GHRP-6 mimics ghrelin-induced stimulation of food intake and suppression of locomotor activity in goldfish
► GHRP-6 is one of the GHSs, and it is able to activate GHS-R2a-1 in goldfish in vitro. ► GHRP-6 stimulates food intake and suppresses locomotor activity in goldfish. ► GHRP-6-induced action might be mediated via the GHS-R2a-1 and subsequently through vagal afferent in goldfish. Ghrelin was first id...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Peptides (New York, N.Y. : 1980) N.Y. : 1980), 2012-04, Vol.34 (2), p.324-328 |
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| creator | Yahashi, Satowa Kang, Ki Sung Kaiya, Hiroyuki Matsuda, Kouhei |
| description | ► GHRP-6 is one of the GHSs, and it is able to activate GHS-R2a-1 in goldfish in vitro. ► GHRP-6 stimulates food intake and suppresses locomotor activity in goldfish. ► GHRP-6-induced action might be mediated via the GHS-R2a-1 and subsequently through vagal afferent in goldfish.
Ghrelin was first identified and characterized from rat stomach as an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) receptor (GHS-R). Ghrelin also acts as an orexigenic factor and regulates energy balance in rodents. In goldfish, native ghrelin consists of 11 molecular variants, the major form being a 17-residue peptide with n-octanoic acid modification (n-octanoyl ghrelin17), and intraperitoneal (IP) administration of n-octanoyl ghrelin17 induces central actions such as stimulation of food intake and suppression of locomotor activity through capsaicin-sensitive afferents. Four types of GHS-Rs (1a-1, 1a-2, 2a-1 and 2a-2) have been identified in goldfish, and one GHS, GHRP-6, can activate only GHS-R2a-1 in vitro. However, there is no information about the effect of GHRP-6 on food intake and locomotor activity in goldfish in vivo. Therefore, in the present study, we examined whether IP-administered GHRP-6 would mimic the orexigenic action of n-octanoyl ghrelin17 and its suppression of locomotor activity. IP administration of GHRP-6 at 1pmol/g body weight (BW) stimulated food intake, and was equipotent to the orexigenic action of n-octanoyl ghrelin17 at 10pmol/g BW. IP-injected GHRP-6 at 1pmol/g BW also induced a significant decrease of locomotor activity, as was the case for IP-injected n-octanoyl ghrelin17 at 10pmol/g BW. The action of GHRP-6 was blocked by IP-preinjected capsaicin at 160nmol/g BW. These results suggest that the central action of GHRP-6 might be mediated via the GHS-R2a-1-signaling pathway, and subsequently through capsaicin-sensitive afferents in goldfish. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.01.025 |
| format | Article |
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Ghrelin was first identified and characterized from rat stomach as an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) receptor (GHS-R). Ghrelin also acts as an orexigenic factor and regulates energy balance in rodents. In goldfish, native ghrelin consists of 11 molecular variants, the major form being a 17-residue peptide with n-octanoic acid modification (n-octanoyl ghrelin17), and intraperitoneal (IP) administration of n-octanoyl ghrelin17 induces central actions such as stimulation of food intake and suppression of locomotor activity through capsaicin-sensitive afferents. Four types of GHS-Rs (1a-1, 1a-2, 2a-1 and 2a-2) have been identified in goldfish, and one GHS, GHRP-6, can activate only GHS-R2a-1 in vitro. However, there is no information about the effect of GHRP-6 on food intake and locomotor activity in goldfish in vivo. Therefore, in the present study, we examined whether IP-administered GHRP-6 would mimic the orexigenic action of n-octanoyl ghrelin17 and its suppression of locomotor activity. IP administration of GHRP-6 at 1pmol/g body weight (BW) stimulated food intake, and was equipotent to the orexigenic action of n-octanoyl ghrelin17 at 10pmol/g BW. IP-injected GHRP-6 at 1pmol/g BW also induced a significant decrease of locomotor activity, as was the case for IP-injected n-octanoyl ghrelin17 at 10pmol/g BW. The action of GHRP-6 was blocked by IP-preinjected capsaicin at 160nmol/g BW. These results suggest that the central action of GHRP-6 might be mediated via the GHS-R2a-1-signaling pathway, and subsequently through capsaicin-sensitive afferents in goldfish.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0196-9781</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-5169</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.01.025</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22349352</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biomedical materials ; body weight ; Capsaicin ; Capsaicin - administration & dosage ; Eating - drug effects ; Eating - physiology ; energy balance ; Female ; Food intake ; Ghrelin ; Ghrelin - administration & dosage ; Ghrelin - physiology ; GHRP-6 ; GHS ; GHS-R ; GHS-R2a-1 ; Goldfish ; Goldfish - physiology ; Growth hormones ; In vivo testing ; In vivo tests ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; locomotion ; Locomotor activity ; Male ; Motor Activity - drug effects ; Motor Activity - physiology ; n-Octanoyl ghrelin17 ; Oligopeptides - administration & dosage ; Oligopeptides - physiology ; Peptides ; rats ; Receptors, Ghrelin - metabolism ; Rodents ; Signal Transduction - drug effects ; Signal Transduction - physiology ; somatotropin ; Stimulation ; stomach ; Vagal afferent</subject><ispartof>Peptides (New York, N.Y. : 1980), 2012-04, Vol.34 (2), p.324-328</ispartof><rights>2012 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c523t-6ed7a448068778d1c251ed0145875c18dfcbac260b7bddd78f3ebf264fd32713</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c523t-6ed7a448068778d1c251ed0145875c18dfcbac260b7bddd78f3ebf264fd32713</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2012.01.025$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22349352$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yahashi, Satowa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kang, Ki Sung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaiya, Hiroyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matsuda, Kouhei</creatorcontrib><title>GHRP-6 mimics ghrelin-induced stimulation of food intake and suppression of locomotor activity in goldfish</title><title>Peptides (New York, N.Y. : 1980)</title><addtitle>Peptides</addtitle><description>► GHRP-6 is one of the GHSs, and it is able to activate GHS-R2a-1 in goldfish in vitro. ► GHRP-6 stimulates food intake and suppresses locomotor activity in goldfish. ► GHRP-6-induced action might be mediated via the GHS-R2a-1 and subsequently through vagal afferent in goldfish.
Ghrelin was first identified and characterized from rat stomach as an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) receptor (GHS-R). Ghrelin also acts as an orexigenic factor and regulates energy balance in rodents. In goldfish, native ghrelin consists of 11 molecular variants, the major form being a 17-residue peptide with n-octanoic acid modification (n-octanoyl ghrelin17), and intraperitoneal (IP) administration of n-octanoyl ghrelin17 induces central actions such as stimulation of food intake and suppression of locomotor activity through capsaicin-sensitive afferents. Four types of GHS-Rs (1a-1, 1a-2, 2a-1 and 2a-2) have been identified in goldfish, and one GHS, GHRP-6, can activate only GHS-R2a-1 in vitro. However, there is no information about the effect of GHRP-6 on food intake and locomotor activity in goldfish in vivo. Therefore, in the present study, we examined whether IP-administered GHRP-6 would mimic the orexigenic action of n-octanoyl ghrelin17 and its suppression of locomotor activity. IP administration of GHRP-6 at 1pmol/g body weight (BW) stimulated food intake, and was equipotent to the orexigenic action of n-octanoyl ghrelin17 at 10pmol/g BW. IP-injected GHRP-6 at 1pmol/g BW also induced a significant decrease of locomotor activity, as was the case for IP-injected n-octanoyl ghrelin17 at 10pmol/g BW. The action of GHRP-6 was blocked by IP-preinjected capsaicin at 160nmol/g BW. These results suggest that the central action of GHRP-6 might be mediated via the GHS-R2a-1-signaling pathway, and subsequently through capsaicin-sensitive afferents in goldfish.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biomedical materials</subject><subject>body weight</subject><subject>Capsaicin</subject><subject>Capsaicin - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Eating - drug effects</subject><subject>Eating - physiology</subject><subject>energy balance</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Food intake</subject><subject>Ghrelin</subject><subject>Ghrelin - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Ghrelin - physiology</subject><subject>GHRP-6</subject><subject>GHS</subject><subject>GHS-R</subject><subject>GHS-R2a-1</subject><subject>Goldfish</subject><subject>Goldfish - physiology</subject><subject>Growth hormones</subject><subject>In vivo testing</subject><subject>In vivo tests</subject><subject>Injections, Intraperitoneal</subject><subject>locomotion</subject><subject>Locomotor activity</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Motor Activity - drug effects</subject><subject>Motor Activity - physiology</subject><subject>n-Octanoyl ghrelin17</subject><subject>Oligopeptides - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Oligopeptides - physiology</subject><subject>Peptides</subject><subject>rats</subject><subject>Receptors, Ghrelin - metabolism</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Signal Transduction - drug effects</subject><subject>Signal Transduction - physiology</subject><subject>somatotropin</subject><subject>Stimulation</subject><subject>stomach</subject><subject>Vagal afferent</subject><issn>0196-9781</issn><issn>1873-5169</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0ctu1DAUBmALgehQeIWSHWwy-Bbb2YEqaJEqgaCsLcc-nnpI4mA7lfr2eDRTloA3XpzvHF9-hC4I3hJMxLv9doGlBAd5SzGhW0y2mHZP0IYoydqOiP4p2mDSi7aXipyhFznvMcac9-o5OqOU8Z51dIP2V9ffvraimcIUbG52dwnGMLdhdqsF1-QSpnU0JcS5ib7xMbomzMX8hMbMtbwuS4KcT-Ux2jjFElNjbAn3oTxU3Ozi6HzIdy_RM2_GDK9O-zm6_fTx9vK6vfly9fnyw01rO8pKK8BJw7nCQkmpHLG0I-Aw4Z2SnSXKeTsYSwUe5OCck8ozGDwV3DtGJWHn6M1x7JLirxVy0VPIFsbRzBDXrHvBFMOS8yrf_lUSKSihjPwPxZT2mHdUViqO1KaYcwKvlxQmkx4q0ofs9F4_ZqcP2WlMdM2uNl6czliHCdyftsewKnh9BN5EbXYpZP3je50g8GHVd1Xx_iig_u99gKSzDTDXJEMCW7SL4V-3-A1wULfG</recordid><startdate>20120401</startdate><enddate>20120401</enddate><creator>Yahashi, Satowa</creator><creator>Kang, Ki Sung</creator><creator>Kaiya, Hiroyuki</creator><creator>Matsuda, Kouhei</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120401</creationdate><title>GHRP-6 mimics ghrelin-induced stimulation of food intake and suppression of locomotor activity in goldfish</title><author>Yahashi, Satowa ; Kang, Ki Sung ; Kaiya, Hiroyuki ; Matsuda, Kouhei</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c523t-6ed7a448068778d1c251ed0145875c18dfcbac260b7bddd78f3ebf264fd32713</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biomedical materials</topic><topic>body weight</topic><topic>Capsaicin</topic><topic>Capsaicin - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Eating - drug effects</topic><topic>Eating - physiology</topic><topic>energy balance</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Food intake</topic><topic>Ghrelin</topic><topic>Ghrelin - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Ghrelin - physiology</topic><topic>GHRP-6</topic><topic>GHS</topic><topic>GHS-R</topic><topic>GHS-R2a-1</topic><topic>Goldfish</topic><topic>Goldfish - physiology</topic><topic>Growth hormones</topic><topic>In vivo testing</topic><topic>In vivo tests</topic><topic>Injections, Intraperitoneal</topic><topic>locomotion</topic><topic>Locomotor activity</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Motor Activity - drug effects</topic><topic>Motor Activity - physiology</topic><topic>n-Octanoyl ghrelin17</topic><topic>Oligopeptides - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Oligopeptides - physiology</topic><topic>Peptides</topic><topic>rats</topic><topic>Receptors, Ghrelin - metabolism</topic><topic>Rodents</topic><topic>Signal Transduction - drug effects</topic><topic>Signal Transduction - physiology</topic><topic>somatotropin</topic><topic>Stimulation</topic><topic>stomach</topic><topic>Vagal afferent</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yahashi, Satowa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kang, Ki Sung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kaiya, Hiroyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matsuda, Kouhei</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Peptides (New York, N.Y. : 1980)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yahashi, Satowa</au><au>Kang, Ki Sung</au><au>Kaiya, Hiroyuki</au><au>Matsuda, Kouhei</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>GHRP-6 mimics ghrelin-induced stimulation of food intake and suppression of locomotor activity in goldfish</atitle><jtitle>Peptides (New York, N.Y. : 1980)</jtitle><addtitle>Peptides</addtitle><date>2012-04-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>324</spage><epage>328</epage><pages>324-328</pages><issn>0196-9781</issn><eissn>1873-5169</eissn><abstract>► GHRP-6 is one of the GHSs, and it is able to activate GHS-R2a-1 in goldfish in vitro. ► GHRP-6 stimulates food intake and suppresses locomotor activity in goldfish. ► GHRP-6-induced action might be mediated via the GHS-R2a-1 and subsequently through vagal afferent in goldfish.
Ghrelin was first identified and characterized from rat stomach as an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) receptor (GHS-R). Ghrelin also acts as an orexigenic factor and regulates energy balance in rodents. In goldfish, native ghrelin consists of 11 molecular variants, the major form being a 17-residue peptide with n-octanoic acid modification (n-octanoyl ghrelin17), and intraperitoneal (IP) administration of n-octanoyl ghrelin17 induces central actions such as stimulation of food intake and suppression of locomotor activity through capsaicin-sensitive afferents. Four types of GHS-Rs (1a-1, 1a-2, 2a-1 and 2a-2) have been identified in goldfish, and one GHS, GHRP-6, can activate only GHS-R2a-1 in vitro. However, there is no information about the effect of GHRP-6 on food intake and locomotor activity in goldfish in vivo. Therefore, in the present study, we examined whether IP-administered GHRP-6 would mimic the orexigenic action of n-octanoyl ghrelin17 and its suppression of locomotor activity. IP administration of GHRP-6 at 1pmol/g body weight (BW) stimulated food intake, and was equipotent to the orexigenic action of n-octanoyl ghrelin17 at 10pmol/g BW. IP-injected GHRP-6 at 1pmol/g BW also induced a significant decrease of locomotor activity, as was the case for IP-injected n-octanoyl ghrelin17 at 10pmol/g BW. The action of GHRP-6 was blocked by IP-preinjected capsaicin at 160nmol/g BW. These results suggest that the central action of GHRP-6 might be mediated via the GHS-R2a-1-signaling pathway, and subsequently through capsaicin-sensitive afferents in goldfish.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>22349352</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.peptides.2012.01.025</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Peptides (New York, N.Y. : 1980), 2012-04, Vol.34 (2), p.324-328 |
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| subjects | Animals Biomedical materials body weight Capsaicin Capsaicin - administration & dosage Eating - drug effects Eating - physiology energy balance Female Food intake Ghrelin Ghrelin - administration & dosage Ghrelin - physiology GHRP-6 GHS GHS-R GHS-R2a-1 Goldfish Goldfish - physiology Growth hormones In vivo testing In vivo tests Injections, Intraperitoneal locomotion Locomotor activity Male Motor Activity - drug effects Motor Activity - physiology n-Octanoyl ghrelin17 Oligopeptides - administration & dosage Oligopeptides - physiology Peptides rats Receptors, Ghrelin - metabolism Rodents Signal Transduction - drug effects Signal Transduction - physiology somatotropin Stimulation stomach Vagal afferent |
| title | GHRP-6 mimics ghrelin-induced stimulation of food intake and suppression of locomotor activity in goldfish |
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