Comparative effects of processing methods on the feeding value of maize in feedlot cattle
The primary reason for processing maize is to enhance feeding value. Total tract starch digestion is similar for coarsely processed (dry rolled, cracked) dry maize. Enhancements in starch digestion due to dry rolling maize v. feeding maize whole may be greater in light-weight calves than in yearling...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nutrition research reviews 2011-12, Vol.24 (2), p.183-190 |
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| creator | Zinn, R. A. Barreras, A. Corona, L. Owens, F. N. Plascencia, A. |
| description | The primary reason for processing maize is to enhance feeding value. Total tract starch digestion is similar for coarsely processed (dry rolled, cracked) dry maize. Enhancements in starch digestion due to dry rolling maize v. feeding maize whole may be greater in light-weight calves than in yearlings, and when DM intake is restricted ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1017/S0954422411000096 |
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A. ; Barreras, A. ; Corona, L. ; Owens, F. N. ; Plascencia, A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Zinn, R. A. ; Barreras, A. ; Corona, L. ; Owens, F. N. ; Plascencia, A.</creatorcontrib><description>The primary reason for processing maize is to enhance feeding value. Total tract starch digestion is similar for coarsely processed (dry rolled, cracked) dry maize. Enhancements in starch digestion due to dry rolling maize v. feeding maize whole may be greater in light-weight calves than in yearlings, and when DM intake is restricted ( < 1·5 % of body weight). The net energy (NE) maintain (NEm) and NE gain (NEg) values for whole maize are 8·83 and 6·02 MJ (2·11 and 1·44 Mcal)/kg, respectively. Compared with conventional dry processing (i.e. coarse rolled, cracked), finely processing maize may increase the initial rate of digestion, but does not improve total tract starch digestion. Tempering before rolling (without the addition of steam) may enhance the growth performance response and the NE value of maize. Average total tract starch digestion is similar for high-moisture and steam-flaked maize. However, the proportion of starch digested ruminally is greater (about 8 %) for high-moisture maize. The growth performance response of feedlot cattle to the feeding of high-moisture maize is highly variable. Although the NEm and NEg value of whole high-moisture maize was slightly less than that of dry processed maize (averaging 9·04 and 6·44 MJ (2·16 and 1·54 Mcal)/kg, respectively), grinding or rolling high-moisture maize before ensiling increased (6 %) its NE value. Substituting steam-flaked maize for dry processed maize increases average daily gain (6·3 %) and decreases DM intake (5 %). The comparative NEm and NEg values for steam-flaked maize at optimal processing (density = 0·34 kg/l) are 10·04 and 7·07 MJ (2·40 and 1·69 Mcal)/kg, respectively. These NE values are greater (3 %) than current tabular values (National Research Council, 2000), being more consistent with earlier standards (National Research Council, 1984). When maize is the primary or sole source of starch in the diet, concentration of starch in faeces (faecal starch, % of DM) of feedlot steers can serve as an indicator of total tract starch digestion, and, hence, the feeding value of maize.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0954-4224</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1475-2700</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/S0954422411000096</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22098680</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Amino acids ; Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; Biological and medical sciences ; Body weight ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Cattle ; Corn ; Diet - veterinary ; Dietary Carbohydrates - metabolism ; Digestion - physiology ; Energy Intake ; Enzymes ; Feces - chemistry ; Feeding ; Feeding. 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A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barreras, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Corona, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Owens, F. N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Plascencia, A.</creatorcontrib><title>Comparative effects of processing methods on the feeding value of maize in feedlot cattle</title><title>Nutrition research reviews</title><addtitle>Nutr Res Rev</addtitle><description>The primary reason for processing maize is to enhance feeding value. Total tract starch digestion is similar for coarsely processed (dry rolled, cracked) dry maize. Enhancements in starch digestion due to dry rolling maize v. feeding maize whole may be greater in light-weight calves than in yearlings, and when DM intake is restricted ( < 1·5 % of body weight). The net energy (NE) maintain (NEm) and NE gain (NEg) values for whole maize are 8·83 and 6·02 MJ (2·11 and 1·44 Mcal)/kg, respectively. Compared with conventional dry processing (i.e. coarse rolled, cracked), finely processing maize may increase the initial rate of digestion, but does not improve total tract starch digestion. Tempering before rolling (without the addition of steam) may enhance the growth performance response and the NE value of maize. Average total tract starch digestion is similar for high-moisture and steam-flaked maize. However, the proportion of starch digested ruminally is greater (about 8 %) for high-moisture maize. The growth performance response of feedlot cattle to the feeding of high-moisture maize is highly variable. Although the NEm and NEg value of whole high-moisture maize was slightly less than that of dry processed maize (averaging 9·04 and 6·44 MJ (2·16 and 1·54 Mcal)/kg, respectively), grinding or rolling high-moisture maize before ensiling increased (6 %) its NE value. Substituting steam-flaked maize for dry processed maize increases average daily gain (6·3 %) and decreases DM intake (5 %). The comparative NEm and NEg values for steam-flaked maize at optimal processing (density = 0·34 kg/l) are 10·04 and 7·07 MJ (2·40 and 1·69 Mcal)/kg, respectively. These NE values are greater (3 %) than current tabular values (National Research Council, 2000), being more consistent with earlier standards (National Research Council, 1984). When maize is the primary or sole source of starch in the diet, concentration of starch in faeces (faecal starch, % of DM) of feedlot steers can serve as an indicator of total tract starch digestion, and, hence, the feeding value of maize.</description><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Animal Husbandry</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Carbohydrate Metabolism</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Corn</subject><subject>Diet - veterinary</subject><subject>Dietary Carbohydrates - metabolism</subject><subject>Digestion - physiology</subject><subject>Energy Intake</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Feces - chemistry</subject><subject>Feeding</subject><subject>Feeding. Feeding behavior</subject><subject>Feedlots</subject><subject>Food Handling - methods</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Growth</subject><subject>Nutritive Value</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Rumen - metabolism</subject><subject>Starch</subject><subject>Starch - metabolism</subject><subject>Steam</subject><subject>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</subject><subject>Zea mays</subject><issn>0954-4224</issn><issn>1475-2700</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kEtLxTAQhYMoen38ADdSEHFVTdIkbZZy8QWCC3XhqsxNJ1rp45qkF_TXm-r1geJsBuZ8M3M4hOwyesQoy49vqJZCcC4Yo7G0WiETJnKZ8pzSVTIZ5XTUN8im908R4Vpn62SDc6oLVdAJuZ_27RwchHqBCVqLJvikt8nc9Qa9r7uHpMXw2Fdx2iXhEROLWI3jBTQDjmgL9SsmdfeuNH1IDITQ4DZZs9B43Fn2LXJ3dno7vUivrs8vpydXqRFChtRSjlwhWAogaMFNhjwXpsoAmGHKUqaKQnJdWSVnoPJZJVgudFFwVXBElW2Rw4-70fLzgD6Ube0NNg102A--1ExrobSkkdz_RT71g-uiuZLRLOaXZVJEin1QxvXeO7Tl3NUtuJcIlWPs5Z_Y487e8vIwa7H62vjMOQIHSwC8gcY66EztvzkppNB5Hrls-RzamaurB_zp8b_3b-Ykl_w</recordid><startdate>20111201</startdate><enddate>20111201</enddate><creator>Zinn, R. 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A.</au><au>Barreras, A.</au><au>Corona, L.</au><au>Owens, F. N.</au><au>Plascencia, A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Comparative effects of processing methods on the feeding value of maize in feedlot cattle</atitle><jtitle>Nutrition research reviews</jtitle><addtitle>Nutr Res Rev</addtitle><date>2011-12-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>183</spage><epage>190</epage><pages>183-190</pages><issn>0954-4224</issn><eissn>1475-2700</eissn><abstract>The primary reason for processing maize is to enhance feeding value. Total tract starch digestion is similar for coarsely processed (dry rolled, cracked) dry maize. Enhancements in starch digestion due to dry rolling maize v. feeding maize whole may be greater in light-weight calves than in yearlings, and when DM intake is restricted ( < 1·5 % of body weight). The net energy (NE) maintain (NEm) and NE gain (NEg) values for whole maize are 8·83 and 6·02 MJ (2·11 and 1·44 Mcal)/kg, respectively. Compared with conventional dry processing (i.e. coarse rolled, cracked), finely processing maize may increase the initial rate of digestion, but does not improve total tract starch digestion. Tempering before rolling (without the addition of steam) may enhance the growth performance response and the NE value of maize. Average total tract starch digestion is similar for high-moisture and steam-flaked maize. However, the proportion of starch digested ruminally is greater (about 8 %) for high-moisture maize. The growth performance response of feedlot cattle to the feeding of high-moisture maize is highly variable. Although the NEm and NEg value of whole high-moisture maize was slightly less than that of dry processed maize (averaging 9·04 and 6·44 MJ (2·16 and 1·54 Mcal)/kg, respectively), grinding or rolling high-moisture maize before ensiling increased (6 %) its NE value. Substituting steam-flaked maize for dry processed maize increases average daily gain (6·3 %) and decreases DM intake (5 %). The comparative NEm and NEg values for steam-flaked maize at optimal processing (density = 0·34 kg/l) are 10·04 and 7·07 MJ (2·40 and 1·69 Mcal)/kg, respectively. These NE values are greater (3 %) than current tabular values (National Research Council, 2000), being more consistent with earlier standards (National Research Council, 1984). When maize is the primary or sole source of starch in the diet, concentration of starch in faeces (faecal starch, % of DM) of feedlot steers can serve as an indicator of total tract starch digestion, and, hence, the feeding value of maize.</abstract><cop>Cambridge, UK</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><pmid>22098680</pmid><doi>10.1017/S0954422411000096</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Nutrition research reviews, 2011-12, Vol.24 (2), p.183-190 |
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| source | MEDLINE; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Cambridge University Press Journals Complete |
| subjects | Amino acids Animal Husbandry Animals Biological and medical sciences Body weight Carbohydrate Metabolism Cattle Corn Diet - veterinary Dietary Carbohydrates - metabolism Digestion - physiology Energy Intake Enzymes Feces - chemistry Feeding Feeding. Feeding behavior Feedlots Food Handling - methods Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Growth Nutritive Value Proteins Rumen - metabolism Starch Starch - metabolism Steam Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems Zea mays |
| title | Comparative effects of processing methods on the feeding value of maize in feedlot cattle |
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