An Avant-Garde Architecture for an Avant-Garde Socialism: Yugoslavia at EXPO '58

The Pavilion of Yugoslavia at EXPO '58 in Brussels was an attempt to internationally showcase the specific brand of socialism developed in that country since its break from the Soviet bloc ten years prior. That goal was best achieved through the pavilion building, an inspired piece of modern architecture designed by the Croatian architect Vjenceslav Richter, which attracted much positive attention. In most other respects, the presentation was a relative disappointment, failing to engage the visitors in an attractive and well-rounded experience. This article provides an analysis of the conceptualization, development, and reception of the pavilion based on the abundant material from the Archive of Yugoslavia in Belgrade. It argues that Richter's avant-garde design resonated with the self-proclaimed avant-garde status of Yugoslav socialism, but that its complex connotations, when seen through the lens of the Cold War, were reduced to a mere index of Yugoslavia's break from the Soviet bloc.