Heavy metal contamination and risk assessment in water, paddy soil, and rice around an electroplating plant
Purpose The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of long-term electroplating industrial activities on heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils and potential health risks for local residents. Methods Water, soil, and rice samples were collected from sites upstream (control) and down...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2011-11, Vol.18 (9), p.1623-1632 |
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| creator | Liu, Jie Zhang, Xue-Hong Tran, Henry Wang, Dun-Qiu Zhu, Yi-Nian |
| description | Purpose
The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of long-term electroplating industrial activities on heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils and potential health risks for local residents.
Methods
Water, soil, and rice samples were collected from sites upstream (control) and downstream of the electroplating wastewater outlet. The concentrations of heavy metals were determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Fractionation and risk assessment code (RAC) were used to evaluate the environmental risks of heavy metals in soils. The health risk index (HRI) and hazard index (HI) were calculated to assess potential health risks to local populations through rice consumption.
Results
Hazardous levels of Cu, Cr, and Ni were observed in water and paddy soils at sites near the plant. According to the RAC analysis, the soils showed a high risk for Ni and a medium risk for Cu and Cr at certain sites. The rice samples were primarily contaminated with Ni, followed by Cr and Cu. HRI values >1 were not found for any heavy metal. However, HI values for adults and children were 2.075 and 1.808, respectively.
Conclusion
Water, paddy soil, and rice from the studied area have been contaminated by Cu, Cr, and Ni. The contamination of these elements is related to the electroplating wastewater. Although no single metal poses health risks for local residents through rice consumption, the combination of several metals may threaten the health of local residents. Cu and Ni are the key components contributing to the potential health risks. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-011-0523-3 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_954639043</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2483792241</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c402t-990306c46c4a64158cd58af815aee38f661a4a02eeffafb3a2545e3a604225113</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kU1r3DAQhkVJaTZpf0AvReTSS9yOPtc6htAmgUAv7VlM7HFwYktbSW7Zf18tu2kgEBCMQI-eGeZl7KOALwJg_TULoYxtQIgGjFSNesNWwgrdrLVzR2wFTutGKK2P2UnODwASnFy_Y8eyUqJVsGKP14R_tnymghPvYig4jwHLGAPH0PM05keOOVPOM4XCx8D_YqF0zjfY91ue4zidH8iOOKa41DsGThN1JcXNVF3hntcaynv2dsAp04dDPWW_vn_7eXnd3P64urm8uG06DbI0zoEC2-l60Gph2q43LQ6tMEik2sFagRpBEg0DDncKpdGGFFrQUpq6klP2ee_dpPh7oVz8POaOpjoDxSV7Z7RVDrSq5NkL8iEuKdThfOvWrbROtRUSe6hLMedEg9-kcca09QL8Lge_z8HXHPwuB78TfzqIl7uZ-v8_nhZfAbkHcn0K95SeO79u_QftxpLB</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>897826938</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Heavy metal contamination and risk assessment in water, paddy soil, and rice around an electroplating plant</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals</source><creator>Liu, Jie ; Zhang, Xue-Hong ; Tran, Henry ; Wang, Dun-Qiu ; Zhu, Yi-Nian</creator><creatorcontrib>Liu, Jie ; Zhang, Xue-Hong ; Tran, Henry ; Wang, Dun-Qiu ; Zhu, Yi-Nian</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose
The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of long-term electroplating industrial activities on heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils and potential health risks for local residents.
Methods
Water, soil, and rice samples were collected from sites upstream (control) and downstream of the electroplating wastewater outlet. The concentrations of heavy metals were determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Fractionation and risk assessment code (RAC) were used to evaluate the environmental risks of heavy metals in soils. The health risk index (HRI) and hazard index (HI) were calculated to assess potential health risks to local populations through rice consumption.
Results
Hazardous levels of Cu, Cr, and Ni were observed in water and paddy soils at sites near the plant. According to the RAC analysis, the soils showed a high risk for Ni and a medium risk for Cu and Cr at certain sites. The rice samples were primarily contaminated with Ni, followed by Cr and Cu. HRI values >1 were not found for any heavy metal. However, HI values for adults and children were 2.075 and 1.808, respectively.
Conclusion
Water, paddy soil, and rice from the studied area have been contaminated by Cu, Cr, and Ni. The contamination of these elements is related to the electroplating wastewater. Although no single metal poses health risks for local residents through rice consumption, the combination of several metals may threaten the health of local residents. Cu and Ni are the key components contributing to the potential health risks.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-011-0523-3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21611830</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Absorption ; Agricultural land ; Agricultural pollution ; Analytical chemistry ; Aquatic Pollution ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Chromium ; Consumption ; Contamination ; Crops, Agricultural - chemistry ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecotoxicology ; Electroplating ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Environmental Monitoring - methods ; Environmental Pollution - analysis ; Environmental risk ; Factories ; Food Contamination ; Fractionation ; Health risk assessment ; Health risks ; Heavy metal content ; Heavy metals ; Industrial areas ; Industrial pollution ; Industrial Waste ; Industrial wastes ; Industrial wastewater ; Laboratories ; Local population ; Manufacturing ; Metal concentrations ; Metals, Heavy - analysis ; Oryza - chemistry ; Oryza sativa ; Plating ; Polyethylene ; Production capacity ; Research Article ; Rice ; Rice fields ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Sludge ; Soil - analysis ; Soil - chemistry ; Soil contaminants ; Soil Pollutants - analysis ; Soil pollution ; Soils ; Spectral analysis ; Studies ; Waste Water Technology ; Wastewater ; Water ; Water Management ; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis ; Water Pollution Control</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2011-11, Vol.18 (9), p.1623-1632</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag 2011</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c402t-990306c46c4a64158cd58af815aee38f661a4a02eeffafb3a2545e3a604225113</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c402t-990306c46c4a64158cd58af815aee38f661a4a02eeffafb3a2545e3a604225113</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-011-0523-3$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-011-0523-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21611830$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Xue-Hong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tran, Henry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Dun-Qiu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Yi-Nian</creatorcontrib><title>Heavy metal contamination and risk assessment in water, paddy soil, and rice around an electroplating plant</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>Purpose
The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of long-term electroplating industrial activities on heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils and potential health risks for local residents.
Methods
Water, soil, and rice samples were collected from sites upstream (control) and downstream of the electroplating wastewater outlet. The concentrations of heavy metals were determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Fractionation and risk assessment code (RAC) were used to evaluate the environmental risks of heavy metals in soils. The health risk index (HRI) and hazard index (HI) were calculated to assess potential health risks to local populations through rice consumption.
Results
Hazardous levels of Cu, Cr, and Ni were observed in water and paddy soils at sites near the plant. According to the RAC analysis, the soils showed a high risk for Ni and a medium risk for Cu and Cr at certain sites. The rice samples were primarily contaminated with Ni, followed by Cr and Cu. HRI values >1 were not found for any heavy metal. However, HI values for adults and children were 2.075 and 1.808, respectively.
Conclusion
Water, paddy soil, and rice from the studied area have been contaminated by Cu, Cr, and Ni. The contamination of these elements is related to the electroplating wastewater. Although no single metal poses health risks for local residents through rice consumption, the combination of several metals may threaten the health of local residents. Cu and Ni are the key components contributing to the potential health risks.</description><subject>Absorption</subject><subject>Agricultural land</subject><subject>Agricultural pollution</subject><subject>Analytical chemistry</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Chromium</subject><subject>Consumption</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Crops, Agricultural - chemistry</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Electroplating</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring - methods</subject><subject>Environmental Pollution - analysis</subject><subject>Environmental risk</subject><subject>Factories</subject><subject>Food Contamination</subject><subject>Fractionation</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Heavy metal content</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Industrial areas</subject><subject>Industrial pollution</subject><subject>Industrial Waste</subject><subject>Industrial wastes</subject><subject>Industrial wastewater</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Local population</subject><subject>Manufacturing</subject><subject>Metal concentrations</subject><subject>Metals, Heavy - analysis</subject><subject>Oryza - chemistry</subject><subject>Oryza sativa</subject><subject>Plating</subject><subject>Polyethylene</subject><subject>Production capacity</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Rice</subject><subject>Rice fields</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Sludge</subject><subject>Soil - analysis</subject><subject>Soil - chemistry</subject><subject>Soil contaminants</subject><subject>Soil Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Soil pollution</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Spectral analysis</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Wastewater</subject><subject>Water</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><issn>0944-1344</issn><issn>1614-7499</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kU1r3DAQhkVJaTZpf0AvReTSS9yOPtc6htAmgUAv7VlM7HFwYktbSW7Zf18tu2kgEBCMQI-eGeZl7KOALwJg_TULoYxtQIgGjFSNesNWwgrdrLVzR2wFTutGKK2P2UnODwASnFy_Y8eyUqJVsGKP14R_tnymghPvYig4jwHLGAPH0PM05keOOVPOM4XCx8D_YqF0zjfY91ue4zidH8iOOKa41DsGThN1JcXNVF3hntcaynv2dsAp04dDPWW_vn_7eXnd3P64urm8uG06DbI0zoEC2-l60Gph2q43LQ6tMEik2sFagRpBEg0DDncKpdGGFFrQUpq6klP2ee_dpPh7oVz8POaOpjoDxSV7Z7RVDrSq5NkL8iEuKdThfOvWrbROtRUSe6hLMedEg9-kcca09QL8Lge_z8HXHPwuB78TfzqIl7uZ-v8_nhZfAbkHcn0K95SeO79u_QftxpLB</recordid><startdate>20111101</startdate><enddate>20111101</enddate><creator>Liu, Jie</creator><creator>Zhang, Xue-Hong</creator><creator>Tran, Henry</creator><creator>Wang, Dun-Qiu</creator><creator>Zhu, Yi-Nian</creator><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7U1</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20111101</creationdate><title>Heavy metal contamination and risk assessment in water, paddy soil, and rice around an electroplating plant</title><author>Liu, Jie ; Zhang, Xue-Hong ; Tran, Henry ; Wang, Dun-Qiu ; Zhu, Yi-Nian</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c402t-990306c46c4a64158cd58af815aee38f661a4a02eeffafb3a2545e3a604225113</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Absorption</topic><topic>Agricultural land</topic><topic>Agricultural pollution</topic><topic>Analytical chemistry</topic><topic>Aquatic Pollution</topic><topic>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</topic><topic>Chromium</topic><topic>Consumption</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Crops, Agricultural - chemistry</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology</topic><topic>Electroplating</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Chemistry</topic><topic>Environmental Health</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring - methods</topic><topic>Environmental Pollution - analysis</topic><topic>Environmental risk</topic><topic>Factories</topic><topic>Food Contamination</topic><topic>Fractionation</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Heavy metal content</topic><topic>Heavy metals</topic><topic>Industrial areas</topic><topic>Industrial pollution</topic><topic>Industrial Waste</topic><topic>Industrial wastes</topic><topic>Industrial wastewater</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Local population</topic><topic>Manufacturing</topic><topic>Metal concentrations</topic><topic>Metals, Heavy - analysis</topic><topic>Oryza - chemistry</topic><topic>Oryza sativa</topic><topic>Plating</topic><topic>Polyethylene</topic><topic>Production capacity</topic><topic>Research Article</topic><topic>Rice</topic><topic>Rice fields</topic><topic>Risk Assessment</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Sludge</topic><topic>Soil - analysis</topic><topic>Soil - chemistry</topic><topic>Soil contaminants</topic><topic>Soil Pollutants - analysis</topic><topic>Soil pollution</topic><topic>Soils</topic><topic>Spectral analysis</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Waste Water Technology</topic><topic>Wastewater</topic><topic>Water</topic><topic>Water Management</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis</topic><topic>Water Pollution Control</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liu, Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Xue-Hong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tran, Henry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Dun-Qiu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Yi-Nian</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (PDF only)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Professional Advanced</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Global</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Risk Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liu, Jie</au><au>Zhang, Xue-Hong</au><au>Tran, Henry</au><au>Wang, Dun-Qiu</au><au>Zhu, Yi-Nian</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Heavy metal contamination and risk assessment in water, paddy soil, and rice around an electroplating plant</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2011-11-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>18</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1623</spage><epage>1632</epage><pages>1623-1632</pages><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>Purpose
The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of long-term electroplating industrial activities on heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils and potential health risks for local residents.
Methods
Water, soil, and rice samples were collected from sites upstream (control) and downstream of the electroplating wastewater outlet. The concentrations of heavy metals were determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Fractionation and risk assessment code (RAC) were used to evaluate the environmental risks of heavy metals in soils. The health risk index (HRI) and hazard index (HI) were calculated to assess potential health risks to local populations through rice consumption.
Results
Hazardous levels of Cu, Cr, and Ni were observed in water and paddy soils at sites near the plant. According to the RAC analysis, the soils showed a high risk for Ni and a medium risk for Cu and Cr at certain sites. The rice samples were primarily contaminated with Ni, followed by Cr and Cu. HRI values >1 were not found for any heavy metal. However, HI values for adults and children were 2.075 and 1.808, respectively.
Conclusion
Water, paddy soil, and rice from the studied area have been contaminated by Cu, Cr, and Ni. The contamination of these elements is related to the electroplating wastewater. Although no single metal poses health risks for local residents through rice consumption, the combination of several metals may threaten the health of local residents. Cu and Ni are the key components contributing to the potential health risks.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>21611830</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-011-0523-3</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Absorption Agricultural land Agricultural pollution Analytical chemistry Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Chromium Consumption Contamination Crops, Agricultural - chemistry Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Electroplating Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental Monitoring - methods Environmental Pollution - analysis Environmental risk Factories Food Contamination Fractionation Health risk assessment Health risks Heavy metal content Heavy metals Industrial areas Industrial pollution Industrial Waste Industrial wastes Industrial wastewater Laboratories Local population Manufacturing Metal concentrations Metals, Heavy - analysis Oryza - chemistry Oryza sativa Plating Polyethylene Production capacity Research Article Rice Rice fields Risk Assessment Risk Factors Sludge Soil - analysis Soil - chemistry Soil contaminants Soil Pollutants - analysis Soil pollution Soils Spectral analysis Studies Waste Water Technology Wastewater Water Water Management Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis Water Pollution Control |
| title | Heavy metal contamination and risk assessment in water, paddy soil, and rice around an electroplating plant |
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