Jigger flea infestation (tungiasis) in rural western Tanzania: high prevalence and severe morbidity
Epidemiologic and clinical data on the parasitic skin disease tungiasis are limited from sub-Saharan Africa, and virtually nonexistent from the East African region. We performed a community-based cross-sectional study in two villages in Kasulu district, western Tanzania. Study participants were exam...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2012-04, Vol.106 (4), p.259-263 |
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| creator | Mazigo, H.D. Bahemana, E. Konje, E.T. Dyegura, O. Mnyone, L.L. Kweka, E.J. Kidenya, B.R. Heukelbach, J. |
| description | Epidemiologic and clinical data on the parasitic skin disease tungiasis are limited from sub-Saharan Africa, and virtually nonexistent from the East African region. We performed a community-based cross-sectional study in two villages in Kasulu district, western Tanzania. Study participants were examined for the presence of tungiasis and disease-associated morbidity. In total, 586 individuals >5 years of age were enrolled, and 249 (42.5%; 95% CI: 38.5–46.5) diagnosed with tungiasis. The ≥45 year-olds showed highest prevalence of tungiasis (71.1%) and most severe parasite load (median number of embedded fleas: 17.5; interquartile range: 15–22.5). Prevalence was slightly, but not significantly, higher in males than in females (45.3 vs 39.7%; p=0.17). Itching (68.3%), pain (38.6%) and ulcers (30.1%) were common; 22.1% of individuals found it difficult to walk due to tungiasis, and in 21.3% loss of toenails was observed. Considering the high prevalence and considerable morbidity in the population, we conclude that tungiasis is a public health threat in the study villages and that the disease needs to be recognized by health authorities. Future studies on risk factors, animal reservoirs and evidence-based control measures are needed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.12.001 |
| format | Article |
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We performed a community-based cross-sectional study in two villages in Kasulu district, western Tanzania. Study participants were examined for the presence of tungiasis and disease-associated morbidity. In total, 586 individuals >5 years of age were enrolled, and 249 (42.5%; 95% CI: 38.5–46.5) diagnosed with tungiasis. The ≥45 year-olds showed highest prevalence of tungiasis (71.1%) and most severe parasite load (median number of embedded fleas: 17.5; interquartile range: 15–22.5). Prevalence was slightly, but not significantly, higher in males than in females (45.3 vs 39.7%; p=0.17). Itching (68.3%), pain (38.6%) and ulcers (30.1%) were common; 22.1% of individuals found it difficult to walk due to tungiasis, and in 21.3% loss of toenails was observed. Considering the high prevalence and considerable morbidity in the population, we conclude that tungiasis is a public health threat in the study villages and that the disease needs to be recognized by health authorities. Future studies on risk factors, animal reservoirs and evidence-based control measures are needed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0035-9203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-3503</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.12.001</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22305586</identifier><identifier>CODEN: TRSTAZ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Africa ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Flea Infestations - epidemiology ; General aspects ; Human parasitic diseases due to arthropods ; Humans ; Infectious diseases ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; Morbidity ; Needs Assessment ; Parasitic diseases ; Poverty Areas ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Risk Factors ; Rural Health - statistics & numerical data ; Rural Population - statistics & numerical data ; Severity of Illness Index ; Tanzania ; Tanzania - epidemiology ; Tunga ; Tungiasis ; Tungiasis - epidemiology ; Tungiasis - immunology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2012-04, Vol.106 (4), p.259-263</ispartof><rights>2011 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 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Future studies on risk factors, animal reservoirs and evidence-based control measures are needed.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>22305586</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.12.001</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2012-04, Vol.106 (4), p.259-263 |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Africa Animals Biological and medical sciences Child Cross-Sectional Studies Female Flea Infestations - epidemiology General aspects Human parasitic diseases due to arthropods Humans Infectious diseases Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Morbidity Needs Assessment Parasitic diseases Poverty Areas Prevalence Public Health Risk Factors Rural Health - statistics & numerical data Rural Population - statistics & numerical data Severity of Illness Index Tanzania Tanzania - epidemiology Tunga Tungiasis Tungiasis - epidemiology Tungiasis - immunology Young Adult |
| title | Jigger flea infestation (tungiasis) in rural western Tanzania: high prevalence and severe morbidity |
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