Investigating the dependence of BOLD contrast on oxidative metabolism
Most functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies are based on measuring the changes in the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast that arise from a complex interplay between cerebral hemodynamics and oxidative metabolism. To separate these effects, we consecutively applied two di...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Magnetic resonance in medicine 1999-03, Vol.41 (3), p.537 |
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| creator | Schwarzbauer, C Heinke, W |
| description | Most functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies are based on measuring the changes in the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast that arise from a complex interplay between cerebral hemodynamics and oxidative metabolism. To separate these effects, we consecutively applied two different stimuli: visual stimulation (black/white checkerboard alternating with a frequency of 8 Hz) and hypercapnia (inspiration of 5% CO2). Changes in cerebral blood flow (deltaCBF) and the effective transverse relaxation time (T2*) were measured in an interleaved manner by combining a previously described spin-labeling technique with BOLD-based fMRI. In six healthy volunteers, T2* was significantly longer during hypercapnia than during visual stimulation, whereas the corresponding deltaCBF values were the same at the given level of significance (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199903)41:3<537::AID-MRM16>3.3.CO;2-M |
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To separate these effects, we consecutively applied two different stimuli: visual stimulation (black/white checkerboard alternating with a frequency of 8 Hz) and hypercapnia (inspiration of 5% CO2). Changes in cerebral blood flow (deltaCBF) and the effective transverse relaxation time (T2*) were measured in an interleaved manner by combining a previously described spin-labeling technique with BOLD-based fMRI. In six healthy volunteers, T2* was significantly longer during hypercapnia than during visual stimulation, whereas the corresponding deltaCBF values were the same at the given level of significance (P<0.01). This finding is explained by a significant increase in oxygen consumption under visual stimulation. The average T2* changes in the visual cortex related to cerebral hemodynamics and oxidative metabolism were 10.6+/-3.0% and -4.7+/-1.2%, respectively, resulting in a net increase of 5.9+/-2.3%. Although the hemodynamic effect is dominant, the increase in oxidative metabolism gives rise to a significant decrease in BOLD contrast. The calculated average change in the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), 4.4+/-1.1% (N = 6), is in excellent agreement with previous results obtained by positron emission tomography.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0740-3194</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199903)41:3<537::AID-MRM16>3.3.CO;2-M</identifier><identifier>PMID: 10204877</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States</publisher><subject>Blood Volume ; Brain Mapping - methods ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Models, Neurological ; Oxygen Consumption - physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Reference Values ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Visual Cortex - anatomy & histology ; Visual Cortex - physiology</subject><ispartof>Magnetic resonance in medicine, 1999-03, Vol.41 (3), p.537</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10204877$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Schwarzbauer, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heinke, W</creatorcontrib><title>Investigating the dependence of BOLD contrast on oxidative metabolism</title><title>Magnetic resonance in medicine</title><addtitle>Magn Reson Med</addtitle><description>Most functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies are based on measuring the changes in the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast that arise from a complex interplay between cerebral hemodynamics and oxidative metabolism. To separate these effects, we consecutively applied two different stimuli: visual stimulation (black/white checkerboard alternating with a frequency of 8 Hz) and hypercapnia (inspiration of 5% CO2). Changes in cerebral blood flow (deltaCBF) and the effective transverse relaxation time (T2*) were measured in an interleaved manner by combining a previously described spin-labeling technique with BOLD-based fMRI. In six healthy volunteers, T2* was significantly longer during hypercapnia than during visual stimulation, whereas the corresponding deltaCBF values were the same at the given level of significance (P<0.01). This finding is explained by a significant increase in oxygen consumption under visual stimulation. The average T2* changes in the visual cortex related to cerebral hemodynamics and oxidative metabolism were 10.6+/-3.0% and -4.7+/-1.2%, respectively, resulting in a net increase of 5.9+/-2.3%. Although the hemodynamic effect is dominant, the increase in oxidative metabolism gives rise to a significant decrease in BOLD contrast. The calculated average change in the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), 4.4+/-1.1% (N = 6), is in excellent agreement with previous results obtained by positron emission tomography.</description><subject>Blood Volume</subject><subject>Brain Mapping - methods</subject><subject>Cerebrovascular Circulation</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods</subject><subject>Models, Cardiovascular</subject><subject>Models, Neurological</subject><subject>Oxygen Consumption - physiology</subject><subject>Photic Stimulation</subject><subject>Reference Values</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>Visual Cortex - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Visual Cortex - physiology</subject><issn>0740-3194</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1999</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNo1j0lLAzEYQHNQbK3-BcmxPaR-SSaTpC5Qp1UHZii4nEuapY50Fjqx6L9XUE_v8njwELqhMKUA7HL8nGf5hArGCBM6GVOtNfBJQmf8WnA5m83zBSmfSpre8imfZqsrRsojNASZAOFUJwN02vfvAKC1TE7QgAKDREk5RMu8Ofg-VlsTq2aL45vHzne-cb6xHrcB362KBbZtE_emj7htcPtZuR_54HHto9m0u6qvz9BxMLven_9xhF7vly_ZIylWD3k2L0hHlYhEKvBik3JljeKWqTQ1PPDgrTDB0BAYBA2pUkJ6AYI7y4TVzgSX6kAt1XyELn673cem9m7d7ava7L_W_z_8G6K1VAA</recordid><startdate>199903</startdate><enddate>199903</enddate><creator>Schwarzbauer, C</creator><creator>Heinke, W</creator><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>199903</creationdate><title>Investigating the dependence of BOLD contrast on oxidative metabolism</title><author>Schwarzbauer, C ; Heinke, W</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-p185t-780e5b638ca83c2866a3f3fec5afa1ff20f9068857e5053dc25c9dafd69f1c193</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1999</creationdate><topic>Blood Volume</topic><topic>Brain Mapping - methods</topic><topic>Cerebrovascular Circulation</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods</topic><topic>Models, Cardiovascular</topic><topic>Models, Neurological</topic><topic>Oxygen Consumption - physiology</topic><topic>Photic Stimulation</topic><topic>Reference Values</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><topic>Visual Cortex - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Visual Cortex - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Schwarzbauer, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heinke, W</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><jtitle>Magnetic resonance in medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Schwarzbauer, C</au><au>Heinke, W</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Investigating the dependence of BOLD contrast on oxidative metabolism</atitle><jtitle>Magnetic resonance in medicine</jtitle><addtitle>Magn Reson Med</addtitle><date>1999-03</date><risdate>1999</risdate><volume>41</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>537</spage><pages>537-</pages><issn>0740-3194</issn><abstract>Most functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies are based on measuring the changes in the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast that arise from a complex interplay between cerebral hemodynamics and oxidative metabolism. To separate these effects, we consecutively applied two different stimuli: visual stimulation (black/white checkerboard alternating with a frequency of 8 Hz) and hypercapnia (inspiration of 5% CO2). Changes in cerebral blood flow (deltaCBF) and the effective transverse relaxation time (T2*) were measured in an interleaved manner by combining a previously described spin-labeling technique with BOLD-based fMRI. In six healthy volunteers, T2* was significantly longer during hypercapnia than during visual stimulation, whereas the corresponding deltaCBF values were the same at the given level of significance (P<0.01). This finding is explained by a significant increase in oxygen consumption under visual stimulation. The average T2* changes in the visual cortex related to cerebral hemodynamics and oxidative metabolism were 10.6+/-3.0% and -4.7+/-1.2%, respectively, resulting in a net increase of 5.9+/-2.3%. Although the hemodynamic effect is dominant, the increase in oxidative metabolism gives rise to a significant decrease in BOLD contrast. The calculated average change in the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), 4.4+/-1.1% (N = 6), is in excellent agreement with previous results obtained by positron emission tomography.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pmid>10204877</pmid><doi>10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199903)41:3<537::AID-MRM16>3.3.CO;2-M</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Blood Volume Brain Mapping - methods Cerebrovascular Circulation Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Models, Cardiovascular Models, Neurological Oxygen Consumption - physiology Photic Stimulation Reference Values Sensitivity and Specificity Visual Cortex - anatomy & histology Visual Cortex - physiology |
| title | Investigating the dependence of BOLD contrast on oxidative metabolism |
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