Effect of load on preferred speed and cost of transport
Equine Research Center and Departments of Animal and Veterinary Sciences and Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California 91768 Horses have a tendency to utilize a relatively narrow set of speeds near the middle of a much broader range they are capable of using wi...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of applied physiology (1985) 2001-04, Vol.90 (4), p.1548-1551 |
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container_title | Journal of applied physiology (1985) |
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creator | Wickler, S. J Hoyt, D. F Cogger, E. A Hall, K. M |
description | Equine Research Center and Departments of Animal and Veterinary
Sciences and Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic
University, Pomona, California 91768
Horses
have a tendency to utilize a relatively narrow set of speeds near the
middle of a much broader range they are capable of using within a
particular gait, i.e., a preferred speed. Possible explanations
for this behavior include minimizing musculoskeletal stresses and
maximizing metabolic economy. If metabolic economy (cost of transport,
C T ) and preferred speeds are linked, then shifts in
C T should produce shifts in preferred speed. To test this
hypothesis, preferred speed was measured in trotting horses ( n = 7) unloaded on the level and loaded with 19% of
their body weight on the level. The preferred speed on the level was
3.33 ± 0.09 (SE) m/s, and this decreased to 3.13 ± 0.11 m/s
when loaded. In both conditions (no load and load), the rate of
O 2 consumption ( n = 3) was a curvilinear
function of speed that produced a minimum C T (i.e., speed
at which trotting is most economical). When unloaded, the speed at
which C T was minimum was very near the preferred speed.
With a load, C T decreased and the minimum was also near the
preferred speed of horses while carrying a load.
metabolism; oxygen consumption; equine; horse |
doi_str_mv | 10.1152/jappl.2001.90.4.1548 |
format | Article |
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Sciences and Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic
University, Pomona, California 91768
Horses
have a tendency to utilize a relatively narrow set of speeds near the
middle of a much broader range they are capable of using within a
particular gait, i.e., a preferred speed. Possible explanations
for this behavior include minimizing musculoskeletal stresses and
maximizing metabolic economy. If metabolic economy (cost of transport,
C T ) and preferred speeds are linked, then shifts in
C T should produce shifts in preferred speed. To test this
hypothesis, preferred speed was measured in trotting horses ( n = 7) unloaded on the level and loaded with 19% of
their body weight on the level. The preferred speed on the level was
3.33 ± 0.09 (SE) m/s, and this decreased to 3.13 ± 0.11 m/s
when loaded. In both conditions (no load and load), the rate of
O 2 consumption ( n = 3) was a curvilinear
function of speed that produced a minimum C T (i.e., speed
at which trotting is most economical). When unloaded, the speed at
which C T was minimum was very near the preferred speed.
With a load, C T decreased and the minimum was also near the
preferred speed of horses while carrying a load.
metabolism; oxygen consumption; equine; horse</description><identifier>ISSN: 8750-7587</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1522-1601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2001.90.4.1548</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11247958</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JAPHEV</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bethesda, MD: Am Physiological Soc</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Body Weight - physiology ; Energy Metabolism - physiology ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Horses ; Horses - physiology ; Male ; Metabolism ; Oxygen ; Oxygen Consumption - physiology ; Running - physiology ; Velocity ; Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports ; Weight-Bearing - physiology</subject><ispartof>Journal of applied physiology (1985), 2001-04, Vol.90 (4), p.1548-1551</ispartof><rights>2001 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Physiological Society Apr 2001</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c437t-f53ba031288943ac862e9fb77e1d7c4f9daad0caba2322dedb541d9bb065b97a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c437t-f53ba031288943ac862e9fb77e1d7c4f9daad0caba2322dedb541d9bb065b97a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3039,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1056269$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11247958$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wickler, S. J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoyt, D. F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cogger, E. A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hall, K. M</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of load on preferred speed and cost of transport</title><title>Journal of applied physiology (1985)</title><addtitle>J Appl Physiol (1985)</addtitle><description>Equine Research Center and Departments of Animal and Veterinary
Sciences and Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic
University, Pomona, California 91768
Horses
have a tendency to utilize a relatively narrow set of speeds near the
middle of a much broader range they are capable of using within a
particular gait, i.e., a preferred speed. Possible explanations
for this behavior include minimizing musculoskeletal stresses and
maximizing metabolic economy. If metabolic economy (cost of transport,
C T ) and preferred speeds are linked, then shifts in
C T should produce shifts in preferred speed. To test this
hypothesis, preferred speed was measured in trotting horses ( n = 7) unloaded on the level and loaded with 19% of
their body weight on the level. The preferred speed on the level was
3.33 ± 0.09 (SE) m/s, and this decreased to 3.13 ± 0.11 m/s
when loaded. In both conditions (no load and load), the rate of
O 2 consumption ( n = 3) was a curvilinear
function of speed that produced a minimum C T (i.e., speed
at which trotting is most economical). When unloaded, the speed at
which C T was minimum was very near the preferred speed.
With a load, C T decreased and the minimum was also near the
preferred speed of horses while carrying a load.
metabolism; oxygen consumption; equine; horse</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Body Weight - physiology</subject><subject>Energy Metabolism - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Horses</subject><subject>Horses - physiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Oxygen</subject><subject>Oxygen Consumption - physiology</subject><subject>Running - physiology</subject><subject>Velocity</subject><subject>Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports</subject><subject>Weight-Bearing - physiology</subject><issn>8750-7587</issn><issn>1522-1601</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2001</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kEtL7DAYhoMoOl7-gRyKiLhpTdKkaZYi3kBwo-uQ5uJ0yDQ5SYvOvzejg4rgJlnkeb_vzQPAMYIVQhRfLGQIrsIQoorDilSIknYLzPITLlED0TaYtYzCktGW7YH9lBYZJYSiXbCHECaM03YG2LW1Ro2Ft4XzUhd-KEI01sRodJGCyaccdKF8-mDGKIcUfBwPwY6VLpmjzX0Anm-un67uyofH2_ury4dSkZqNpaV1J2GNcNtyUkvVNthw2zFmkGaKWK6l1FDJTuIaY210RwnSvOtgQzvOZH0Azj7nhuj_TyaNYtknZZyTg_FTEqzhrG55k8GTX-DCT3HI3QTGGPG6YShD5BNS0aeU_ylC7JcyrgSCYm1VfFgVa6uCQ0HE2mqO_dvMnrql0d-hjcYMnG4AmZR0NltSffoxnDa44d_r5_3L_LWPRoT5KvXe-ZeVuJmcezJv47rC12oRtM2x879jmf7R9B1-NqEy</recordid><startdate>20010401</startdate><enddate>20010401</enddate><creator>Wickler, S. J</creator><creator>Hoyt, D. F</creator><creator>Cogger, E. A</creator><creator>Hall, K. M</creator><general>Am Physiological Soc</general><general>American Physiological Society</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20010401</creationdate><title>Effect of load on preferred speed and cost of transport</title><author>Wickler, S. J ; Hoyt, D. F ; Cogger, E. A ; Hall, K. M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c437t-f53ba031288943ac862e9fb77e1d7c4f9daad0caba2322dedb541d9bb065b97a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2001</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Body Weight - physiology</topic><topic>Energy Metabolism - physiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Horses</topic><topic>Horses - physiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Oxygen</topic><topic>Oxygen Consumption - physiology</topic><topic>Running - physiology</topic><topic>Velocity</topic><topic>Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports</topic><topic>Weight-Bearing - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wickler, S. J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoyt, D. F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cogger, E. A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hall, K. M</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of applied physiology (1985)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wickler, S. J</au><au>Hoyt, D. F</au><au>Cogger, E. A</au><au>Hall, K. M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of load on preferred speed and cost of transport</atitle><jtitle>Journal of applied physiology (1985)</jtitle><addtitle>J Appl Physiol (1985)</addtitle><date>2001-04-01</date><risdate>2001</risdate><volume>90</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1548</spage><epage>1551</epage><pages>1548-1551</pages><issn>8750-7587</issn><eissn>1522-1601</eissn><coden>JAPHEV</coden><abstract>Equine Research Center and Departments of Animal and Veterinary
Sciences and Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic
University, Pomona, California 91768
Horses
have a tendency to utilize a relatively narrow set of speeds near the
middle of a much broader range they are capable of using within a
particular gait, i.e., a preferred speed. Possible explanations
for this behavior include minimizing musculoskeletal stresses and
maximizing metabolic economy. If metabolic economy (cost of transport,
C T ) and preferred speeds are linked, then shifts in
C T should produce shifts in preferred speed. To test this
hypothesis, preferred speed was measured in trotting horses ( n = 7) unloaded on the level and loaded with 19% of
their body weight on the level. The preferred speed on the level was
3.33 ± 0.09 (SE) m/s, and this decreased to 3.13 ± 0.11 m/s
when loaded. In both conditions (no load and load), the rate of
O 2 consumption ( n = 3) was a curvilinear
function of speed that produced a minimum C T (i.e., speed
at which trotting is most economical). When unloaded, the speed at
which C T was minimum was very near the preferred speed.
With a load, C T decreased and the minimum was also near the
preferred speed of horses while carrying a load.
metabolism; oxygen consumption; equine; horse</abstract><cop>Bethesda, MD</cop><pub>Am Physiological Soc</pub><pmid>11247958</pmid><doi>10.1152/jappl.2001.90.4.1548</doi><tpages>4</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | MEDLINE; American Physiological Society Paid; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
subjects | Animals Biological and medical sciences Body Weight - physiology Energy Metabolism - physiology Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Horses Horses - physiology Male Metabolism Oxygen Oxygen Consumption - physiology Running - physiology Velocity Vertebrates: body movement. Posture. Locomotion. Flight. Swimming. Physical exercise. Rest. Sports Weight-Bearing - physiology |
title | Effect of load on preferred speed and cost of transport |
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