Evaluating biological containment strategies for pollen-mediated gene flow

Several biological containment methods have been developed to reduce pollen dispersal; many of them only have a proof of concept in a model plant species. This review focuses on biological containment measures which were tested for their long-term efficiency at the greenhouse or field scale level, i...

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Veröffentlicht in:Environmental biosafety research 2010-04, Vol.9 (2), p.67-73
Hauptverfasser: Hüsken, Alexandra, Prescher, Sabine, Schiemann, Joachim
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Prescher, Sabine
Schiemann, Joachim
description Several biological containment methods have been developed to reduce pollen dispersal; many of them only have a proof of concept in a model plant species. This review focuses on biological containment measures which were tested for their long-term efficiency at the greenhouse or field scale level, i.e. plastid transformation, transgene excission, cleistogamy and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). Pollen-mediated gene transfer in transplastomic tobacco could occur at very low frequencies if the predominant mode of inheritance is maternal. Transgene excision from tobacco pollen can be made highly efficient by coexpression of two recombinases. For cleistogamous oilseed rape it was shown that some flowers were partially open depending on genotypes, environment and recording dates. Reports on the stability of CMS in maize and sunflower indicated that there is a high variability for different genotypes under different environmental conditions and over successive years. But for both crop types some stable lines could be selected. These data demonstrate that the biological containment methods discussed are very promising for reducing gene flow but that no single containment strategy provides 100% reduction. However, the necessary efficiency of biological containment methods depends on the level of containment required. The containment level may need to be higher for safety purposes (e.g. production of special plant-made pharmaceuticals), while much lower containment levels may already be sufficient to reach coexistence goals. It is concluded that where pollen-mediated gene flow must be prevented altogether, combinations of complementary containment systems will be required.
doi_str_mv 10.1051/ebr/2010009
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subjects biological containment
biosafety
Chloroplasts
cleistogamy
Containment
Containment of Biohazards - methods
Corn
Crops
Crops, Agricultural - genetics
cytoplasmic male sterility
Environmental conditions
Flowers & plants
Gene Flow
Genetic Engineering - methods
Genetically altered foods
Genomes
Genotypes
Helianthus
Male sterility
Oilseeds
Plant Infertility
Plant reproduction
Plant species
Plants, Genetically Modified
plastid transformation
Plastids
Pollen
Pollen - genetics
Rape plants
Recombination, Genetic
Risk assessment
Tobacco
transgene excision
Transgenes
Zea mays
title Evaluating biological containment strategies for pollen-mediated gene flow
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