The effectiveness of opioid maintenance treatment in prison settings: a systematic review
ABSTRACT Aims To review evidence on the effectiveness of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) in prison and post‐release. Methods Systematic review of experimental and observational studies of prisoners receiving OMT regarding treatment retention, opioid use, risk behaviours, human immunodeficiency...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Addiction (Abingdon, England) England), 2012-03, Vol.107 (3), p.501-517 |
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| creator | Hedrich, Dagmar Alves, Paula Farrell, Michael Stöver, Heino Møller, Lars Mayet, Soraya |
| description | ABSTRACT
Aims To review evidence on the effectiveness of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) in prison and post‐release.
Methods Systematic review of experimental and observational studies of prisoners receiving OMT regarding treatment retention, opioid use, risk behaviours, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) incidence, criminality, re‐incarceration and mortality. We searched electronic research databases, specialist journals and the EMCDDA library for relevant studies until January 2011. Review conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
Results Twenty‐one studies were identified: six experimental and 15 observational. OMT was associated significantly with reduced heroin use, injecting and syringe‐sharing in prison if doses were adequate. Pre‐release OMT was associated significantly with increased treatment entry and retention after release if arrangements existed to continue treatment. For other outcomes, associations with pre‐release OMT were weaker. Four of five studies found post‐release reductions in heroin use. Evidence regarding crime and re‐incarceration was equivocal. There was insufficient evidence concerning HIV/HCV incidence. There was limited evidence that pre‐release OMT reduces post‐release mortality. Disruption of OMT continuity, especially due to brief periods of imprisonment, was associated with very significant increases in HCV incidence.
Conclusions Benefits of prison OMT are similar to those in community settings. OMT presents an opportunity to recruit problem opioid users into treatment, to reduce illicit opioid use and risk behaviours in prison and potentially minimize overdose risks on release. If liaison with community‐based programmes exists, prison OMT facilitates continuity of treatment and longer‐term benefits can be achieved. For prisoners in OMT before imprisonment, prison OMT provides treatment continuity. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03676.x |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_928988934</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>927987813</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6186-e338ae4d4f7bcaac05349ece97fc3b3a804951ae9c089180091b8ac6832fdc693</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNktuLEzEUh4Mobl39FyQIoi8zJpPLJMI-LHtTLAqy3p5Cmp7R1LnUJN1t_3sz21rBB2leEsj3OzmcfAhhSkqa16tFSZkkBeGclRWhtCRM1rJc30OT_cV9NCFaiqKinByhRzEuCCG10vwhOqqoFoIwNkHfrn8AhqYBl_wN9BAjHho8LP3g57izvk_Q294BTgFs6qBP2Pd4GXwcehwhJd9_j6-xxXETE3Q2eYcD3Hi4fYweNLaN8GS3H6NPlxfXZ2-K6Yert2en08JJqmQBjCkLfM6beuasdUQwrsGBrhvHZswqwrWgFrQjSlNFiKYzZZ1UrGrmTmp2jF5s6y7D8GsFMZnORwdta3sYVtHoSmmlNOMHkLVWtaLsAFIqJTWXmXz5X5ISRjKp8rQPQxW5Q5_9gy6GVejzGPPTpJJCV2OTagu5MMQYoDH5WzobNrmSGTUxCzPaYEYbzKiJudPErHP06a7-atbBfB_840UGnu8AG51tm5Ad8PEvJ4QYJ5C5ky1361vYHNyAOT0_H085X2zzPtuz3udt-GlkzWphvry_MuLr56n4qN6Ziv0GAlvlmg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>920265923</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The effectiveness of opioid maintenance treatment in prison settings: a systematic review</title><source>Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Journals</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Sociological Abstracts</source><creator>Hedrich, Dagmar ; Alves, Paula ; Farrell, Michael ; Stöver, Heino ; Møller, Lars ; Mayet, Soraya</creator><creatorcontrib>Hedrich, Dagmar ; Alves, Paula ; Farrell, Michael ; Stöver, Heino ; Møller, Lars ; Mayet, Soraya</creatorcontrib><description>ABSTRACT
Aims To review evidence on the effectiveness of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) in prison and post‐release.
Methods Systematic review of experimental and observational studies of prisoners receiving OMT regarding treatment retention, opioid use, risk behaviours, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) incidence, criminality, re‐incarceration and mortality. We searched electronic research databases, specialist journals and the EMCDDA library for relevant studies until January 2011. Review conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
Results Twenty‐one studies were identified: six experimental and 15 observational. OMT was associated significantly with reduced heroin use, injecting and syringe‐sharing in prison if doses were adequate. Pre‐release OMT was associated significantly with increased treatment entry and retention after release if arrangements existed to continue treatment. For other outcomes, associations with pre‐release OMT were weaker. Four of five studies found post‐release reductions in heroin use. Evidence regarding crime and re‐incarceration was equivocal. There was insufficient evidence concerning HIV/HCV incidence. There was limited evidence that pre‐release OMT reduces post‐release mortality. Disruption of OMT continuity, especially due to brief periods of imprisonment, was associated with very significant increases in HCV incidence.
Conclusions Benefits of prison OMT are similar to those in community settings. OMT presents an opportunity to recruit problem opioid users into treatment, to reduce illicit opioid use and risk behaviours in prison and potentially minimize overdose risks on release. If liaison with community‐based programmes exists, prison OMT facilitates continuity of treatment and longer‐term benefits can be achieved. For prisoners in OMT before imprisonment, prison OMT provides treatment continuity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0965-2140</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1360-0443</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03676.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21955033</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ADICE5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ; Addictive behaviors ; Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; AIDS ; Attrition ; Biological and medical sciences ; Buprenorphine ; Buprenorphine - therapeutic use ; Cocaine-Related Disorders - rehabilitation ; Continuity of Patient Care ; Crime - statistics & numerical data ; Drug addiction ; Drug use ; drug-injecting ; Effectiveness ; Epidemiologic Methods ; HCV incidence ; Hepatitis C virus ; Heroin ; heroin dependence ; Heroin Dependence - rehabilitation ; HIV ; Humans ; Imprisonment ; Medical sciences ; methadone ; Methadone - therapeutic use ; Miscellaneous ; Mortality ; Mortality Rates ; Narcotics - therapeutic use ; Opiate Substitution Treatment - methods ; Opiates ; opioid maintenance treatment ; Opioid-Related Disorders - mortality ; Opioid-Related Disorders - rehabilitation ; Patient Compliance ; Prisoners ; Prisons ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopathology. Psychiatry ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; re-incarceration ; review ; Risk ; risk behaviours ; Risk-Taking ; Street Drugs ; Substance abuse treatment ; Systematic review ; Treatment Outcome ; Treatment Outcomes</subject><ispartof>Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2012-03, Vol.107 (3), p.501-517</ispartof><rights>2011 The Authors, Addiction © 2011 Society for the Study of Addiction</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>2011 The Authors, Addiction © 2011 Society for the Study of Addiction.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6186-e338ae4d4f7bcaac05349ece97fc3b3a804951ae9c089180091b8ac6832fdc693</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6186-e338ae4d4f7bcaac05349ece97fc3b3a804951ae9c089180091b8ac6832fdc693</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1360-0443.2011.03676.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1360-0443.2011.03676.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,33752,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25556886$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21955033$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hedrich, Dagmar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alves, Paula</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Farrell, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stöver, Heino</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Møller, Lars</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mayet, Soraya</creatorcontrib><title>The effectiveness of opioid maintenance treatment in prison settings: a systematic review</title><title>Addiction (Abingdon, England)</title><addtitle>Addiction</addtitle><description>ABSTRACT
Aims To review evidence on the effectiveness of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) in prison and post‐release.
Methods Systematic review of experimental and observational studies of prisoners receiving OMT regarding treatment retention, opioid use, risk behaviours, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) incidence, criminality, re‐incarceration and mortality. We searched electronic research databases, specialist journals and the EMCDDA library for relevant studies until January 2011. Review conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
Results Twenty‐one studies were identified: six experimental and 15 observational. OMT was associated significantly with reduced heroin use, injecting and syringe‐sharing in prison if doses were adequate. Pre‐release OMT was associated significantly with increased treatment entry and retention after release if arrangements existed to continue treatment. For other outcomes, associations with pre‐release OMT were weaker. Four of five studies found post‐release reductions in heroin use. Evidence regarding crime and re‐incarceration was equivocal. There was insufficient evidence concerning HIV/HCV incidence. There was limited evidence that pre‐release OMT reduces post‐release mortality. Disruption of OMT continuity, especially due to brief periods of imprisonment, was associated with very significant increases in HCV incidence.
Conclusions Benefits of prison OMT are similar to those in community settings. OMT presents an opportunity to recruit problem opioid users into treatment, to reduce illicit opioid use and risk behaviours in prison and potentially minimize overdose risks on release. If liaison with community‐based programmes exists, prison OMT facilitates continuity of treatment and longer‐term benefits can be achieved. For prisoners in OMT before imprisonment, prison OMT provides treatment continuity.</description><subject>Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome</subject><subject>Addictive behaviors</subject><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>AIDS</subject><subject>Attrition</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Buprenorphine</subject><subject>Buprenorphine - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Cocaine-Related Disorders - rehabilitation</subject><subject>Continuity of Patient Care</subject><subject>Crime - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Drug addiction</subject><subject>Drug use</subject><subject>drug-injecting</subject><subject>Effectiveness</subject><subject>Epidemiologic Methods</subject><subject>HCV incidence</subject><subject>Hepatitis C virus</subject><subject>Heroin</subject><subject>heroin dependence</subject><subject>Heroin Dependence - rehabilitation</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Imprisonment</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>methadone</subject><subject>Methadone - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Mortality Rates</subject><subject>Narcotics - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Opiate Substitution Treatment - methods</subject><subject>Opiates</subject><subject>opioid maintenance treatment</subject><subject>Opioid-Related Disorders - mortality</subject><subject>Opioid-Related Disorders - rehabilitation</subject><subject>Patient Compliance</subject><subject>Prisoners</subject><subject>Prisons</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</subject><subject>re-incarceration</subject><subject>review</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>risk behaviours</subject><subject>Risk-Taking</subject><subject>Street Drugs</subject><subject>Substance abuse treatment</subject><subject>Systematic review</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><subject>Treatment Outcomes</subject><issn>0965-2140</issn><issn>1360-0443</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNktuLEzEUh4Mobl39FyQIoi8zJpPLJMI-LHtTLAqy3p5Cmp7R1LnUJN1t_3sz21rBB2leEsj3OzmcfAhhSkqa16tFSZkkBeGclRWhtCRM1rJc30OT_cV9NCFaiqKinByhRzEuCCG10vwhOqqoFoIwNkHfrn8AhqYBl_wN9BAjHho8LP3g57izvk_Q294BTgFs6qBP2Pd4GXwcehwhJd9_j6-xxXETE3Q2eYcD3Hi4fYweNLaN8GS3H6NPlxfXZ2-K6Yert2en08JJqmQBjCkLfM6beuasdUQwrsGBrhvHZswqwrWgFrQjSlNFiKYzZZ1UrGrmTmp2jF5s6y7D8GsFMZnORwdta3sYVtHoSmmlNOMHkLVWtaLsAFIqJTWXmXz5X5ISRjKp8rQPQxW5Q5_9gy6GVejzGPPTpJJCV2OTagu5MMQYoDH5WzobNrmSGTUxCzPaYEYbzKiJudPErHP06a7-atbBfB_840UGnu8AG51tm5Ad8PEvJ4QYJ5C5ky1361vYHNyAOT0_H085X2zzPtuz3udt-GlkzWphvry_MuLr56n4qN6Ziv0GAlvlmg</recordid><startdate>201203</startdate><enddate>201203</enddate><creator>Hedrich, Dagmar</creator><creator>Alves, Paula</creator><creator>Farrell, Michael</creator><creator>Stöver, Heino</creator><creator>Møller, Lars</creator><creator>Mayet, Soraya</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Blackwell</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7U4</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>DWI</scope><scope>WZK</scope><scope>7U3</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U1</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201203</creationdate><title>The effectiveness of opioid maintenance treatment in prison settings: a systematic review</title><author>Hedrich, Dagmar ; Alves, Paula ; Farrell, Michael ; Stöver, Heino ; Møller, Lars ; Mayet, Soraya</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c6186-e338ae4d4f7bcaac05349ece97fc3b3a804951ae9c089180091b8ac6832fdc693</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome</topic><topic>Addictive behaviors</topic><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>AIDS</topic><topic>Attrition</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Buprenorphine</topic><topic>Buprenorphine - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Cocaine-Related Disorders - rehabilitation</topic><topic>Continuity of Patient Care</topic><topic>Crime - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Drug addiction</topic><topic>Drug use</topic><topic>drug-injecting</topic><topic>Effectiveness</topic><topic>Epidemiologic Methods</topic><topic>HCV incidence</topic><topic>Hepatitis C virus</topic><topic>Heroin</topic><topic>heroin dependence</topic><topic>Heroin Dependence - rehabilitation</topic><topic>HIV</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Imprisonment</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>methadone</topic><topic>Methadone - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Mortality Rates</topic><topic>Narcotics - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Opiate Substitution Treatment - methods</topic><topic>Opiates</topic><topic>opioid maintenance treatment</topic><topic>Opioid-Related Disorders - mortality</topic><topic>Opioid-Related Disorders - rehabilitation</topic><topic>Patient Compliance</topic><topic>Prisoners</topic><topic>Prisons</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</topic><topic>re-incarceration</topic><topic>review</topic><topic>Risk</topic><topic>risk behaviours</topic><topic>Risk-Taking</topic><topic>Street Drugs</topic><topic>Substance abuse treatment</topic><topic>Systematic review</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><topic>Treatment Outcomes</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hedrich, Dagmar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alves, Paula</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Farrell, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stöver, Heino</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Møller, Lars</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mayet, Soraya</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (Ovid)</collection><collection>Social Services Abstracts</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Risk Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Addiction (Abingdon, England)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hedrich, Dagmar</au><au>Alves, Paula</au><au>Farrell, Michael</au><au>Stöver, Heino</au><au>Møller, Lars</au><au>Mayet, Soraya</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The effectiveness of opioid maintenance treatment in prison settings: a systematic review</atitle><jtitle>Addiction (Abingdon, England)</jtitle><addtitle>Addiction</addtitle><date>2012-03</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>107</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>501</spage><epage>517</epage><pages>501-517</pages><issn>0965-2140</issn><eissn>1360-0443</eissn><coden>ADICE5</coden><abstract>ABSTRACT
Aims To review evidence on the effectiveness of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) in prison and post‐release.
Methods Systematic review of experimental and observational studies of prisoners receiving OMT regarding treatment retention, opioid use, risk behaviours, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) incidence, criminality, re‐incarceration and mortality. We searched electronic research databases, specialist journals and the EMCDDA library for relevant studies until January 2011. Review conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
Results Twenty‐one studies were identified: six experimental and 15 observational. OMT was associated significantly with reduced heroin use, injecting and syringe‐sharing in prison if doses were adequate. Pre‐release OMT was associated significantly with increased treatment entry and retention after release if arrangements existed to continue treatment. For other outcomes, associations with pre‐release OMT were weaker. Four of five studies found post‐release reductions in heroin use. Evidence regarding crime and re‐incarceration was equivocal. There was insufficient evidence concerning HIV/HCV incidence. There was limited evidence that pre‐release OMT reduces post‐release mortality. Disruption of OMT continuity, especially due to brief periods of imprisonment, was associated with very significant increases in HCV incidence.
Conclusions Benefits of prison OMT are similar to those in community settings. OMT presents an opportunity to recruit problem opioid users into treatment, to reduce illicit opioid use and risk behaviours in prison and potentially minimize overdose risks on release. If liaison with community‐based programmes exists, prison OMT facilitates continuity of treatment and longer‐term benefits can be achieved. For prisoners in OMT before imprisonment, prison OMT provides treatment continuity.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>21955033</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03676.x</doi><tpages>17</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2012-03, Vol.107 (3), p.501-517 |
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| source | Wiley Online Library - AutoHoldings Journals; MEDLINE; Sociological Abstracts |
| subjects | Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Addictive behaviors Adult and adolescent clinical studies AIDS Attrition Biological and medical sciences Buprenorphine Buprenorphine - therapeutic use Cocaine-Related Disorders - rehabilitation Continuity of Patient Care Crime - statistics & numerical data Drug addiction Drug use drug-injecting Effectiveness Epidemiologic Methods HCV incidence Hepatitis C virus Heroin heroin dependence Heroin Dependence - rehabilitation HIV Humans Imprisonment Medical sciences methadone Methadone - therapeutic use Miscellaneous Mortality Mortality Rates Narcotics - therapeutic use Opiate Substitution Treatment - methods Opiates opioid maintenance treatment Opioid-Related Disorders - mortality Opioid-Related Disorders - rehabilitation Patient Compliance Prisoners Prisons Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopathology. Psychiatry Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine re-incarceration review Risk risk behaviours Risk-Taking Street Drugs Substance abuse treatment Systematic review Treatment Outcome Treatment Outcomes |
| title | The effectiveness of opioid maintenance treatment in prison settings: a systematic review |
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