Mantle heterogeneity and off axis volcanism on young Pacific lithosphere
Plate tectonics and mantle plumes explain most volcanism on earth, but there are numerous actively forming linear volcanic chains in the middle of tectonic plates that are not explained by these theories. Using the multidisciplinary geophysical dataset of the MELT and GLIMPSE experiments, we show th...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Earth and planetary science letters 2011-11, Vol.311 (3), p.306-315 |
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description | Plate tectonics and mantle plumes explain most volcanism on earth, but there are numerous actively forming linear volcanic chains in the middle of tectonic plates that are not explained by these theories. Using the multidisciplinary geophysical dataset of the MELT and GLIMPSE experiments, we show that associated with 3 volcanic chains west of the East Pacific Rise there are low seismic velocities and densities in the asthenosphere that extend to the East Pacific Rise spreading center. Analogous to the Hawaiian swell, the low-density anomalies produce swells beneath the volcanoes on young seafloor. The associated gravity anomalies are part of a set of gravity lineaments that have been previously interpreted as being due to thermo-elastic cracking of the lithosphere or small-scale convection. The correlation between the surface volcanism and subsurface density and velocity anomalies and their extension to the spreading center suggest that pre-existing, buoyant or fertile asthenospheric mantle heterogeneities are stretched in the direction of plate motion by shear between the plate and the underlying mantle. These heterogeneities seed small-scale convection, producing upwelling and pressure release melting, forming volcanic chains that extend nearly to the ridge axis.
► We present new 3-D shear velocity, density structure and dynamic topography model. ► Intraplate volcanoes are located on swells, with low mantle density and velocities. ► We suggest 3-D mantle flow in the Pacific near the East Pacific Rise. ► Mantle heterogeneity can lead to small-scale convective instabilities. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.038 |
format | Article |
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► We present new 3-D shear velocity, density structure and dynamic topography model. ► Intraplate volcanoes are located on swells, with low mantle density and velocities. ► We suggest 3-D mantle flow in the Pacific near the East Pacific Rise. ► Mantle heterogeneity can lead to small-scale convective instabilities.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-821X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1385-013X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.038</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Convection ; Density ; Earth ; East Pacific Rise ; Forming ; GLIMPSE ; Heterogeneity ; Lithosphere ; Mantle ; Marine ; marine geophysics ; MELT ; small-scale convection ; Spreading ; surface wave tomography</subject><ispartof>Earth and planetary science letters, 2011-11, Vol.311 (3), p.306-315</ispartof><rights>2011 Elsevier B.V.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a503t-a7c318588f5d577e9bd27012c0c2f0e25e86f8956f554f4135c33780cee2d9083</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a503t-a7c318588f5d577e9bd27012c0c2f0e25e86f8956f554f4135c33780cee2d9083</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.038$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Harmon, Nicholas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forsyth, Donald W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weeraratne, Dayanthie S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Yingjie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Webb, Spahr C.</creatorcontrib><title>Mantle heterogeneity and off axis volcanism on young Pacific lithosphere</title><title>Earth and planetary science letters</title><description>Plate tectonics and mantle plumes explain most volcanism on earth, but there are numerous actively forming linear volcanic chains in the middle of tectonic plates that are not explained by these theories. Using the multidisciplinary geophysical dataset of the MELT and GLIMPSE experiments, we show that associated with 3 volcanic chains west of the East Pacific Rise there are low seismic velocities and densities in the asthenosphere that extend to the East Pacific Rise spreading center. Analogous to the Hawaiian swell, the low-density anomalies produce swells beneath the volcanoes on young seafloor. The associated gravity anomalies are part of a set of gravity lineaments that have been previously interpreted as being due to thermo-elastic cracking of the lithosphere or small-scale convection. The correlation between the surface volcanism and subsurface density and velocity anomalies and their extension to the spreading center suggest that pre-existing, buoyant or fertile asthenospheric mantle heterogeneities are stretched in the direction of plate motion by shear between the plate and the underlying mantle. These heterogeneities seed small-scale convection, producing upwelling and pressure release melting, forming volcanic chains that extend nearly to the ridge axis.
► We present new 3-D shear velocity, density structure and dynamic topography model. ► Intraplate volcanoes are located on swells, with low mantle density and velocities. ► We suggest 3-D mantle flow in the Pacific near the East Pacific Rise. ► Mantle heterogeneity can lead to small-scale convective instabilities.</description><subject>Convection</subject><subject>Density</subject><subject>Earth</subject><subject>East Pacific Rise</subject><subject>Forming</subject><subject>GLIMPSE</subject><subject>Heterogeneity</subject><subject>Lithosphere</subject><subject>Mantle</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>marine geophysics</subject><subject>MELT</subject><subject>small-scale convection</subject><subject>Spreading</subject><subject>surface wave tomography</subject><issn>0012-821X</issn><issn>1385-013X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kLFOwzAQQC0EEqXwA0zeYEk423FiSywIAUUCwQASm2WcM3WVxsVOEf17UpW50y3vne4eIecMSgasvlqUuMpdyYGxEnQJQh2QCRNKFsDExyGZADBeKM4-jslJzgsAqGWtJ2T2bPuhQzrHAVP8wh7DsKG2b2n0ntrfkOlP7JztQ17S2NNNXPdf9NW64IOjXRjmMa_mmPCUHHnbZTz7n1Pyfn_3djsrnl4eHm9vngorQQyFbZxgSirlZSubBvVny5vxNgeOe0AuUdVeaVl7KStfMSGdEI0Ch8hbDUpMycVu7yrF7zXmwSxDdth1tse4zkbXQumq0c1IXu4lWV1xzjVTYkT5DnUp5pzQm1UKS5s2hoHZBjYLsw1stoENaDMGHqXrnYTjuz8Bk8kuYO-wDQndYNoY9ul_9jCDzg</recordid><startdate>20111115</startdate><enddate>20111115</enddate><creator>Harmon, Nicholas</creator><creator>Forsyth, Donald W.</creator><creator>Weeraratne, Dayanthie S.</creator><creator>Yang, Yingjie</creator><creator>Webb, Spahr C.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20111115</creationdate><title>Mantle heterogeneity and off axis volcanism on young Pacific lithosphere</title><author>Harmon, Nicholas ; Forsyth, Donald W. ; Weeraratne, Dayanthie S. ; Yang, Yingjie ; Webb, Spahr C.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a503t-a7c318588f5d577e9bd27012c0c2f0e25e86f8956f554f4135c33780cee2d9083</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Convection</topic><topic>Density</topic><topic>Earth</topic><topic>East Pacific Rise</topic><topic>Forming</topic><topic>GLIMPSE</topic><topic>Heterogeneity</topic><topic>Lithosphere</topic><topic>Mantle</topic><topic>Marine</topic><topic>marine geophysics</topic><topic>MELT</topic><topic>small-scale convection</topic><topic>Spreading</topic><topic>surface wave tomography</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Harmon, Nicholas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forsyth, Donald W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Weeraratne, Dayanthie S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Yingjie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Webb, Spahr C.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Earth and planetary science letters</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Harmon, Nicholas</au><au>Forsyth, Donald W.</au><au>Weeraratne, Dayanthie S.</au><au>Yang, Yingjie</au><au>Webb, Spahr C.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mantle heterogeneity and off axis volcanism on young Pacific lithosphere</atitle><jtitle>Earth and planetary science letters</jtitle><date>2011-11-15</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>311</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>306</spage><epage>315</epage><pages>306-315</pages><issn>0012-821X</issn><eissn>1385-013X</eissn><abstract>Plate tectonics and mantle plumes explain most volcanism on earth, but there are numerous actively forming linear volcanic chains in the middle of tectonic plates that are not explained by these theories. Using the multidisciplinary geophysical dataset of the MELT and GLIMPSE experiments, we show that associated with 3 volcanic chains west of the East Pacific Rise there are low seismic velocities and densities in the asthenosphere that extend to the East Pacific Rise spreading center. Analogous to the Hawaiian swell, the low-density anomalies produce swells beneath the volcanoes on young seafloor. The associated gravity anomalies are part of a set of gravity lineaments that have been previously interpreted as being due to thermo-elastic cracking of the lithosphere or small-scale convection. The correlation between the surface volcanism and subsurface density and velocity anomalies and their extension to the spreading center suggest that pre-existing, buoyant or fertile asthenospheric mantle heterogeneities are stretched in the direction of plate motion by shear between the plate and the underlying mantle. These heterogeneities seed small-scale convection, producing upwelling and pressure release melting, forming volcanic chains that extend nearly to the ridge axis.
► We present new 3-D shear velocity, density structure and dynamic topography model. ► Intraplate volcanoes are located on swells, with low mantle density and velocities. ► We suggest 3-D mantle flow in the Pacific near the East Pacific Rise. ► Mantle heterogeneity can lead to small-scale convective instabilities.</abstract><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.epsl.2011.09.038</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Convection Density Earth East Pacific Rise Forming GLIMPSE Heterogeneity Lithosphere Mantle Marine marine geophysics MELT small-scale convection Spreading surface wave tomography |
title | Mantle heterogeneity and off axis volcanism on young Pacific lithosphere |
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