Hair cortisol as a biological marker of chronic stress: Current status, future directions and unanswered questions
Summary The detrimental effects of stress on human health are being increasingly recognized. There is a critical need for the establishment of a biomarker that accurately measures its intensity and course over time. Such a biomarker would allow monitoring of stress, increase understanding of its pat...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Psychoneuroendocrinology 2012-05, Vol.37 (5), p.589-601 |
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| creator | Russell, Evan Koren, Gideon Rieder, Michael Van Uum, Stan |
| description | Summary The detrimental effects of stress on human health are being increasingly recognized. There is a critical need for the establishment of a biomarker that accurately measures its intensity and course over time. Such a biomarker would allow monitoring of stress, increase understanding of its pathophysiology and may help identify appropriate and successful management strategies. Whereas saliva and urine cortisol capture real-time levels, hair cortisol analysis presents a complementary means of monitoring stress, capturing systemic cortisol exposure over longer periods of time. This novel approach for cortisol quantification is being increasingly used to identify the effects of stress in a variety of pathological situations, from chronic pain to acute myocardial infarctions. Because of its ability to provide a long-term, month-by-month measure of systemic cortisol exposure, hair cortisol analysis is becoming a useful tool, capable of answering clinical questions that could previously not be answered by other tests. In this paper we review the development, current status, limitations and outstanding questions regarding the use of hair cortisol as a biomarker of chronic stress. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.09.009 |
| format | Article |
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There is a critical need for the establishment of a biomarker that accurately measures its intensity and course over time. Such a biomarker would allow monitoring of stress, increase understanding of its pathophysiology and may help identify appropriate and successful management strategies. Whereas saliva and urine cortisol capture real-time levels, hair cortisol analysis presents a complementary means of monitoring stress, capturing systemic cortisol exposure over longer periods of time. This novel approach for cortisol quantification is being increasingly used to identify the effects of stress in a variety of pathological situations, from chronic pain to acute myocardial infarctions. Because of its ability to provide a long-term, month-by-month measure of systemic cortisol exposure, hair cortisol analysis is becoming a useful tool, capable of answering clinical questions that could previously not be answered by other tests. In this paper we review the development, current status, limitations and outstanding questions regarding the use of hair cortisol as a biomarker of chronic stress.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0306-4530</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-3360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.09.009</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21974976</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PSYCDE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Behavioral psychophysiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; biomarkers ; Biomarkers - analysis ; Chronic Disease ; Chronic stress ; Cortisol ; Endocrinology & Metabolism ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Glucocorticoids - therapeutic use ; Hair ; Hair - chemistry ; Hair analysis ; Hormones and behavior ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; Hydrocortisone - analysis ; Male ; Myocardial infarction ; Pain ; Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. 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There is a critical need for the establishment of a biomarker that accurately measures its intensity and course over time. Such a biomarker would allow monitoring of stress, increase understanding of its pathophysiology and may help identify appropriate and successful management strategies. Whereas saliva and urine cortisol capture real-time levels, hair cortisol analysis presents a complementary means of monitoring stress, capturing systemic cortisol exposure over longer periods of time. This novel approach for cortisol quantification is being increasingly used to identify the effects of stress in a variety of pathological situations, from chronic pain to acute myocardial infarctions. Because of its ability to provide a long-term, month-by-month measure of systemic cortisol exposure, hair cortisol analysis is becoming a useful tool, capable of answering clinical questions that could previously not be answered by other tests. In this paper we review the development, current status, limitations and outstanding questions regarding the use of hair cortisol as a biomarker of chronic stress.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Behavioral psychophysiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>biomarkers</subject><subject>Biomarkers - analysis</subject><subject>Chronic Disease</subject><subject>Chronic stress</subject><subject>Cortisol</subject><subject>Endocrinology & Metabolism</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Glucocorticoids - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Hair</subject><subject>Hair - chemistry</subject><subject>Hair analysis</subject><subject>Hormones and behavior</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydrocortisone</subject><subject>Hydrocortisone - analysis</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Myocardial infarction</subject><subject>Pain</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Reviews</subject><subject>Saliva</subject><subject>Saliva - chemistry</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - diagnosis</subject><subject>Urine</subject><issn>0306-4530</issn><issn>1873-3360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFksGO0zAQhiMEYsvCK6x8QXCgxWOnTsxhBaqARVqJA3C2HGcM7qZ28SSgvj3OtgsSBzhZlr-Zsf5vquoC-Ao4qJfb1Z4OESeMK8EBVlyvONf3qgW0jVxKqfj9asElV8t6LflZ9YhoyzlXrRIPqzMBuql1oxZVvrIhM5fyGCgNzBKzrAtpSF-DswPb2XyDmSXP3LecYnCMxoxEr9hmyhnjWO52nOgF89M4ZWR9yOjGkGJpFHs2RRvpJ2bs2fcJ6fbhcfXA24Hwyek8r768e_t5c7W8_vj-w-bN9dKt23pcevC9lNiqVjhfQ9sJp_padkrh2lsJjeq44K6BzncAbetbr4E7ITR46Vwrz6tnx777nG6Hm10gh8NgI6aJjJa1UEqvZSGf_5MsiYMAKSQvqDqiLieijN7scygpHQo0c8pszZ0ZM5sxXJtiphRenGZM3Q7732V3Kgrw9ARYKtH7bKML9IdbN6qRGgr3-shhye5HwGzIBYwOj9GbPoX__-XyrxZuCHEWfoMHpG2acixmDBgShptP8x7NawTAuWh0LX8BvAbGSA</recordid><startdate>20120501</startdate><enddate>20120501</enddate><creator>Russell, Evan</creator><creator>Koren, Gideon</creator><creator>Rieder, Michael</creator><creator>Van Uum, Stan</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120501</creationdate><title>Hair cortisol as a biological marker of chronic stress: Current status, future directions and unanswered questions</title><author>Russell, Evan ; Koren, Gideon ; Rieder, Michael ; Van Uum, Stan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c584t-f1fd33e8682cf418b2c6d43b66e5fa3176b020c71bfb1188f8f910c2291f3cc83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Behavioral psychophysiology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>biomarkers</topic><topic>Biomarkers - analysis</topic><topic>Chronic Disease</topic><topic>Chronic stress</topic><topic>Cortisol</topic><topic>Endocrinology & Metabolism</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Glucocorticoids - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Hair</topic><topic>Hair - chemistry</topic><topic>Hair analysis</topic><topic>Hormones and behavior</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hydrocortisone</topic><topic>Hydrocortisone - analysis</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Myocardial infarction</topic><topic>Pain</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Reviews</topic><topic>Saliva</topic><topic>Saliva - chemistry</topic><topic>Stress</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - diagnosis</topic><topic>Urine</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Russell, Evan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koren, Gideon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rieder, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Van Uum, Stan</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Psychoneuroendocrinology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Russell, Evan</au><au>Koren, Gideon</au><au>Rieder, Michael</au><au>Van Uum, Stan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Hair cortisol as a biological marker of chronic stress: Current status, future directions and unanswered questions</atitle><jtitle>Psychoneuroendocrinology</jtitle><addtitle>Psychoneuroendocrinology</addtitle><date>2012-05-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>37</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>589</spage><epage>601</epage><pages>589-601</pages><issn>0306-4530</issn><eissn>1873-3360</eissn><coden>PSYCDE</coden><abstract>Summary The detrimental effects of stress on human health are being increasingly recognized. There is a critical need for the establishment of a biomarker that accurately measures its intensity and course over time. Such a biomarker would allow monitoring of stress, increase understanding of its pathophysiology and may help identify appropriate and successful management strategies. Whereas saliva and urine cortisol capture real-time levels, hair cortisol analysis presents a complementary means of monitoring stress, capturing systemic cortisol exposure over longer periods of time. This novel approach for cortisol quantification is being increasingly used to identify the effects of stress in a variety of pathological situations, from chronic pain to acute myocardial infarctions. Because of its ability to provide a long-term, month-by-month measure of systemic cortisol exposure, hair cortisol analysis is becoming a useful tool, capable of answering clinical questions that could previously not be answered by other tests. 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| subjects | Animals Behavioral psychophysiology Biological and medical sciences biomarkers Biomarkers - analysis Chronic Disease Chronic stress Cortisol Endocrinology & Metabolism Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Glucocorticoids - therapeutic use Hair Hair - chemistry Hair analysis Hormones and behavior Humans Hydrocortisone Hydrocortisone - analysis Male Myocardial infarction Pain Psychiatry Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Reviews Saliva Saliva - chemistry Stress Stress, Psychological - diagnosis Urine |
| title | Hair cortisol as a biological marker of chronic stress: Current status, future directions and unanswered questions |
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