single climate driver has direct and indirect effects on insect population dynamics

Ecology Letters (2012) 15: 502–508 ABSTRACT: Weather drives population dynamics directly, through effects on vital rates, or indirectly, through effects on the population’s competitors, predators or prey and thence on vital rates. Indirect effects may include non‐additive interactions with density d...

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Veröffentlicht in:Ecology letters 2012-05, Vol.15 (5), p.502-508
Hauptverfasser: Boggs, Carol L, Inouye, David W
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description Ecology Letters (2012) 15: 502–508 ABSTRACT: Weather drives population dynamics directly, through effects on vital rates, or indirectly, through effects on the population’s competitors, predators or prey and thence on vital rates. Indirect effects may include non‐additive interactions with density dependence. Detection of climate drivers is critical to predicting climate change effects, but identification of potential drivers may depend on knowing the underlying mechanisms. For the butterfly Speyeria mormonia, one climate driver, snow melt date, has multiple effects on population growth. Snow melt date in year t has density‐dependent indirect effects. Through frost effects, early snow melt decreases floral resources, thence per‐capita nectar availability, which determines fecundity in the lab. Snow melt date in year t + 1 has density‐independent direct effects. These effects explain 84% of the variation in population growth rate. One climate parameter thus has multiple effects on the dynamics of a species with non‐overlapping generations, with one effect not detectable without understanding the underlying mechanism.
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subjects Animal and plant ecology
Animal populations
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
butterflies
Butterflies & moths
Butterflies - physiology
Climate
Climate change
density-dependent indirect effects
Ecology
Erigeron
fecundity
flower phenology
Food Preferences
frost
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General aspects
Insecta
Insects
Invertebrates
Lepidoptera
Models, Biological
nectar
pollinator
Population Density
Population Dynamics
population growth
predators
Seasons
Snow
snow melt timing
snowmelt
Speyeria
Speyeria mormonia
weather
title single climate driver has direct and indirect effects on insect population dynamics
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