Salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol responsiveness following electrical stimulation stress in panic disorder patients
► We examined salivary α-amylase (sAA) and cortisol levels in panic disorder. ► We used the electrical stimulation stress in patients with panic disorder. ► SAA levels were significantly elevated both before and after electrical stimulation. ► These results suggest that sAA might be a useful biologi...
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| creator | Tanaka, Yoshihiro Ishitobi, Yoshinobu Maruyama, Yoshihiro Kawano, Aimi Ando, Tomoko Imanaga, Junko Okamoto, Shizuko Kanehisa, Masayuki Higuma, Haruka Ninomiya, Taiga Tsuru, Jusen Hanada, Hiroaki Isogawa, Koichi Akiyoshi, Jotaro |
| description | ► We examined salivary α-amylase (sAA) and cortisol levels in panic disorder. ► We used the electrical stimulation stress in patients with panic disorder. ► SAA levels were significantly elevated both before and after electrical stimulation. ► These results suggest that sAA might be a useful biological marker of panic disorder.
Psychosocial stress-induced activation of salivary α-amylase (sAA) functions is as a marker of sympathoadrenal medullary system (SAM) activity. However, in contrast to salivary cortisol, sAA has been less extensively studied in panic disorder patients. The present study measured sAA and salivary cortisol levels in patients with panic disorder following electrical stimulation stress. The authors determined Profile of Mood State (POMS) scores and State-Trait anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores, heart rate variability (HRV), and levels of sAA and salivary cortisol in 34 patients with panic disorder and 41 healthy volunteers following the application of electrical stimulation stress. 34 alprazolam-treated patients with panic disorder were divided into non-responder and responder group. Vigor scores in patients with panic disorder were significantly decreased compared with healthy controls. Another score in POMS in patients with panic disorder were significantly increased compared with healthy controls. Trait and state anxiety of STAI in panic disorder patients were higher than healthy controls. There was no difference in either HRV or threshold of electrical stimulation applied between panic disorder patients and healthy controls. SAA levels in the responder group were significantly elevated compared with the non-responder group and controls both before and after electrical stimulation. In addition, there were no differences in salivary cortisol levels between responder and non-responder groups of patients with panic disorder and control. The sample may not be representative of the general population. These preliminary results suggest that sAA might be useful predictive biological markers of treatment responsiveness in patients with panic disorder. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.neures.2012.01.006 |
| format | Article |
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Psychosocial stress-induced activation of salivary α-amylase (sAA) functions is as a marker of sympathoadrenal medullary system (SAM) activity. However, in contrast to salivary cortisol, sAA has been less extensively studied in panic disorder patients. The present study measured sAA and salivary cortisol levels in patients with panic disorder following electrical stimulation stress. The authors determined Profile of Mood State (POMS) scores and State-Trait anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores, heart rate variability (HRV), and levels of sAA and salivary cortisol in 34 patients with panic disorder and 41 healthy volunteers following the application of electrical stimulation stress. 34 alprazolam-treated patients with panic disorder were divided into non-responder and responder group. Vigor scores in patients with panic disorder were significantly decreased compared with healthy controls. Another score in POMS in patients with panic disorder were significantly increased compared with healthy controls. Trait and state anxiety of STAI in panic disorder patients were higher than healthy controls. There was no difference in either HRV or threshold of electrical stimulation applied between panic disorder patients and healthy controls. SAA levels in the responder group were significantly elevated compared with the non-responder group and controls both before and after electrical stimulation. In addition, there were no differences in salivary cortisol levels between responder and non-responder groups of patients with panic disorder and control. The sample may not be representative of the general population. These preliminary results suggest that sAA might be useful predictive biological markers of treatment responsiveness in patients with panic disorder.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0168-0102</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-8111</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2012.01.006</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22391145</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Ireland: Elsevier Ireland Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adrenal glands ; Adult ; alpha -Amylase ; Anxiety ; biomarkers ; Biomarkers - metabolism ; Electric Stimulation - methods ; Electrical stimuli ; Enzyme Activation - physiology ; Female ; Heart rate ; HPA axis ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Hydrocortisone - metabolism ; Inventories ; Male ; Mood ; Nervous system ; Panic disorder ; Panic Disorder - diagnosis ; Panic Disorder - metabolism ; Panic Disorder - psychology ; Saliva - chemistry ; Saliva - metabolism ; Salivary alpha-Amylases - metabolism ; Salivary cortisol ; Salivary α-amylase ; SAM activity ; Stress ; Stress, Psychological - metabolism ; Stress, Psychological - psychology ; Sympathetic nervous system ; Vigor ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Neuroscience research, 2012-05, Vol.73 (1), p.80-84</ispartof><rights>2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and the Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c484t-48ad2553f9b99d047f29a9108843a8f0c8c140d77e6c428e6db00da19f59ac963</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c484t-48ad2553f9b99d047f29a9108843a8f0c8c140d77e6c428e6db00da19f59ac963</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neures.2012.01.006$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22391145$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tanaka, Yoshihiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ishitobi, Yoshinobu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maruyama, Yoshihiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kawano, Aimi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ando, Tomoko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Imanaga, Junko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okamoto, Shizuko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kanehisa, Masayuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Higuma, Haruka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ninomiya, Taiga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsuru, Jusen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hanada, Hiroaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Isogawa, Koichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akiyoshi, Jotaro</creatorcontrib><title>Salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol responsiveness following electrical stimulation stress in panic disorder patients</title><title>Neuroscience research</title><addtitle>Neurosci Res</addtitle><description>► We examined salivary α-amylase (sAA) and cortisol levels in panic disorder. ► We used the electrical stimulation stress in patients with panic disorder. ► SAA levels were significantly elevated both before and after electrical stimulation. ► These results suggest that sAA might be a useful biological marker of panic disorder.
Psychosocial stress-induced activation of salivary α-amylase (sAA) functions is as a marker of sympathoadrenal medullary system (SAM) activity. However, in contrast to salivary cortisol, sAA has been less extensively studied in panic disorder patients. The present study measured sAA and salivary cortisol levels in patients with panic disorder following electrical stimulation stress. The authors determined Profile of Mood State (POMS) scores and State-Trait anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores, heart rate variability (HRV), and levels of sAA and salivary cortisol in 34 patients with panic disorder and 41 healthy volunteers following the application of electrical stimulation stress. 34 alprazolam-treated patients with panic disorder were divided into non-responder and responder group. Vigor scores in patients with panic disorder were significantly decreased compared with healthy controls. Another score in POMS in patients with panic disorder were significantly increased compared with healthy controls. Trait and state anxiety of STAI in panic disorder patients were higher than healthy controls. There was no difference in either HRV or threshold of electrical stimulation applied between panic disorder patients and healthy controls. SAA levels in the responder group were significantly elevated compared with the non-responder group and controls both before and after electrical stimulation. In addition, there were no differences in salivary cortisol levels between responder and non-responder groups of patients with panic disorder and control. The sample may not be representative of the general population. These preliminary results suggest that sAA might be useful predictive biological markers of treatment responsiveness in patients with panic disorder.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adrenal glands</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>alpha -Amylase</subject><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>biomarkers</subject><subject>Biomarkers - metabolism</subject><subject>Electric Stimulation - methods</subject><subject>Electrical stimuli</subject><subject>Enzyme Activation - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Heart rate</subject><subject>HPA axis</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydrocortisone</subject><subject>Hydrocortisone - metabolism</subject><subject>Inventories</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mood</subject><subject>Nervous system</subject><subject>Panic disorder</subject><subject>Panic Disorder - diagnosis</subject><subject>Panic Disorder - metabolism</subject><subject>Panic Disorder - psychology</subject><subject>Saliva - chemistry</subject><subject>Saliva - metabolism</subject><subject>Salivary alpha-Amylases - metabolism</subject><subject>Salivary cortisol</subject><subject>Salivary α-amylase</subject><subject>SAM activity</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - metabolism</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - psychology</subject><subject>Sympathetic nervous system</subject><subject>Vigor</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0168-0102</issn><issn>1872-8111</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU2LFDEQhoMo7rj6D0T6ppduq9KZ7uQiyOIXLHhQzyGTVGuGdNIm3SP7780wq8c9pQJP1QvPy9hLhA4Bh7fHLtKWqXQckHeAHcDwiO1QjryViPiY7SomW0DgV-xZKUcA6JXon7IrznuFKPY7tn0zwZ9MvmtMWH6Z1sx3wRRqTHSNTXn1JYWmpiwpFn-iSKU0Uwoh_fHxZ0OB7Jq9NaEpq5-3YFafYp3zmfOxWUz0tnH1SnaU63f1FNfynD2ZTCj04v69Zj8-fvh-87m9_frpy83729YKKdZWSOP4ft9P6qCUAzFOXBmFIKXojZzASosC3DjSYAWXNLgDgDOopr0yVg39NXt9ubvk9HujsurZF0shmEhpK1qpHkHwYazkmwfJqhw5wqD6iooLanMqJdOkl-znqrBCZ27QR32pRp-r0YC6VlPXXt0nbIeZ3P-lf11U4N0FoGrk5CnrYqstS87nqlm75B9O-AtIfqQU</recordid><startdate>201205</startdate><enddate>201205</enddate><creator>Tanaka, Yoshihiro</creator><creator>Ishitobi, Yoshinobu</creator><creator>Maruyama, Yoshihiro</creator><creator>Kawano, Aimi</creator><creator>Ando, Tomoko</creator><creator>Imanaga, Junko</creator><creator>Okamoto, Shizuko</creator><creator>Kanehisa, Masayuki</creator><creator>Higuma, Haruka</creator><creator>Ninomiya, Taiga</creator><creator>Tsuru, Jusen</creator><creator>Hanada, Hiroaki</creator><creator>Isogawa, Koichi</creator><creator>Akiyoshi, Jotaro</creator><general>Elsevier Ireland Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201205</creationdate><title>Salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol responsiveness following electrical stimulation stress in panic disorder patients</title><author>Tanaka, Yoshihiro ; Ishitobi, Yoshinobu ; Maruyama, Yoshihiro ; Kawano, Aimi ; Ando, Tomoko ; Imanaga, Junko ; Okamoto, Shizuko ; Kanehisa, Masayuki ; Higuma, Haruka ; Ninomiya, Taiga ; Tsuru, Jusen ; Hanada, Hiroaki ; Isogawa, Koichi ; Akiyoshi, Jotaro</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c484t-48ad2553f9b99d047f29a9108843a8f0c8c140d77e6c428e6db00da19f59ac963</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adrenal glands</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>alpha -Amylase</topic><topic>Anxiety</topic><topic>biomarkers</topic><topic>Biomarkers - metabolism</topic><topic>Electric Stimulation - methods</topic><topic>Electrical stimuli</topic><topic>Enzyme Activation - physiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Heart rate</topic><topic>HPA axis</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hydrocortisone</topic><topic>Hydrocortisone - metabolism</topic><topic>Inventories</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mood</topic><topic>Nervous system</topic><topic>Panic disorder</topic><topic>Panic Disorder - diagnosis</topic><topic>Panic Disorder - metabolism</topic><topic>Panic Disorder - psychology</topic><topic>Saliva - chemistry</topic><topic>Saliva - metabolism</topic><topic>Salivary alpha-Amylases - metabolism</topic><topic>Salivary cortisol</topic><topic>Salivary α-amylase</topic><topic>SAM activity</topic><topic>Stress</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - metabolism</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - psychology</topic><topic>Sympathetic nervous system</topic><topic>Vigor</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tanaka, Yoshihiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ishitobi, Yoshinobu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maruyama, Yoshihiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kawano, Aimi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ando, Tomoko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Imanaga, Junko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okamoto, Shizuko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kanehisa, Masayuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Higuma, Haruka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ninomiya, Taiga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsuru, Jusen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hanada, Hiroaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Isogawa, Koichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akiyoshi, Jotaro</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Neuroscience research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tanaka, Yoshihiro</au><au>Ishitobi, Yoshinobu</au><au>Maruyama, Yoshihiro</au><au>Kawano, Aimi</au><au>Ando, Tomoko</au><au>Imanaga, Junko</au><au>Okamoto, Shizuko</au><au>Kanehisa, Masayuki</au><au>Higuma, Haruka</au><au>Ninomiya, Taiga</au><au>Tsuru, Jusen</au><au>Hanada, Hiroaki</au><au>Isogawa, Koichi</au><au>Akiyoshi, Jotaro</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol responsiveness following electrical stimulation stress in panic disorder patients</atitle><jtitle>Neuroscience research</jtitle><addtitle>Neurosci Res</addtitle><date>2012-05</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>73</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>80</spage><epage>84</epage><pages>80-84</pages><issn>0168-0102</issn><eissn>1872-8111</eissn><abstract>► We examined salivary α-amylase (sAA) and cortisol levels in panic disorder. ► We used the electrical stimulation stress in patients with panic disorder. ► SAA levels were significantly elevated both before and after electrical stimulation. ► These results suggest that sAA might be a useful biological marker of panic disorder.
Psychosocial stress-induced activation of salivary α-amylase (sAA) functions is as a marker of sympathoadrenal medullary system (SAM) activity. However, in contrast to salivary cortisol, sAA has been less extensively studied in panic disorder patients. The present study measured sAA and salivary cortisol levels in patients with panic disorder following electrical stimulation stress. The authors determined Profile of Mood State (POMS) scores and State-Trait anxiety Inventory (STAI) scores, heart rate variability (HRV), and levels of sAA and salivary cortisol in 34 patients with panic disorder and 41 healthy volunteers following the application of electrical stimulation stress. 34 alprazolam-treated patients with panic disorder were divided into non-responder and responder group. Vigor scores in patients with panic disorder were significantly decreased compared with healthy controls. Another score in POMS in patients with panic disorder were significantly increased compared with healthy controls. Trait and state anxiety of STAI in panic disorder patients were higher than healthy controls. There was no difference in either HRV or threshold of electrical stimulation applied between panic disorder patients and healthy controls. SAA levels in the responder group were significantly elevated compared with the non-responder group and controls both before and after electrical stimulation. In addition, there were no differences in salivary cortisol levels between responder and non-responder groups of patients with panic disorder and control. The sample may not be representative of the general population. These preliminary results suggest that sAA might be useful predictive biological markers of treatment responsiveness in patients with panic disorder.</abstract><cop>Ireland</cop><pub>Elsevier Ireland Ltd</pub><pmid>22391145</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.neures.2012.01.006</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adrenal glands Adult alpha -Amylase Anxiety biomarkers Biomarkers - metabolism Electric Stimulation - methods Electrical stimuli Enzyme Activation - physiology Female Heart rate HPA axis Humans Hydrocortisone Hydrocortisone - metabolism Inventories Male Mood Nervous system Panic disorder Panic Disorder - diagnosis Panic Disorder - metabolism Panic Disorder - psychology Saliva - chemistry Saliva - metabolism Salivary alpha-Amylases - metabolism Salivary cortisol Salivary α-amylase SAM activity Stress Stress, Psychological - metabolism Stress, Psychological - psychology Sympathetic nervous system Vigor Young Adult |
| title | Salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol responsiveness following electrical stimulation stress in panic disorder patients |
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