Killer whale (Orcinus orca) predation in a multi-prey system
Predation can regulate prey numbers but predator behaviour in multiple-prey systems can complicate understanding of control mechanisms. We investigate killer whale ( Orcinus orca ) predation in an ocean system where multiple marine mammal prey coexist. Using stochastic models with Monte-Carlo simula...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Population ecology 2012, Vol.54 (1), p.31-41 |
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| creator | Ferguson, Steven H. Kingsley, Michael C. S. Higdon, Jeff W. |
| description | Predation can regulate prey numbers but predator behaviour in multiple-prey systems can complicate understanding of control mechanisms. We investigate killer whale (
Orcinus orca
) predation in an ocean system where multiple marine mammal prey coexist. Using stochastic models with Monte-Carlo simulations, we test the most likely outcome of predator selection and compare scenarios where killer whales: (1) focus predation on larger prey which presumably offer more energy per effort, (2) generalize by feeding on prey as encountered during searches, or (3) follow a mixed foraging strategy based on a combination of encounter rate and prey size selection. We test alternative relationships within the Hudson Bay geographic region, where evidence suggests killer whales seasonally concentrate feeding activities on the large-bodied bowhead whale (
Balaena mysticetus
). However, model results indicate that killer whales do not show strong prey specialization and instead alternatively feed on narwhal (
Monodon monoceros
) and beluga (
Delphinapterus leucas
) whales early and late in the ice-free season. Evidence does support the conjecture that during the peak of the open water season, killer whale predation can differ regionally and feeding techniques can focus on bowhead whale prey. The mixed foraging strategy used by killer whales includes seasonal predator specialization and has management and conservation significance since killer whale predation may not be constrained by a regulatory functional response. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10144-011-0284-3 |
| format | Article |
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Orcinus orca
) predation in an ocean system where multiple marine mammal prey coexist. Using stochastic models with Monte-Carlo simulations, we test the most likely outcome of predator selection and compare scenarios where killer whales: (1) focus predation on larger prey which presumably offer more energy per effort, (2) generalize by feeding on prey as encountered during searches, or (3) follow a mixed foraging strategy based on a combination of encounter rate and prey size selection. We test alternative relationships within the Hudson Bay geographic region, where evidence suggests killer whales seasonally concentrate feeding activities on the large-bodied bowhead whale (
Balaena mysticetus
). However, model results indicate that killer whales do not show strong prey specialization and instead alternatively feed on narwhal (
Monodon monoceros
) and beluga (
Delphinapterus leucas
) whales early and late in the ice-free season. Evidence does support the conjecture that during the peak of the open water season, killer whale predation can differ regionally and feeding techniques can focus on bowhead whale prey. The mixed foraging strategy used by killer whales includes seasonal predator specialization and has management and conservation significance since killer whale predation may not be constrained by a regulatory functional response.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1438-3896</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1438-390X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10144-011-0284-3</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PEOCAX</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Japan: Springer Japan</publisher><subject>Aquatic mammals ; Balaena mysticetus ; Behavioral Sciences ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Bowhead whale ; Commercial whaling ; Delphinapterus leucas ; Dolphins ; Ecology ; Evolutionary Biology ; Forestry ; Functional response ; Inuit ; Inuit traditional ecological knowledge ; Life Sciences ; Marine ; Marine ecology ; Marine mammals ; Monodon monoceros ; Monte Carlo model ; Monte Carlo simulation ; Orcinus orca ; Original Article ; Plant Sciences ; Population ; Predation ; Prey ; Seasons ; Stochastic models ; Summer ; Whales & whaling ; Zoology</subject><ispartof>Population ecology, 2012, Vol.54 (1), p.31-41</ispartof><rights>The Society of Population Ecology and Springer 2011</rights><rights>2012 The Society of Population Ecology</rights><rights>The Society of Population Ecology and Springer 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4221-abb77a91d1df6b808704e5118068ee6c4ddcb93adab2ef2cb325b5fe78f4e6ff3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4221-abb77a91d1df6b808704e5118068ee6c4ddcb93adab2ef2cb325b5fe78f4e6ff3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10144-011-0284-3$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10144-011-0284-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,41488,42557,45574,45575,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ferguson, Steven H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kingsley, Michael C. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Higdon, Jeff W.</creatorcontrib><title>Killer whale (Orcinus orca) predation in a multi-prey system</title><title>Population ecology</title><addtitle>Popul Ecol</addtitle><description>Predation can regulate prey numbers but predator behaviour in multiple-prey systems can complicate understanding of control mechanisms. We investigate killer whale (
Orcinus orca
) predation in an ocean system where multiple marine mammal prey coexist. Using stochastic models with Monte-Carlo simulations, we test the most likely outcome of predator selection and compare scenarios where killer whales: (1) focus predation on larger prey which presumably offer more energy per effort, (2) generalize by feeding on prey as encountered during searches, or (3) follow a mixed foraging strategy based on a combination of encounter rate and prey size selection. We test alternative relationships within the Hudson Bay geographic region, where evidence suggests killer whales seasonally concentrate feeding activities on the large-bodied bowhead whale (
Balaena mysticetus
). However, model results indicate that killer whales do not show strong prey specialization and instead alternatively feed on narwhal (
Monodon monoceros
) and beluga (
Delphinapterus leucas
) whales early and late in the ice-free season. Evidence does support the conjecture that during the peak of the open water season, killer whale predation can differ regionally and feeding techniques can focus on bowhead whale prey. The mixed foraging strategy used by killer whales includes seasonal predator specialization and has management and conservation significance since killer whale predation may not be constrained by a regulatory functional response.</description><subject>Aquatic mammals</subject><subject>Balaena mysticetus</subject><subject>Behavioral Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Bowhead whale</subject><subject>Commercial whaling</subject><subject>Delphinapterus leucas</subject><subject>Dolphins</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Evolutionary Biology</subject><subject>Forestry</subject><subject>Functional response</subject><subject>Inuit</subject><subject>Inuit traditional ecological knowledge</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Marine ecology</subject><subject>Marine mammals</subject><subject>Monodon monoceros</subject><subject>Monte Carlo model</subject><subject>Monte Carlo simulation</subject><subject>Orcinus orca</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Plant Sciences</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Predation</subject><subject>Prey</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Stochastic models</subject><subject>Summer</subject><subject>Whales & whaling</subject><subject>Zoology</subject><issn>1438-3896</issn><issn>1438-390X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkE9LxDAQxYsouK5-AG_Fi3qIZpJsmoIXWdY_uLB7UPAW0naiXbrtmrQs_fZmqSIIInOYYXi_ecOLolOgV0Bpcu2BghCEAhDKlCB8LxqB4IrwlL7uf88qlYfRkfcrSiGRko2im6eyqtDF23dTYXyxcHlZdz5uXG4u443DwrRlU8dlHZt43VVtScKyj33vW1wfRwfWVB5Pvvo4ermbPU8fyHxx_zi9nZNcMAbEZFmSmBQKKKzMFFUJFTgBUFQqRJmLosizlJvCZAwtyzPOJtnEYqKsQGktH0fnw92Naz469K1elz7HqjI1Np3XKZMqFQxYUJ79Uq6aztXhOZ0CTUCECiIYRLlrvHdo9caVa-N6DVTv0tRDmjqkqXdpah6YZGC2ZYX9_4BeLpYzSvnOjQ2kD1D9hu7npb_tPgEZVIb_</recordid><startdate>2012</startdate><enddate>2012</enddate><creator>Ferguson, Steven H.</creator><creator>Kingsley, Michael C. 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S. ; Higdon, Jeff W.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4221-abb77a91d1df6b808704e5118068ee6c4ddcb93adab2ef2cb325b5fe78f4e6ff3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Aquatic mammals</topic><topic>Balaena mysticetus</topic><topic>Behavioral Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Bowhead whale</topic><topic>Commercial whaling</topic><topic>Delphinapterus leucas</topic><topic>Dolphins</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Evolutionary Biology</topic><topic>Forestry</topic><topic>Functional response</topic><topic>Inuit</topic><topic>Inuit traditional ecological knowledge</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Marine</topic><topic>Marine ecology</topic><topic>Marine mammals</topic><topic>Monodon monoceros</topic><topic>Monte Carlo model</topic><topic>Monte Carlo simulation</topic><topic>Orcinus orca</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Plant Sciences</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Predation</topic><topic>Prey</topic><topic>Seasons</topic><topic>Stochastic models</topic><topic>Summer</topic><topic>Whales & whaling</topic><topic>Zoology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ferguson, Steven H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kingsley, Michael C. 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S.</au><au>Higdon, Jeff W.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Killer whale (Orcinus orca) predation in a multi-prey system</atitle><jtitle>Population ecology</jtitle><stitle>Popul Ecol</stitle><date>2012</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>54</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>31</spage><epage>41</epage><pages>31-41</pages><issn>1438-3896</issn><eissn>1438-390X</eissn><coden>PEOCAX</coden><abstract>Predation can regulate prey numbers but predator behaviour in multiple-prey systems can complicate understanding of control mechanisms. We investigate killer whale (
Orcinus orca
) predation in an ocean system where multiple marine mammal prey coexist. Using stochastic models with Monte-Carlo simulations, we test the most likely outcome of predator selection and compare scenarios where killer whales: (1) focus predation on larger prey which presumably offer more energy per effort, (2) generalize by feeding on prey as encountered during searches, or (3) follow a mixed foraging strategy based on a combination of encounter rate and prey size selection. We test alternative relationships within the Hudson Bay geographic region, where evidence suggests killer whales seasonally concentrate feeding activities on the large-bodied bowhead whale (
Balaena mysticetus
). However, model results indicate that killer whales do not show strong prey specialization and instead alternatively feed on narwhal (
Monodon monoceros
) and beluga (
Delphinapterus leucas
) whales early and late in the ice-free season. Evidence does support the conjecture that during the peak of the open water season, killer whale predation can differ regionally and feeding techniques can focus on bowhead whale prey. The mixed foraging strategy used by killer whales includes seasonal predator specialization and has management and conservation significance since killer whale predation may not be constrained by a regulatory functional response.</abstract><cop>Japan</cop><pub>Springer Japan</pub><doi>10.1007/s10144-011-0284-3</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aquatic mammals Balaena mysticetus Behavioral Sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences Bowhead whale Commercial whaling Delphinapterus leucas Dolphins Ecology Evolutionary Biology Forestry Functional response Inuit Inuit traditional ecological knowledge Life Sciences Marine Marine ecology Marine mammals Monodon monoceros Monte Carlo model Monte Carlo simulation Orcinus orca Original Article Plant Sciences Population Predation Prey Seasons Stochastic models Summer Whales & whaling Zoology |
| title | Killer whale (Orcinus orca) predation in a multi-prey system |
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