resistance management</subject><subject>resistance monitoring</subject><subject>Siphonaptera</subject><subject>strains</subject><subject>toxicity testing</subject><subject>VECTOR CONTROL, PEST MANAGEMENT, RESISTANCE, REPELLENTS</subject><subject>Vectors. Intermediate hosts</subject><issn>0022-2585</issn><issn>1938-2928</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpNkcFu1DAQhi0EotvCK4AvkeCQxR5vsjE9bRMWVqq0oG3P1sRxFiNvHMXZQ9-Ax8ZpWuA0h_nmt2c-Qq45W_KciU-MAaSQFVkCBTAWi2QrSLIblgueiE21qartLskqWLJluU_EDbwgCy5FkYKE4iVZ_E24IJch_GKMFXwlX5MLnnMuswwW5HdlRjOcbGe7I0VaWTx2PoxW08oHQ1s_0N3JNqid7wfb0MM5aNOPtrbOjg_0zkQ2TvqWbq1xTVp654weTUN3wTscTZh6JY506wwG-uFg-5--wz6-ip_p97OzOsabj2_IqxZdMG-f6hW53365K7-lt_uvu3Jzm9aQwZjmGiWCaDNRQC6zujEt4KrJtWgEIqDURR63bkDWrUaQnLfrYh3_zxDywkhxRd7Nuf25PplGxa1OODyo55NEIHkCMGh07YCdtuE_Tq7WUk5B72euRa_wOETm_gCMC8ajJmAiEj9morbed-ZfBFOTYDXpUZMeNQtWj4LVLFg9C1ZRsGKq3KsoWPwBxfqZaA</recordid><startdate>200507</startdate><enddate>200507</enddate><creator>Rust, M. K.</creator><creator>Denholm, I.</creator><creator>Dryden, M. W.</creator><creator>Payne, P.</creator><creator>Blagburn, B. L.</creator><creator>Jacobs, D. E.</creator><creator>Mencke, N.</creator><creator>Schroeder, I.</creator><creator>Vaughn, M.</creator><creator>Mehlhorn, H.</creator><creator>Hinkle, N. C.</creator><creator>Williamson, M.</creator><general>Entomological Society of America</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200507</creationdate><title>Determining a Diagnostic Dose for Imidacloprid Susceptibility Testing of Field-Collected Isolates of Cat Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)</title><author>Rust, M. K. ; Denholm, I. ; Dryden, M. W. ; Payne, P. ; Blagburn, B. L. ; Jacobs, D. E. ; Mencke, N. ; Schroeder, I. ; Vaughn, M. ; Mehlhorn, H. ; Hinkle, N. 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Psychology</topic><topic>imidacloprid</topic><topic>imidacloprid resistance</topic><topic>Imidazoles - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Insecta</topic><topic>Insecticide Resistance</topic><topic>Insecticides - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Invertebrates</topic><topic>Larva</topic><topic>larvae</topic><topic>lethal dose 50</topic><topic>Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control</topic><topic>monitoring</topic><topic>mortality</topic><topic>Neonicotinoids</topic><topic>Nitro Compounds</topic><topic>resistance management</topic><topic>resistance monitoring</topic><topic>Siphonaptera</topic><topic>strains</topic><topic>toxicity testing</topic><topic>VECTOR CONTROL, PEST MANAGEMENT, RESISTANCE, REPELLENTS</topic><topic>Vectors. Intermediate hosts</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rust, M. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Denholm, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dryden, M. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Payne, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Blagburn, B. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jacobs, D. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mencke, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schroeder, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vaughn, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mehlhorn, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hinkle, N. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williamson, M.</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><jtitle>Journal of medical entomology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rust, M. K.</au><au>Denholm, I.</au><au>Dryden, M. W.</au><au>Payne, P.</au><au>Blagburn, B. L.</au><au>Jacobs, D. E.</au><au>Mencke, N.</au><au>Schroeder, I.</au><au>Vaughn, M.</au><au>Mehlhorn, H.</au><au>Hinkle, N. C.</au><au>Williamson, M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Determining a Diagnostic Dose for Imidacloprid Susceptibility Testing of Field-Collected Isolates of Cat Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)</atitle><jtitle>Journal of medical entomology</jtitle><addtitle>J Med Entomol</addtitle><date>2005-07</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>42</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>631</spage><epage>636</epage><pages>631-636</pages><issn>0022-2585</issn><eissn>1938-2928</eissn><coden>JMENA6</coden><abstract>The susceptibility of four laboratory strains of cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché), to imidacloprid was determined by three different laboratories, by using a standardized bioassay protocol. The probit lines generated by the different laboratories were very similar, with LC50 values ranging from 0.32 to 0.81 ppm. Based on these data, a diagnostic dose (DD) of 3 ppm imidacloprid in larval rearing media was provisionally identified for detecting shifts in tolerance, possibly as a consequence of incipient imidacloprid resistance. None of the larvae from the susceptible laboratory strains survived the DD. Eighteen field-collected isolates were evaluated for their susceptibility to imidacloprid and to validate a DD of 3 ppm. Probit lines from 18 field-collected isolates were very similar, with LC50 values ranging from 0.14 to 1.52 ppm. When exposed to the DD, between 3 and 10% of the exposed larvae emerged as adults from only three of the 18 isolates. All other field isolates gave 100% mortality at the DD. Under the criteria established (>5% survivorship at 3 ppm), two isolates would be established on mammalian hosts and more extensive tests conducted to exclude or confirm the presence of resistance. The DD of 3 ppm is robust enough to eliminate most of the susceptible isolates collected until today, yet low enough to identify possible isolates for further testing.</abstract><cop>Lanham, MD</cop><pub>Entomological Society of America</pub><pmid>16119552</pmid><doi>10.1603/0022-2585%282005%29042%5B0631%3ADADDFI%5D2.0.CO%3B2</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals bioassays Biological and medical sciences cat fleas Cats Ctenocephalides felis Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology imidacloprid imidacloprid resistance Imidazoles - administration & dosage Insecta Insecticide Resistance Insecticides - administration & dosage Invertebrates Larva larvae lethal dose 50 Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control monitoring mortality Neonicotinoids Nitro Compounds resistance management resistance monitoring Siphonaptera strains toxicity testing VECTOR CONTROL, PEST MANAGEMENT, RESISTANCE, REPELLENTS Vectors. Intermediate hosts |
title | Determining a Diagnostic Dose for Imidacloprid Susceptibility Testing of Field-Collected Isolates of Cat Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) |
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