Shieling Areas: Historical Grazing Pressures and Landscape Responses in Northern Iceland
Historical domestic livestock grazing in sensitive landscapes has commonly been regarded as a major cause of land degradation in Iceland. Shieling areas, where milking livestock were taken to pasture for the summer, represented one element of grazing management and in this paper we consider the exte...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Human Ecology 2012-02, Vol.40 (1), p.81-99 |
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| creator | Brown, Jennifer L Simpson, Ian A Morrison, Stuart J. L Adderley, W. Paul Tisdall, Eileen Vésteinsson, Orri |
| description | Historical domestic livestock grazing in sensitive landscapes has commonly been regarded as a major cause of land degradation in Iceland. Shieling areas, where milking livestock were taken to pasture for the summer, represented one element of grazing management and in this paper we consider the extent to which historical shieling-based grazing pressure contributed to land degradation. Based on a grazing model to assess pressures and tephrochronology -based soil accumulation rates allied to micromorphology as a proxy for land degradation, our findings suggest that the shieling sy stem contributed to the maintenance of upland vegetation cover and related productivity levels without causing land degradation from settlement through to ca. AD 1300. As land degradation accelerated from ca. AD 1477 it is likely that shieling management continued to operate effectively contributing to the overall resilience of livestock farming. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10745-011-9456-1 |
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L ; Adderley, W. Paul ; Tisdall, Eileen ; Vésteinsson, Orri</creator><creatorcontrib>Brown, Jennifer L ; Simpson, Ian A ; Morrison, Stuart J. L ; Adderley, W. Paul ; Tisdall, Eileen ; Vésteinsson, Orri</creatorcontrib><description>Historical domestic livestock grazing in sensitive landscapes has commonly been regarded as a major cause of land degradation in Iceland. Shieling areas, where milking livestock were taken to pasture for the summer, represented one element of grazing management and in this paper we consider the extent to which historical shieling-based grazing pressure contributed to land degradation. Based on a grazing model to assess pressures and tephrochronology -based soil accumulation rates allied to micromorphology as a proxy for land degradation, our findings suggest that the shieling sy stem contributed to the maintenance of upland vegetation cover and related productivity levels without causing land degradation from settlement through to ca. AD 1300. As land degradation accelerated from ca. AD 1477 it is likely that shieling management continued to operate effectively contributing to the overall resilience of livestock farming.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0300-7839</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1572-9915</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10745-011-9456-1</identifier><identifier>CODEN: HMECAJ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Agriculture ; Analysis ; Anthropology ; Biodegradation ; Climate models ; Environmental impact ; Environmental Management ; Farming ; farming systems ; Geography ; Grazing ; Grazing management ; Human ecology ; Iceland ; Land degradation ; Landscape ; Landscape ecology ; landscapes ; Livestock ; Livestock farming ; Livestock farms ; Management ; microstructure ; Milking ; Pasture ; Pasture management ; Pastures ; Pressure ; Productivity ; Resilience ; Social Sciences ; Sociology ; Soil ; Soil erosion ; Soil micromorphology ; summer ; Tephra ; Vegetation ; Vegetation cover</subject><ispartof>Human Ecology, 2012-02, Vol.40 (1), p.81-99</ispartof><rights>2012 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.</rights><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2012 Springer</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-ba883c58da4f5de4d6677844a957251f3d906dedbc6c560c6919572fb81fb1713</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-ba883c58da4f5de4d6677844a957251f3d906dedbc6c560c6919572fb81fb1713</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/41433094$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/41433094$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,804,27349,27929,27930,33779,33780,41493,42562,51324,58022,58255</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Brown, Jennifer L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Simpson, Ian A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morrison, Stuart J. L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adderley, W. Paul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tisdall, Eileen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vésteinsson, Orri</creatorcontrib><title>Shieling Areas: Historical Grazing Pressures and Landscape Responses in Northern Iceland</title><title>Human Ecology</title><addtitle>Hum Ecol</addtitle><description>Historical domestic livestock grazing in sensitive landscapes has commonly been regarded as a major cause of land degradation in Iceland. Shieling areas, where milking livestock were taken to pasture for the summer, represented one element of grazing management and in this paper we consider the extent to which historical shieling-based grazing pressure contributed to land degradation. Based on a grazing model to assess pressures and tephrochronology -based soil accumulation rates allied to micromorphology as a proxy for land degradation, our findings suggest that the shieling sy stem contributed to the maintenance of upland vegetation cover and related productivity levels without causing land degradation from settlement through to ca. AD 1300. As land degradation accelerated from ca. 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| subjects | Agriculture Analysis Anthropology Biodegradation Climate models Environmental impact Environmental Management Farming farming systems Geography Grazing Grazing management Human ecology Iceland Land degradation Landscape Landscape ecology landscapes Livestock Livestock farming Livestock farms Management microstructure Milking Pasture Pasture management Pastures Pressure Productivity Resilience Social Sciences Sociology Soil Soil erosion Soil micromorphology summer Tephra Vegetation Vegetation cover |
| title | Shieling Areas: Historical Grazing Pressures and Landscape Responses in Northern Iceland |
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