Concentrations and correlations of disinfection by-products in municipal drinking water from an exposure assessment perspective
Although disinfection by-products (DBPs) occur in complex mixtures, studies evaluating health risks have been focused in few chemicals. In the framework of an epidemiological study on cancer in 11 Spanish provinces, we describe the concentration of four trihalomethanes (THMs), nine haloacetic acids...
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creator | Villanueva, Cristina M. Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma Moreno, Víctor Carrasco-Turigas, Glòria Aragonés, Nuria Boldo, Elena Ardanaz, Eva Toledo, Estefanía Altzibar, Jone M. Zaldua, Itziar Azpiroz, Lourdes Goñi, Fernando Tardón, Adonina Molina, Antonio J. Martín, Vicente López-Rojo, Concepción Jiménez-Moleón, José J. Capelo, Rocío Gómez-Acebo, Inés Peiró, Rosana Ripoll, Mónica Gracia-Lavedan, Esther Nieuwenhujsen, Mark J. Rantakokko, Panu Goslan, Emma H. Pollán, Marina Kogevinas, Manolis |
description | Although disinfection by-products (DBPs) occur in complex mixtures, studies evaluating health risks have been focused in few chemicals. In the framework of an epidemiological study on cancer in 11 Spanish provinces, we describe the concentration of four trihalomethanes (THMs), nine haloacetic acids (HAA), 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), four haloacetonitries, two haloketones, chloropicrin and chloral hydrate and estimate correlations. A total of 233 tap water samples were collected in 2010. Principal component analyses were conducted to reduce dimensionality of DBPs. Overall median (range) level of THMs and HAAs was 26.4 (0.8–98.1) and 26.4 (0.9–86.9)μg/l, respectively (N=217). MX analysed in a subset (N=36) showed a median (range) concentration of 16.7 (0.8–54.1)ng/l. Haloacetonitries, haloketones, chloropicrin and chloral hydrate were analysed in a subset (N=16), showing levels from unquantifiable ( |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.envres.2012.02.002 |
format | Article |
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► Disinfection by-products (DBPs) occur in mixtures. ► Studies evaluating human health risks of DBPs are focused in few chemicals. ► Correlations between DBPs ignores the complex nature of the mixture. ► DBP mixtures are summarised by principal component analysis in 3 independent variables.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-9351</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1096-0953</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2012.02.002</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22436294</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ENVRAL</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Acetonitriles - analysis ; Biological and medical sciences ; Chloral Hydrate - analysis ; Complex mixtures ; Disifection by-products ; Disinfection - methods ; Drinking water ; Drinking Water - analysis ; Drinking Water - chemistry ; Epidemiology ; Exposure ; Exposure assessment ; Food toxicology ; Furans - analysis ; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - analysis ; Medical sciences ; Principal Component Analysis ; Spain ; Toxicology ; Trihalomethanes - analysis ; Tumors ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis ; Water Purification ; Water Supply - analysis</subject><ispartof>Environmental research, 2012-04, Vol.114, p.1-11</ispartof><rights>2012 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-c30be328006fc12be35efd039cfe792baf86b89ac149b9855f766e485332e93e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-c30be328006fc12be35efd039cfe792baf86b89ac149b9855f766e485332e93e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2012.02.002$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25754347$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22436294$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Villanueva, Cristina M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moreno, Víctor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carrasco-Turigas, Glòria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aragonés, Nuria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boldo, Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ardanaz, Eva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toledo, Estefanía</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Altzibar, Jone M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zaldua, Itziar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azpiroz, Lourdes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goñi, Fernando</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tardón, Adonina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Molina, Antonio J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martín, Vicente</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>López-Rojo, Concepción</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiménez-Moleón, José J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Capelo, Rocío</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gómez-Acebo, Inés</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peiró, Rosana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ripoll, Mónica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gracia-Lavedan, Esther</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nieuwenhujsen, Mark J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rantakokko, Panu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goslan, Emma H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pollán, Marina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kogevinas, Manolis</creatorcontrib><title>Concentrations and correlations of disinfection by-products in municipal drinking water from an exposure assessment perspective</title><title>Environmental research</title><addtitle>Environ Res</addtitle><description>Although disinfection by-products (DBPs) occur in complex mixtures, studies evaluating health risks have been focused in few chemicals. In the framework of an epidemiological study on cancer in 11 Spanish provinces, we describe the concentration of four trihalomethanes (THMs), nine haloacetic acids (HAA), 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), four haloacetonitries, two haloketones, chloropicrin and chloral hydrate and estimate correlations. A total of 233 tap water samples were collected in 2010. Principal component analyses were conducted to reduce dimensionality of DBPs. Overall median (range) level of THMs and HAAs was 26.4 (0.8–98.1) and 26.4 (0.9–86.9)μg/l, respectively (N=217). MX analysed in a subset (N=36) showed a median (range) concentration of 16.7 (0.8–54.1)ng/l. Haloacetonitries, haloketones, chloropicrin and chloral hydrate were analysed in a subset (N=16), showing levels from unquantifiable (<1μg/l) to 5.5μg/l (dibromoacetonitrile). Spearman rank correlation coefficients between DBPs varied between species and across areas, being highest between dibromochloromethane and dibromochloroacetic acid (rs=0.87). Principal component analyses of 13 DBPs (4 THMs, 9 HAAs) led 3 components explaining more than 80% of variance. In conclusion, THMs and HAAs have limited value as predictors of other DBPs on a generalised basis. Principal component analysis provides a complementary tool to address the complex nature of the mixture.
► Disinfection by-products (DBPs) occur in mixtures. ► Studies evaluating human health risks of DBPs are focused in few chemicals. ► Correlations between DBPs ignores the complex nature of the mixture. ► DBP mixtures are summarised by principal component analysis in 3 independent variables.</description><subject>Acetonitriles - analysis</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Chloral Hydrate - analysis</subject><subject>Complex mixtures</subject><subject>Disifection by-products</subject><subject>Disinfection - methods</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Drinking Water - analysis</subject><subject>Drinking Water - chemistry</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Exposure assessment</subject><subject>Food toxicology</subject><subject>Furans - analysis</subject><subject>Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - analysis</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Principal Component Analysis</subject><subject>Spain</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><subject>Trihalomethanes - analysis</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><subject>Water Purification</subject><subject>Water Supply - analysis</subject><issn>0013-9351</issn><issn>1096-0953</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU1v1DAQhi0EotvCP0DIF8Qpiz8SJ74goRXQSpW4wNlynDHyktjBk2zbE38dr3aht0ojezx65p3Ra0LecLbljKsP-y3EQwbcCsbFlpVg4hnZcKZVxXQjn5MNY1xWWjb8glwi7suTN5K9JBdC1FIJXW_In12KDuKS7RJSRGrjQF3KGcZzIXk6BAzRgzsWaP9QzTkNq1uQhkinNQYXZjvSIYf4K8Sf9M4ukKnPaSpqFO7nhGsGahEBcSqz6AwZ56PeAV6RF96OCK_P9xX58eXz9911dfvt683u023lpOZLOVkPUnSMKe-4KHkDfmBSOw-tFr31neo7bR2vda-7pvGtUlB3jZQCtAR5Rd6fdMvyv1fAxUwBHYyjjZBWNFrJTrRcdYWsT6TLCTGDN3MOk80PhjNzdN7szcl5c3TesBJMlLa35wFrP8Hwv-mf1QV4dwYsOjv6bKML-Mg1bVPLui3cxxMHxY5DgGzQBSifNIRcPDNDCk9v8hf7S6c7</recordid><startdate>20120401</startdate><enddate>20120401</enddate><creator>Villanueva, Cristina M.</creator><creator>Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma</creator><creator>Moreno, Víctor</creator><creator>Carrasco-Turigas, Glòria</creator><creator>Aragonés, Nuria</creator><creator>Boldo, Elena</creator><creator>Ardanaz, Eva</creator><creator>Toledo, Estefanía</creator><creator>Altzibar, Jone M.</creator><creator>Zaldua, Itziar</creator><creator>Azpiroz, Lourdes</creator><creator>Goñi, Fernando</creator><creator>Tardón, Adonina</creator><creator>Molina, Antonio J.</creator><creator>Martín, Vicente</creator><creator>López-Rojo, Concepción</creator><creator>Jiménez-Moleón, José J.</creator><creator>Capelo, Rocío</creator><creator>Gómez-Acebo, Inés</creator><creator>Peiró, Rosana</creator><creator>Ripoll, Mónica</creator><creator>Gracia-Lavedan, Esther</creator><creator>Nieuwenhujsen, Mark J.</creator><creator>Rantakokko, Panu</creator><creator>Goslan, Emma H.</creator><creator>Pollán, Marina</creator><creator>Kogevinas, Manolis</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120401</creationdate><title>Concentrations and correlations of disinfection by-products in municipal drinking water from an exposure assessment perspective</title><author>Villanueva, Cristina M. ; Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma ; Moreno, Víctor ; Carrasco-Turigas, Glòria ; Aragonés, Nuria ; Boldo, Elena ; Ardanaz, Eva ; Toledo, Estefanía ; Altzibar, Jone M. ; Zaldua, Itziar ; Azpiroz, Lourdes ; Goñi, Fernando ; Tardón, Adonina ; Molina, Antonio J. ; Martín, Vicente ; López-Rojo, Concepción ; Jiménez-Moleón, José J. ; Capelo, Rocío ; Gómez-Acebo, Inés ; Peiró, Rosana ; Ripoll, Mónica ; Gracia-Lavedan, Esther ; Nieuwenhujsen, Mark J. ; Rantakokko, Panu ; Goslan, Emma H. ; Pollán, Marina ; Kogevinas, Manolis</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c391t-c30be328006fc12be35efd039cfe792baf86b89ac149b9855f766e485332e93e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Acetonitriles - analysis</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Chloral Hydrate - analysis</topic><topic>Complex mixtures</topic><topic>Disifection by-products</topic><topic>Disinfection - methods</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Drinking Water - analysis</topic><topic>Drinking Water - chemistry</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Exposure assessment</topic><topic>Food toxicology</topic><topic>Furans - analysis</topic><topic>Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - analysis</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Principal Component Analysis</topic><topic>Spain</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><topic>Trihalomethanes - analysis</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</topic><topic>Water Purification</topic><topic>Water Supply - analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Villanueva, Cristina M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moreno, Víctor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carrasco-Turigas, Glòria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aragonés, Nuria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boldo, Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ardanaz, Eva</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toledo, Estefanía</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Altzibar, Jone M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zaldua, Itziar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Azpiroz, Lourdes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goñi, Fernando</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tardón, Adonina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Molina, Antonio J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martín, Vicente</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>López-Rojo, Concepción</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiménez-Moleón, José J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Capelo, Rocío</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gómez-Acebo, Inés</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peiró, Rosana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ripoll, Mónica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gracia-Lavedan, Esther</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nieuwenhujsen, Mark J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rantakokko, Panu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goslan, Emma H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pollán, Marina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kogevinas, Manolis</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Villanueva, Cristina M.</au><au>Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma</au><au>Moreno, Víctor</au><au>Carrasco-Turigas, Glòria</au><au>Aragonés, Nuria</au><au>Boldo, Elena</au><au>Ardanaz, Eva</au><au>Toledo, Estefanía</au><au>Altzibar, Jone M.</au><au>Zaldua, Itziar</au><au>Azpiroz, Lourdes</au><au>Goñi, Fernando</au><au>Tardón, Adonina</au><au>Molina, Antonio J.</au><au>Martín, Vicente</au><au>López-Rojo, Concepción</au><au>Jiménez-Moleón, José J.</au><au>Capelo, Rocío</au><au>Gómez-Acebo, Inés</au><au>Peiró, Rosana</au><au>Ripoll, Mónica</au><au>Gracia-Lavedan, Esther</au><au>Nieuwenhujsen, Mark J.</au><au>Rantakokko, Panu</au><au>Goslan, Emma H.</au><au>Pollán, Marina</au><au>Kogevinas, Manolis</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Concentrations and correlations of disinfection by-products in municipal drinking water from an exposure assessment perspective</atitle><jtitle>Environmental research</jtitle><addtitle>Environ Res</addtitle><date>2012-04-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>114</volume><spage>1</spage><epage>11</epage><pages>1-11</pages><issn>0013-9351</issn><eissn>1096-0953</eissn><coden>ENVRAL</coden><abstract>Although disinfection by-products (DBPs) occur in complex mixtures, studies evaluating health risks have been focused in few chemicals. In the framework of an epidemiological study on cancer in 11 Spanish provinces, we describe the concentration of four trihalomethanes (THMs), nine haloacetic acids (HAA), 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), four haloacetonitries, two haloketones, chloropicrin and chloral hydrate and estimate correlations. A total of 233 tap water samples were collected in 2010. Principal component analyses were conducted to reduce dimensionality of DBPs. Overall median (range) level of THMs and HAAs was 26.4 (0.8–98.1) and 26.4 (0.9–86.9)μg/l, respectively (N=217). MX analysed in a subset (N=36) showed a median (range) concentration of 16.7 (0.8–54.1)ng/l. Haloacetonitries, haloketones, chloropicrin and chloral hydrate were analysed in a subset (N=16), showing levels from unquantifiable (<1μg/l) to 5.5μg/l (dibromoacetonitrile). Spearman rank correlation coefficients between DBPs varied between species and across areas, being highest between dibromochloromethane and dibromochloroacetic acid (rs=0.87). Principal component analyses of 13 DBPs (4 THMs, 9 HAAs) led 3 components explaining more than 80% of variance. In conclusion, THMs and HAAs have limited value as predictors of other DBPs on a generalised basis. Principal component analysis provides a complementary tool to address the complex nature of the mixture.
► Disinfection by-products (DBPs) occur in mixtures. ► Studies evaluating human health risks of DBPs are focused in few chemicals. ► Correlations between DBPs ignores the complex nature of the mixture. ► DBP mixtures are summarised by principal component analysis in 3 independent variables.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>22436294</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.envres.2012.02.002</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Acetonitriles - analysis Biological and medical sciences Chloral Hydrate - analysis Complex mixtures Disifection by-products Disinfection - methods Drinking water Drinking Water - analysis Drinking Water - chemistry Epidemiology Exposure Exposure assessment Food toxicology Furans - analysis Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - analysis Medical sciences Principal Component Analysis Spain Toxicology Trihalomethanes - analysis Tumors Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water Purification Water Supply - analysis |
title | Concentrations and correlations of disinfection by-products in municipal drinking water from an exposure assessment perspective |
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