An Investigation of the Initial Development of the Double-ITCZ Warm SST Biases in the CCSM
This paper investigates the initial development of the double ITCZ in the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) in the central Pacific. Starting from a resting initial condition of the ocean in January, the model developed a warm bias of sea surface temperature (SST) in the central Pacifi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of climate 2012-01, Vol.25 (1), p.140-155 |
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| description | This paper investigates the initial development of the double ITCZ in the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) in the central Pacific. Starting from a resting initial condition of the ocean in January, the model developed a warm bias of sea surface temperature (SST) in the central Pacific from 5°S to 10°S in the first three months. This initial bias is caused by excessive surface shortwave radiation that is also present in the stand-alone atmospheric model. The initial bias is further amplified by biases in both surface latent heat flux and horizontal heat transport in the upper ocean. These biases are caused by the responses of surface winds to SST bias and the thermocline structure to surface wind curls. This study also showed that the warming biases in surface solar radiation and latent heat fluxes are seasonally offset by cooling biases from reduced solar radiation after the austral summer due to cloud responses and in the austral fall due to enhanced evaporation when the maximum SST is closest to the equator. The warming biases from the dynamic heat transport by ocean currents however stay throughout all seasons once they are developed, which are eventually balanced by enhanced energy exchange and penetration of solar radiation below the mixed layer. It was also shown that the equatorial cold tongue develops after the warm biases in the south-central Pacific, and the overestimation of surface shortwave radiation recurs in the austral summer in each year. The results provide a case study on the physical processes leading to the development of the double ITCZ. Applicability of the results in other models is discussed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1175/2011JCLI4001.1 |
| format | Article |
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Starting from a resting initial condition of the ocean in January, the model developed a warm bias of sea surface temperature (SST) in the central Pacific from 5°S to 10°S in the first three months. This initial bias is caused by excessive surface shortwave radiation that is also present in the stand-alone atmospheric model. The initial bias is further amplified by biases in both surface latent heat flux and horizontal heat transport in the upper ocean. These biases are caused by the responses of surface winds to SST bias and the thermocline structure to surface wind curls. This study also showed that the warming biases in surface solar radiation and latent heat fluxes are seasonally offset by cooling biases from reduced solar radiation after the austral summer due to cloud responses and in the austral fall due to enhanced evaporation when the maximum SST is closest to the equator. The warming biases from the dynamic heat transport by ocean currents however stay throughout all seasons once they are developed, which are eventually balanced by enhanced energy exchange and penetration of solar radiation below the mixed layer. It was also shown that the equatorial cold tongue develops after the warm biases in the south-central Pacific, and the overestimation of surface shortwave radiation recurs in the austral summer in each year. The results provide a case study on the physical processes leading to the development of the double ITCZ. Applicability of the results in other models is discussed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0894-8755</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-0442</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1175/2011JCLI4001.1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society</publisher><subject>Atmosphere ; Atmospheric models ; Bias ; Climate change ; Climate models ; Climate system ; Climatology ; Clouds ; Data assimilation ; Datasets ; Earth, ocean, space ; Energy exchange ; Energy transfer ; Equator ; Evaporation ; Exact sciences and technology ; Experiments ; External geophysics ; General circulation models ; Heat ; Heat budget ; Heat flux ; Heat transfer ; Heat transport ; Hypotheses ; Latent heat ; Latent heat flux ; Marine ; Meteorology ; Mixed layer ; Modelling ; Ocean currents ; Oceanic analysis ; Oceans ; Precipitation ; Radiation ; Rain ; Sea surface ; Sea surface temperature ; Seasons ; Short wave radiation ; Solar energy ; Solar radiation ; Summer ; Surface temperature ; Surface wind ; Thermocline ; Thermocline structure ; Upper ocean ; Winds</subject><ispartof>Journal of climate, 2012-01, Vol.25 (1), p.140-155</ispartof><rights>2012 American Meteorological Society</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Meteorological Society 2012</rights><rights>Copyright American Meteorological Society Jan 1, 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-644c3601c8fcd17a6c46b2e7e4bac8fdcb90ff7371dffbcc55dcc73d75ec949b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-644c3601c8fcd17a6c46b2e7e4bac8fdcb90ff7371dffbcc55dcc73d75ec949b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26191500$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/26191500$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,799,3668,4010,27900,27901,27902,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25630538$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, Hailong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Minghua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Wuyin</creatorcontrib><title>An Investigation of the Initial Development of the Double-ITCZ Warm SST Biases in the CCSM</title><title>Journal of climate</title><description>This paper investigates the initial development of the double ITCZ in the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) in the central Pacific. Starting from a resting initial condition of the ocean in January, the model developed a warm bias of sea surface temperature (SST) in the central Pacific from 5°S to 10°S in the first three months. This initial bias is caused by excessive surface shortwave radiation that is also present in the stand-alone atmospheric model. The initial bias is further amplified by biases in both surface latent heat flux and horizontal heat transport in the upper ocean. These biases are caused by the responses of surface winds to SST bias and the thermocline structure to surface wind curls. This study also showed that the warming biases in surface solar radiation and latent heat fluxes are seasonally offset by cooling biases from reduced solar radiation after the austral summer due to cloud responses and in the austral fall due to enhanced evaporation when the maximum SST is closest to the equator. The warming biases from the dynamic heat transport by ocean currents however stay throughout all seasons once they are developed, which are eventually balanced by enhanced energy exchange and penetration of solar radiation below the mixed layer. It was also shown that the equatorial cold tongue develops after the warm biases in the south-central Pacific, and the overestimation of surface shortwave radiation recurs in the austral summer in each year. The results provide a case study on the physical processes leading to the development of the double ITCZ. Applicability of the results in other models is discussed.</description><subject>Atmosphere</subject><subject>Atmospheric models</subject><subject>Bias</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Climate models</subject><subject>Climate system</subject><subject>Climatology</subject><subject>Clouds</subject><subject>Data assimilation</subject><subject>Datasets</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>Energy exchange</subject><subject>Energy transfer</subject><subject>Equator</subject><subject>Evaporation</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>External geophysics</subject><subject>General circulation models</subject><subject>Heat</subject><subject>Heat budget</subject><subject>Heat flux</subject><subject>Heat transfer</subject><subject>Heat transport</subject><subject>Hypotheses</subject><subject>Latent heat</subject><subject>Latent heat flux</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Meteorology</subject><subject>Mixed layer</subject><subject>Modelling</subject><subject>Ocean currents</subject><subject>Oceanic analysis</subject><subject>Oceans</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Sea surface</subject><subject>Sea surface temperature</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Short wave radiation</subject><subject>Solar energy</subject><subject>Solar radiation</subject><subject>Summer</subject><subject>Surface temperature</subject><subject>Surface wind</subject><subject>Thermocline</subject><subject>Thermocline structure</subject><subject>Upper 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Investigation of the Initial Development of the Double-ITCZ Warm SST Biases in the CCSM</title><author>Liu, Hailong ; Zhang, Minghua ; Lin, Wuyin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-644c3601c8fcd17a6c46b2e7e4bac8fdcb90ff7371dffbcc55dcc73d75ec949b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Atmosphere</topic><topic>Atmospheric models</topic><topic>Bias</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Climate models</topic><topic>Climate system</topic><topic>Climatology</topic><topic>Clouds</topic><topic>Data assimilation</topic><topic>Datasets</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>Energy exchange</topic><topic>Energy transfer</topic><topic>Equator</topic><topic>Evaporation</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Experiments</topic><topic>External geophysics</topic><topic>General circulation 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Editorial</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Journal of climate</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liu, Hailong</au><au>Zhang, Minghua</au><au>Lin, Wuyin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>An Investigation of the Initial Development of the Double-ITCZ Warm SST Biases in the CCSM</atitle><jtitle>Journal of climate</jtitle><date>2012-01-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>140</spage><epage>155</epage><pages>140-155</pages><issn>0894-8755</issn><eissn>1520-0442</eissn><abstract>This paper investigates the initial development of the double ITCZ in the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) in the central Pacific. Starting from a resting initial condition of the ocean in January, the model developed a warm bias of sea surface temperature (SST) in the central Pacific from 5°S to 10°S in the first three months. This initial bias is caused by excessive surface shortwave radiation that is also present in the stand-alone atmospheric model. The initial bias is further amplified by biases in both surface latent heat flux and horizontal heat transport in the upper ocean. These biases are caused by the responses of surface winds to SST bias and the thermocline structure to surface wind curls. This study also showed that the warming biases in surface solar radiation and latent heat fluxes are seasonally offset by cooling biases from reduced solar radiation after the austral summer due to cloud responses and in the austral fall due to enhanced evaporation when the maximum SST is closest to the equator. The warming biases from the dynamic heat transport by ocean currents however stay throughout all seasons once they are developed, which are eventually balanced by enhanced energy exchange and penetration of solar radiation below the mixed layer. It was also shown that the equatorial cold tongue develops after the warm biases in the south-central Pacific, and the overestimation of surface shortwave radiation recurs in the austral summer in each year. The results provide a case study on the physical processes leading to the development of the double ITCZ. Applicability of the results in other models is discussed.</abstract><cop>Boston, MA</cop><pub>American Meteorological Society</pub><doi>10.1175/2011JCLI4001.1</doi><tpages>16</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Atmosphere Atmospheric models Bias Climate change Climate models Climate system Climatology Clouds Data assimilation Datasets Earth, ocean, space Energy exchange Energy transfer Equator Evaporation Exact sciences and technology Experiments External geophysics General circulation models Heat Heat budget Heat flux Heat transfer Heat transport Hypotheses Latent heat Latent heat flux Marine Meteorology Mixed layer Modelling Ocean currents Oceanic analysis Oceans Precipitation Radiation Rain Sea surface Sea surface temperature Seasons Short wave radiation Solar energy Solar radiation Summer Surface temperature Surface wind Thermocline Thermocline structure Upper ocean Winds |
| title | An Investigation of the Initial Development of the Double-ITCZ Warm SST Biases in the CCSM |
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