Concentrations and correlations of disinfection by-products in municipal drinking water from an exposure assessment perspective

Although disinfection by-products (DBPs) occur in complex mixtures, studies evaluating health risks have been focused in few chemicals. In the framework of an epidemiological study on cancer in 11 Spanish provinces, we describe the concentration of four trihalomethanes (THMs), nine haloacetic acids...

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Veröffentlicht in:Environmental research 2012-04, Vol.114, p.1-11
Hauptverfasser: Villanueva, Cristina M., Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma, Moreno, Víctor, Carrasco-Turigas, Glòria, Aragonés, Nuria, Boldo, Elena, Ardanaz, Eva, Toledo, Estefanía, Altzibar, Jone M., Zaldua, Itziar, Azpiroz, Lourdes, Goñi, Fernando, Tardón, Adonina, Molina, Antonio J., Martín, Vicente, López-Rojo, Concepción, Jiménez-Moleón, José J., Capelo, Rocío, Gómez-Acebo, Inés, Peiró, Rosana, Ripoll, Mónica, Gracia-Lavedan, Esther, Nieuwenhujsen, Mark J., Rantakokko, Panu, Goslan, Emma H., Pollán, Marina, Kogevinas, Manolis
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container_title Environmental research
container_volume 114
creator Villanueva, Cristina M.
Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma
Moreno, Víctor
Carrasco-Turigas, Glòria
Aragonés, Nuria
Boldo, Elena
Ardanaz, Eva
Toledo, Estefanía
Altzibar, Jone M.
Zaldua, Itziar
Azpiroz, Lourdes
Goñi, Fernando
Tardón, Adonina
Molina, Antonio J.
Martín, Vicente
López-Rojo, Concepción
Jiménez-Moleón, José J.
Capelo, Rocío
Gómez-Acebo, Inés
Peiró, Rosana
Ripoll, Mónica
Gracia-Lavedan, Esther
Nieuwenhujsen, Mark J.
Rantakokko, Panu
Goslan, Emma H.
Pollán, Marina
Kogevinas, Manolis
description Although disinfection by-products (DBPs) occur in complex mixtures, studies evaluating health risks have been focused in few chemicals. In the framework of an epidemiological study on cancer in 11 Spanish provinces, we describe the concentration of four trihalomethanes (THMs), nine haloacetic acids (HAA), 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), four haloacetonitries, two haloketones, chloropicrin and chloral hydrate and estimate correlations. A total of 233 tap water samples were collected in 2010. Principal component analyses were conducted to reduce dimensionality of DBPs. Overall median (range) level of THMs and HAAs was 26.4 (0.8–98.1) and 26.4 (0.9–86.9)μg/l, respectively (N=217). MX analysed in a subset (N=36) showed a median (range) concentration of 16.7 (0.8–54.1)ng/l. Haloacetonitries, haloketones, chloropicrin and chloral hydrate were analysed in a subset (N=16), showing levels from unquantifiable (
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.envres.2012.02.002
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In the framework of an epidemiological study on cancer in 11 Spanish provinces, we describe the concentration of four trihalomethanes (THMs), nine haloacetic acids (HAA), 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), four haloacetonitries, two haloketones, chloropicrin and chloral hydrate and estimate correlations. A total of 233 tap water samples were collected in 2010. Principal component analyses were conducted to reduce dimensionality of DBPs. Overall median (range) level of THMs and HAAs was 26.4 (0.8–98.1) and 26.4 (0.9–86.9)μg/l, respectively (N=217). MX analysed in a subset (N=36) showed a median (range) concentration of 16.7 (0.8–54.1)ng/l. Haloacetonitries, haloketones, chloropicrin and chloral hydrate were analysed in a subset (N=16), showing levels from unquantifiable (&lt;1μg/l) to 5.5μg/l (dibromoacetonitrile). Spearman rank correlation coefficients between DBPs varied between species and across areas, being highest between dibromochloromethane and dibromochloroacetic acid (rs=0.87). Principal component analyses of 13 DBPs (4 THMs, 9 HAAs) led 3 components explaining more than 80% of variance. In conclusion, THMs and HAAs have limited value as predictors of other DBPs on a generalised basis. Principal component analysis provides a complementary tool to address the complex nature of the mixture. ► Disinfection by-products (DBPs) occur in mixtures. ► Studies evaluating human health risks of DBPs are focused in few chemicals. ► Correlations between DBPs ignores the complex nature of the mixture. ► DBP mixtures are summarised by principal component analysis in 3 independent variables.</description><subject>Acetonitriles - analysis</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Chloral Hydrate - analysis</subject><subject>Complex mixtures</subject><subject>Disifection by-products</subject><subject>Disinfection - methods</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Drinking Water - analysis</subject><subject>Drinking Water - chemistry</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Exposure assessment</subject><subject>Food toxicology</subject><subject>Furans - analysis</subject><subject>Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - analysis</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Principal Component Analysis</subject><subject>Spain</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><subject>Trihalomethanes - analysis</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><subject>Water Purification</subject><subject>Water Supply - analysis</subject><issn>0013-9351</issn><issn>1096-0953</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU1v1DAQhi0EotvCP0DIF8Qpiz8SJ74goRXQSpW4wNlynDHyktjBk2zbE38dr3aht0ojezx65p3Ra0LecLbljKsP-y3EQwbcCsbFlpVg4hnZcKZVxXQjn5MNY1xWWjb8glwi7suTN5K9JBdC1FIJXW_In12KDuKS7RJSRGrjQF3KGcZzIXk6BAzRgzsWaP9QzTkNq1uQhkinNQYXZjvSIYf4K8Sf9M4ukKnPaSpqFO7nhGsGahEBcSqz6AwZ56PeAV6RF96OCK_P9xX58eXz9911dfvt683u023lpOZLOVkPUnSMKe-4KHkDfmBSOw-tFr31neo7bR2vda-7pvGtUlB3jZQCtAR5Rd6fdMvyv1fAxUwBHYyjjZBWNFrJTrRcdYWsT6TLCTGDN3MOk80PhjNzdN7szcl5c3TesBJMlLa35wFrP8Hwv-mf1QV4dwYsOjv6bKML-Mg1bVPLui3cxxMHxY5DgGzQBSifNIRcPDNDCk9v8hf7S6c7</recordid><startdate>20120401</startdate><enddate>20120401</enddate><creator>Villanueva, Cristina M.</creator><creator>Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma</creator><creator>Moreno, Víctor</creator><creator>Carrasco-Turigas, Glòria</creator><creator>Aragonés, Nuria</creator><creator>Boldo, Elena</creator><creator>Ardanaz, Eva</creator><creator>Toledo, Estefanía</creator><creator>Altzibar, Jone M.</creator><creator>Zaldua, Itziar</creator><creator>Azpiroz, Lourdes</creator><creator>Goñi, Fernando</creator><creator>Tardón, Adonina</creator><creator>Molina, Antonio J.</creator><creator>Martín, Vicente</creator><creator>López-Rojo, Concepción</creator><creator>Jiménez-Moleón, José J.</creator><creator>Capelo, Rocío</creator><creator>Gómez-Acebo, Inés</creator><creator>Peiró, Rosana</creator><creator>Ripoll, Mónica</creator><creator>Gracia-Lavedan, Esther</creator><creator>Nieuwenhujsen, Mark J.</creator><creator>Rantakokko, Panu</creator><creator>Goslan, Emma H.</creator><creator>Pollán, Marina</creator><creator>Kogevinas, Manolis</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120401</creationdate><title>Concentrations and correlations of disinfection by-products in municipal drinking water from an exposure assessment perspective</title><author>Villanueva, Cristina M. ; Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma ; Moreno, Víctor ; Carrasco-Turigas, Glòria ; Aragonés, Nuria ; Boldo, Elena ; Ardanaz, Eva ; Toledo, Estefanía ; Altzibar, Jone M. ; Zaldua, Itziar ; Azpiroz, Lourdes ; Goñi, Fernando ; Tardón, Adonina ; Molina, Antonio J. ; Martín, Vicente ; López-Rojo, Concepción ; Jiménez-Moleón, José J. ; Capelo, Rocío ; Gómez-Acebo, Inés ; Peiró, Rosana ; Ripoll, Mónica ; Gracia-Lavedan, Esther ; Nieuwenhujsen, Mark J. ; Rantakokko, Panu ; Goslan, Emma H. ; Pollán, Marina ; Kogevinas, Manolis</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-c30be328006fc12be35efd039cfe792baf86b89ac149b9855f766e485332e93e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Acetonitriles - analysis</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Chloral Hydrate - analysis</topic><topic>Complex mixtures</topic><topic>Disifection by-products</topic><topic>Disinfection - methods</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Drinking Water - analysis</topic><topic>Drinking Water - chemistry</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Exposure assessment</topic><topic>Food toxicology</topic><topic>Furans - analysis</topic><topic>Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - analysis</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Principal Component Analysis</topic><topic>Spain</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><topic>Trihalomethanes - analysis</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</topic><topic>Water Purification</topic><topic>Water Supply - analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Villanueva, Cristina M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moreno, Víctor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carrasco-Turigas, Glòria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aragonés, Nuria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boldo, Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ardanaz, Eva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toledo, Estefanía</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Altzibar, Jone M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zaldua, Itziar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azpiroz, Lourdes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goñi, Fernando</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tardón, Adonina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Molina, Antonio J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martín, Vicente</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>López-Rojo, Concepción</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiménez-Moleón, José J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Capelo, Rocío</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gómez-Acebo, Inés</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peiró, Rosana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ripoll, Mónica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gracia-Lavedan, Esther</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nieuwenhujsen, Mark J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rantakokko, Panu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goslan, Emma H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pollán, Marina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kogevinas, Manolis</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Villanueva, Cristina M.</au><au>Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma</au><au>Moreno, Víctor</au><au>Carrasco-Turigas, Glòria</au><au>Aragonés, Nuria</au><au>Boldo, Elena</au><au>Ardanaz, Eva</au><au>Toledo, Estefanía</au><au>Altzibar, Jone M.</au><au>Zaldua, Itziar</au><au>Azpiroz, Lourdes</au><au>Goñi, Fernando</au><au>Tardón, Adonina</au><au>Molina, Antonio J.</au><au>Martín, Vicente</au><au>López-Rojo, Concepción</au><au>Jiménez-Moleón, José J.</au><au>Capelo, Rocío</au><au>Gómez-Acebo, Inés</au><au>Peiró, Rosana</au><au>Ripoll, Mónica</au><au>Gracia-Lavedan, Esther</au><au>Nieuwenhujsen, Mark J.</au><au>Rantakokko, Panu</au><au>Goslan, Emma H.</au><au>Pollán, Marina</au><au>Kogevinas, Manolis</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Concentrations and correlations of disinfection by-products in municipal drinking water from an exposure assessment perspective</atitle><jtitle>Environmental research</jtitle><addtitle>Environ Res</addtitle><date>2012-04-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>114</volume><spage>1</spage><epage>11</epage><pages>1-11</pages><issn>0013-9351</issn><eissn>1096-0953</eissn><coden>ENVRAL</coden><abstract>Although disinfection by-products (DBPs) occur in complex mixtures, studies evaluating health risks have been focused in few chemicals. 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Spearman rank correlation coefficients between DBPs varied between species and across areas, being highest between dibromochloromethane and dibromochloroacetic acid (rs=0.87). Principal component analyses of 13 DBPs (4 THMs, 9 HAAs) led 3 components explaining more than 80% of variance. In conclusion, THMs and HAAs have limited value as predictors of other DBPs on a generalised basis. Principal component analysis provides a complementary tool to address the complex nature of the mixture. ► Disinfection by-products (DBPs) occur in mixtures. ► Studies evaluating human health risks of DBPs are focused in few chemicals. ► Correlations between DBPs ignores the complex nature of the mixture. ► DBP mixtures are summarised by principal component analysis in 3 independent variables.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>22436294</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.envres.2012.02.002</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record>
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source MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete
subjects Acetonitriles - analysis
Biological and medical sciences
Chloral Hydrate - analysis
Complex mixtures
Disifection by-products
Disinfection - methods
Drinking water
Drinking Water - analysis
Drinking Water - chemistry
Epidemiology
Exposure
Exposure assessment
Food toxicology
Furans - analysis
Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - analysis
Medical sciences
Principal Component Analysis
Spain
Toxicology
Trihalomethanes - analysis
Tumors
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water Purification
Water Supply - analysis
title Concentrations and correlations of disinfection by-products in municipal drinking water from an exposure assessment perspective
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