TNFalpha potently activates osteoclasts, through a direct action independent of and strongly synergistic with RANKL

TNFalpha is pivotal to the pathogenesis of inflammatory and possibly postmenopausal osteolysis. Much recent work has clarified mechanisms by which TNFalpha promotes osteoclastogenesis, but the means by which it activates osteoclasts to resorb bone remain uncertain. We found that very low concentrati...

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