Influence of Prior Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination on Outcomes of Older Adults with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether prior pneumococcal and seasonal influenza vaccination improves outcomes in older adults hospitalized for community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP). DESIGN: Prospective, observational, multicenter study. SETTING: Five public hospitals providing universal free care to the who...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS) 2011-09, Vol.59 (9), p.1711-1716 |
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| container_title | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS) |
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| creator | Manzur, Adriana Izquierdo, Conchita Ruiz, Laura Sousa, Dolores Bayas, Jose-María Celorrio, Jose-Miguel Varona, Wenceslao Nebot, Manel Salleras, Lluis Domínguez, Angela Carratalà, Jordi |
| description | OBJECTIVES: To determine whether prior pneumococcal and seasonal influenza vaccination improves outcomes in older adults hospitalized for community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP).
DESIGN: Prospective, observational, multicenter study.
SETTING: Five public hospitals providing universal free care to the whole population in three Spanish regions.
PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 65 and older admitted to the hospital with CAP through the emergency department.
MEASUREMENTS: Pneumococcal and influenza vaccination status. The primary study outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of hospital stay (LOS), and overall case‐fatality rate. Outcome variables of individuals vaccinated with both vaccines were compared with outcomes of those who were unvaccinated.
RESULTS: Two hundred thirty‐eight individuals had received 23‐valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and seasonal influenza vaccination and were compared with 195 unvaccinated individuals. No differences were found with respect to combined antibiotic therapy between groups (38.0% vs 39.7%; P=.80). Similar percentages of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals required ICU admission (7.2% vs 8.2%; P=.69). Mean LOS was significantly shorter in vaccinated individuals (9.9 vs 12.4 days; P=.04). Overall case‐fatality rates were similar in both groups (5.9% vs 5.1%; P=.73). After adjustment, LOS, risk of ICU admission, and overall case‐fatality rate were not associated with prior pneumococcal and seasonal influenza vaccination.
CONCLUSION: The clinical outcomes of vaccinated older adults hospitalized with CAP were not better than those observed in unvaccinated individuals. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03541.x |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_926887711</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2472385371</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4951-b8b0ff8f58bb3e6766fb9630cc64516cf657df374df10d394ccd12af62b808ed3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkdFvEyEcx4nRuFr9FwwxMT7dCXfA0Qcfus51M8s649TEF8JxEKl3sMFd2vrXj7O1Jr4oIYGEz_fHDz4AQIxynMbbdY5pWWSUYJoXCOMclWmfbx-ByfHgMZgghIqMM0xOwLMY1wjhAnH-FJwUmCNGGZ2AzaUz7aCd0tAbeBOsD_DG6aHzyislWyhdAw_MTwm_SKWsk731Dqa5GnrlOx3H7KptdIDzZmj7CDe2_w4XvusGZ_tdNlf3gw26OZR2Vj4HT4xso35xWKfg8_n728VFdrVaXi7mV5kiM4qzmtfIGG4or-tSs4oxU89YiZRihGKmDKNVY8qKNAajppwRpRpcSMOKmiOum3IK3uzr3gV_P-jYi85GpdtWOu2HKGYF47yqMP43idNHVkW6fQpe_UWu_RBceobgM8IJoZQkiO8hFXyMQRtxF2wnw05gJEaJYi1GV2J0JUaJ4pdEsU3Rl4f6Q93p5hj8bS0Brw-AjMmRCdIpG_9whFaphfFJ7_bcxrZ6998NiA_LT-U-n-3zNvZ6e8zL8EOwqqyo-Hq9FOdn5PT629lHcVs-APgSx14</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>894844554</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Influence of Prior Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination on Outcomes of Older Adults with Community-Acquired Pneumonia</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Manzur, Adriana ; Izquierdo, Conchita ; Ruiz, Laura ; Sousa, Dolores ; Bayas, Jose-María ; Celorrio, Jose-Miguel ; Varona, Wenceslao ; Nebot, Manel ; Salleras, Lluis ; Domínguez, Angela ; Carratalà, Jordi</creator><creatorcontrib>Manzur, Adriana ; Izquierdo, Conchita ; Ruiz, Laura ; Sousa, Dolores ; Bayas, Jose-María ; Celorrio, Jose-Miguel ; Varona, Wenceslao ; Nebot, Manel ; Salleras, Lluis ; Domínguez, Angela ; Carratalà, Jordi ; Working Group for the Study of Prevention of Community‐Acquired Pneumonia in the Elderly ; for the Working Group for the Study of Prevention of Community‐Acquired Pneumonia in the Elderly</creatorcontrib><description>OBJECTIVES: To determine whether prior pneumococcal and seasonal influenza vaccination improves outcomes in older adults hospitalized for community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP).
DESIGN: Prospective, observational, multicenter study.
SETTING: Five public hospitals providing universal free care to the whole population in three Spanish regions.
PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 65 and older admitted to the hospital with CAP through the emergency department.
MEASUREMENTS: Pneumococcal and influenza vaccination status. The primary study outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of hospital stay (LOS), and overall case‐fatality rate. Outcome variables of individuals vaccinated with both vaccines were compared with outcomes of those who were unvaccinated.
RESULTS: Two hundred thirty‐eight individuals had received 23‐valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and seasonal influenza vaccination and were compared with 195 unvaccinated individuals. No differences were found with respect to combined antibiotic therapy between groups (38.0% vs 39.7%; P=.80). Similar percentages of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals required ICU admission (7.2% vs 8.2%; P=.69). Mean LOS was significantly shorter in vaccinated individuals (9.9 vs 12.4 days; P=.04). Overall case‐fatality rates were similar in both groups (5.9% vs 5.1%; P=.73). After adjustment, LOS, risk of ICU admission, and overall case‐fatality rate were not associated with prior pneumococcal and seasonal influenza vaccination.
CONCLUSION: The clinical outcomes of vaccinated older adults hospitalized with CAP were not better than those observed in unvaccinated individuals.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-8614</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-5415</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03541.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21806565</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JAGSAF</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Malden, USA: Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><subject>Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antibiotics ; Biological and medical sciences ; Clinical outcomes ; Community-Acquired Infections - epidemiology ; community-acquired pneumonia ; emergency medical services ; Female ; General aspects ; Geriatrics ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals ; Human viral diseases ; Humans ; Immunization ; Infectious diseases ; Influenza ; influenza vaccination ; Influenza Vaccines ; Intensive care units ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Older people ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; pneumococcal vaccination ; Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia - epidemiology ; Polysaccharides ; Prevention and actions ; Prospective Studies ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; Residence Characteristics ; Seasonal variations ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Sulfur dioxide ; Vaccines ; Viral diseases ; Viral diseases of the respiratory system and ent viral diseases</subject><ispartof>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS), 2011-09, Vol.59 (9), p.1711-1716</ispartof><rights>2011, Copyright the Authors. Journal compilation © 2011, The American Geriatrics Society</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>2011, Copyright the Authors. Journal compilation © 2011, The American Geriatrics Society.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4951-b8b0ff8f58bb3e6766fb9630cc64516cf657df374df10d394ccd12af62b808ed3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4951-b8b0ff8f58bb3e6766fb9630cc64516cf657df374df10d394ccd12af62b808ed3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fj.1532-5415.2011.03541.x$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fj.1532-5415.2011.03541.x$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=24575541$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21806565$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Manzur, Adriana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Izquierdo, Conchita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruiz, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sousa, Dolores</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bayas, Jose-María</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Celorrio, Jose-Miguel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Varona, Wenceslao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nebot, Manel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salleras, Lluis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Domínguez, Angela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carratalà, Jordi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Working Group for the Study of Prevention of Community‐Acquired Pneumonia in the Elderly</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>for the Working Group for the Study of Prevention of Community‐Acquired Pneumonia in the Elderly</creatorcontrib><title>Influence of Prior Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination on Outcomes of Older Adults with Community-Acquired Pneumonia</title><title>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS)</title><addtitle>J Am Geriatr Soc</addtitle><description>OBJECTIVES: To determine whether prior pneumococcal and seasonal influenza vaccination improves outcomes in older adults hospitalized for community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP).
DESIGN: Prospective, observational, multicenter study.
SETTING: Five public hospitals providing universal free care to the whole population in three Spanish regions.
PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 65 and older admitted to the hospital with CAP through the emergency department.
MEASUREMENTS: Pneumococcal and influenza vaccination status. The primary study outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of hospital stay (LOS), and overall case‐fatality rate. Outcome variables of individuals vaccinated with both vaccines were compared with outcomes of those who were unvaccinated.
RESULTS: Two hundred thirty‐eight individuals had received 23‐valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and seasonal influenza vaccination and were compared with 195 unvaccinated individuals. No differences were found with respect to combined antibiotic therapy between groups (38.0% vs 39.7%; P=.80). Similar percentages of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals required ICU admission (7.2% vs 8.2%; P=.69). Mean LOS was significantly shorter in vaccinated individuals (9.9 vs 12.4 days; P=.04). Overall case‐fatality rates were similar in both groups (5.9% vs 5.1%; P=.73). After adjustment, LOS, risk of ICU admission, and overall case‐fatality rate were not associated with prior pneumococcal and seasonal influenza vaccination.
CONCLUSION: The clinical outcomes of vaccinated older adults hospitalized with CAP were not better than those observed in unvaccinated individuals.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Clinical outcomes</subject><subject>Community-Acquired Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>community-acquired pneumonia</subject><subject>emergency medical services</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Geriatrics</subject><subject>Hospitalization</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Human viral diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunization</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Influenza</subject><subject>influenza vaccination</subject><subject>Influenza Vaccines</subject><subject>Intensive care units</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>Outcome Assessment (Health Care)</subject><subject>pneumococcal vaccination</subject><subject>Pneumococcal Vaccines</subject><subject>Pneumonia</subject><subject>Pneumonia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Polysaccharides</subject><subject>Prevention and actions</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</subject><subject>Residence Characteristics</subject><subject>Seasonal variations</subject><subject>Streptococcus pneumoniae</subject><subject>Sulfur dioxide</subject><subject>Vaccines</subject><subject>Viral diseases</subject><subject>Viral diseases of the respiratory system and ent viral diseases</subject><issn>0002-8614</issn><issn>1532-5415</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkdFvEyEcx4nRuFr9FwwxMT7dCXfA0Qcfus51M8s649TEF8JxEKl3sMFd2vrXj7O1Jr4oIYGEz_fHDz4AQIxynMbbdY5pWWSUYJoXCOMclWmfbx-ByfHgMZgghIqMM0xOwLMY1wjhAnH-FJwUmCNGGZ2AzaUz7aCd0tAbeBOsD_DG6aHzyislWyhdAw_MTwm_SKWsk731Dqa5GnrlOx3H7KptdIDzZmj7CDe2_w4XvusGZ_tdNlf3gw26OZR2Vj4HT4xso35xWKfg8_n728VFdrVaXi7mV5kiM4qzmtfIGG4or-tSs4oxU89YiZRihGKmDKNVY8qKNAajppwRpRpcSMOKmiOum3IK3uzr3gV_P-jYi85GpdtWOu2HKGYF47yqMP43idNHVkW6fQpe_UWu_RBceobgM8IJoZQkiO8hFXyMQRtxF2wnw05gJEaJYi1GV2J0JUaJ4pdEsU3Rl4f6Q93p5hj8bS0Brw-AjMmRCdIpG_9whFaphfFJ7_bcxrZ6998NiA_LT-U-n-3zNvZ6e8zL8EOwqqyo-Hq9FOdn5PT629lHcVs-APgSx14</recordid><startdate>201109</startdate><enddate>201109</enddate><creator>Manzur, Adriana</creator><creator>Izquierdo, Conchita</creator><creator>Ruiz, Laura</creator><creator>Sousa, Dolores</creator><creator>Bayas, Jose-María</creator><creator>Celorrio, Jose-Miguel</creator><creator>Varona, Wenceslao</creator><creator>Nebot, Manel</creator><creator>Salleras, Lluis</creator><creator>Domínguez, Angela</creator><creator>Carratalà, Jordi</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Inc</general><general>Wiley-Blackwell</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7U1</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>H94</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201109</creationdate><title>Influence of Prior Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination on Outcomes of Older Adults with Community-Acquired Pneumonia</title><author>Manzur, Adriana ; Izquierdo, Conchita ; Ruiz, Laura ; Sousa, Dolores ; Bayas, Jose-María ; Celorrio, Jose-Miguel ; Varona, Wenceslao ; Nebot, Manel ; Salleras, Lluis ; Domínguez, Angela ; Carratalà, Jordi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4951-b8b0ff8f58bb3e6766fb9630cc64516cf657df374df10d394ccd12af62b808ed3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Clinical outcomes</topic><topic>Community-Acquired Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>community-acquired pneumonia</topic><topic>emergency medical services</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Geriatrics</topic><topic>Hospitalization</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Human viral diseases</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunization</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Influenza</topic><topic>influenza vaccination</topic><topic>Influenza Vaccines</topic><topic>Intensive care units</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Older people</topic><topic>Outcome Assessment (Health Care)</topic><topic>pneumococcal vaccination</topic><topic>Pneumococcal Vaccines</topic><topic>Pneumonia</topic><topic>Pneumonia - epidemiology</topic><topic>Polysaccharides</topic><topic>Prevention and actions</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</topic><topic>Residence Characteristics</topic><topic>Seasonal variations</topic><topic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</topic><topic>Sulfur dioxide</topic><topic>Vaccines</topic><topic>Viral diseases</topic><topic>Viral diseases of the respiratory system and ent viral diseases</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Manzur, Adriana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Izquierdo, Conchita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ruiz, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sousa, Dolores</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bayas, Jose-María</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Celorrio, Jose-Miguel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Varona, Wenceslao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nebot, Manel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salleras, Lluis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Domínguez, Angela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carratalà, Jordi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Working Group for the Study of Prevention of Community‐Acquired Pneumonia in the Elderly</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>for the Working Group for the Study of Prevention of Community‐Acquired Pneumonia in the Elderly</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Risk Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Manzur, Adriana</au><au>Izquierdo, Conchita</au><au>Ruiz, Laura</au><au>Sousa, Dolores</au><au>Bayas, Jose-María</au><au>Celorrio, Jose-Miguel</au><au>Varona, Wenceslao</au><au>Nebot, Manel</au><au>Salleras, Lluis</au><au>Domínguez, Angela</au><au>Carratalà, Jordi</au><aucorp>Working Group for the Study of Prevention of Community‐Acquired Pneumonia in the Elderly</aucorp><aucorp>for the Working Group for the Study of Prevention of Community‐Acquired Pneumonia in the Elderly</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Influence of Prior Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination on Outcomes of Older Adults with Community-Acquired Pneumonia</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS)</jtitle><addtitle>J Am Geriatr Soc</addtitle><date>2011-09</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>59</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1711</spage><epage>1716</epage><pages>1711-1716</pages><issn>0002-8614</issn><eissn>1532-5415</eissn><coden>JAGSAF</coden><abstract>OBJECTIVES: To determine whether prior pneumococcal and seasonal influenza vaccination improves outcomes in older adults hospitalized for community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP).
DESIGN: Prospective, observational, multicenter study.
SETTING: Five public hospitals providing universal free care to the whole population in three Spanish regions.
PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 65 and older admitted to the hospital with CAP through the emergency department.
MEASUREMENTS: Pneumococcal and influenza vaccination status. The primary study outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of hospital stay (LOS), and overall case‐fatality rate. Outcome variables of individuals vaccinated with both vaccines were compared with outcomes of those who were unvaccinated.
RESULTS: Two hundred thirty‐eight individuals had received 23‐valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and seasonal influenza vaccination and were compared with 195 unvaccinated individuals. No differences were found with respect to combined antibiotic therapy between groups (38.0% vs 39.7%; P=.80). Similar percentages of vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals required ICU admission (7.2% vs 8.2%; P=.69). Mean LOS was significantly shorter in vaccinated individuals (9.9 vs 12.4 days; P=.04). Overall case‐fatality rates were similar in both groups (5.9% vs 5.1%; P=.73). After adjustment, LOS, risk of ICU admission, and overall case‐fatality rate were not associated with prior pneumococcal and seasonal influenza vaccination.
CONCLUSION: The clinical outcomes of vaccinated older adults hospitalized with CAP were not better than those observed in unvaccinated individuals.</abstract><cop>Malden, USA</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Inc</pub><pmid>21806565</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03541.x</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS), 2011-09, Vol.59 (9), p.1711-1716 |
| issn | 0002-8614 1532-5415 |
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| subjects | Aged Aged, 80 and over Antibiotics Biological and medical sciences Clinical outcomes Community-Acquired Infections - epidemiology community-acquired pneumonia emergency medical services Female General aspects Geriatrics Hospitalization Hospitals Human viral diseases Humans Immunization Infectious diseases Influenza influenza vaccination Influenza Vaccines Intensive care units Male Medical sciences Older people Outcome Assessment (Health Care) pneumococcal vaccination Pneumococcal Vaccines Pneumonia Pneumonia - epidemiology Polysaccharides Prevention and actions Prospective Studies Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Residence Characteristics Seasonal variations Streptococcus pneumoniae Sulfur dioxide Vaccines Viral diseases Viral diseases of the respiratory system and ent viral diseases |
| title | Influence of Prior Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccination on Outcomes of Older Adults with Community-Acquired Pneumonia |
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