Gadd45a and Gadd45g regulate neural development and exit from pluripotency in Xenopus
► Gadd45a, Gadd45b and Gadd45g are expressed differentially during early Xenopus development. ► Gadd45ag are required for neural proliferation and neural crest specification. ► Gadd45ag are required for early embryonic cells to exit pluripotency and enter differentiation. Gadd45 genes encode a small...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Mechanisms of development 2011-09, Vol.128 (7), p.401-411 |
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| creator | Kaufmann, Lilian T. Niehrs, Christof |
| description | ►
Gadd45a,
Gadd45b and
Gadd45g are expressed differentially during early
Xenopus development. ►
Gadd45ag are required for neural proliferation and neural crest specification. ►
Gadd45ag are required for early embryonic cells to exit pluripotency and enter differentiation.
Gadd45 genes encode a small family of multifunctional stress response proteins, mediating cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair and DNA demethylation. Their role during embryonic development is incompletely understood. Here we identified
Xenopus Gadd45b, compared
Gadd45a,
Gadd45b and
Gadd45g expression during
Xenopus embryogenesis, and characterized their gain and loss of function phenotypes.
Gadd45a and
Gadd45g act redundantly and double Morpholino knock down leads to pleiotropic phenotypes, including shortened axes, head defects and misgastrulation. In contrast,
Gadd45b, which is expressed at very low levels, shows little effect upon knock down or overexpression.
Gadd45ag double Morphants show reduced neural cell proliferation and downregulation of pan-neural and neural crest markers. In contrast,
Gadd45ag Morphants display increased expression of multipotency marker genes including
Xenopus oct4 homologs as well as gastrula markers, while mesodermal markers are downregulated. The results indicate that
Gadd45ag are required for early embryonic cells to exit pluripotency and enter differentiation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.mod.2011.08.002 |
| format | Article |
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Gadd45a,
Gadd45b and
Gadd45g are expressed differentially during early
Xenopus development. ►
Gadd45ag are required for neural proliferation and neural crest specification. ►
Gadd45ag are required for early embryonic cells to exit pluripotency and enter differentiation.
Gadd45 genes encode a small family of multifunctional stress response proteins, mediating cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair and DNA demethylation. Their role during embryonic development is incompletely understood. Here we identified
Xenopus Gadd45b, compared
Gadd45a,
Gadd45b and
Gadd45g expression during
Xenopus embryogenesis, and characterized their gain and loss of function phenotypes.
Gadd45a and
Gadd45g act redundantly and double Morpholino knock down leads to pleiotropic phenotypes, including shortened axes, head defects and misgastrulation. In contrast,
Gadd45b, which is expressed at very low levels, shows little effect upon knock down or overexpression.
Gadd45ag double Morphants show reduced neural cell proliferation and downregulation of pan-neural and neural crest markers. In contrast,
Gadd45ag Morphants display increased expression of multipotency marker genes including
Xenopus oct4 homologs as well as gastrula markers, while mesodermal markers are downregulated. The results indicate that
Gadd45ag are required for early embryonic cells to exit pluripotency and enter differentiation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0925-4773</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-6356</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2011.08.002</identifier><identifier>PMID: 21854844</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Ireland: Elsevier Ireland Ltd</publisher><subject>Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation - genetics ; Antigens, Differentiation - metabolism ; Cell cycle arrest ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints - physiology ; Cell Cycle Proteins - genetics ; Cell Cycle Proteins - metabolism ; Embryogenesis ; Embryonic Development - physiology ; Gadd45 genes ; GADD45 Proteins ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - genetics ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurogenesis ; Neurogenesis - physiology ; Nuclear Proteins - genetics ; Nuclear Proteins - metabolism ; Pluripotency ; Xenopus ; Xenopus laevis - embryology ; Xenopus laevis - metabolism ; Xenopus Proteins - genetics ; Xenopus Proteins - metabolism</subject><ispartof>Mechanisms of development, 2011-09, Vol.128 (7), p.401-411</ispartof><rights>2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c427t-4f7fe8bde3df791ccc54d015edff9703cc205da48698257c3598f58137bfc62d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c427t-4f7fe8bde3df791ccc54d015edff9703cc205da48698257c3598f58137bfc62d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2011.08.002$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3548,27922,27923,45993</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21854844$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kaufmann, Lilian T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niehrs, Christof</creatorcontrib><title>Gadd45a and Gadd45g regulate neural development and exit from pluripotency in Xenopus</title><title>Mechanisms of development</title><addtitle>Mech Dev</addtitle><description>►
Gadd45a,
Gadd45b and
Gadd45g are expressed differentially during early
Xenopus development. ►
Gadd45ag are required for neural proliferation and neural crest specification. ►
Gadd45ag are required for early embryonic cells to exit pluripotency and enter differentiation.
Gadd45 genes encode a small family of multifunctional stress response proteins, mediating cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair and DNA demethylation. Their role during embryonic development is incompletely understood. Here we identified
Xenopus Gadd45b, compared
Gadd45a,
Gadd45b and
Gadd45g expression during
Xenopus embryogenesis, and characterized their gain and loss of function phenotypes.
Gadd45a and
Gadd45g act redundantly and double Morpholino knock down leads to pleiotropic phenotypes, including shortened axes, head defects and misgastrulation. In contrast,
Gadd45b, which is expressed at very low levels, shows little effect upon knock down or overexpression.
Gadd45ag double Morphants show reduced neural cell proliferation and downregulation of pan-neural and neural crest markers. In contrast,
Gadd45ag Morphants display increased expression of multipotency marker genes including
Xenopus oct4 homologs as well as gastrula markers, while mesodermal markers are downregulated. The results indicate that
Gadd45ag are required for early embryonic cells to exit pluripotency and enter differentiation.</description><subject>Amino Acid Sequence</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antigens, Differentiation - genetics</subject><subject>Antigens, Differentiation - metabolism</subject><subject>Cell cycle arrest</subject><subject>Cell Cycle Checkpoints - physiology</subject><subject>Cell Cycle Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Cell Cycle Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Embryogenesis</subject><subject>Embryonic Development - physiology</subject><subject>Gadd45 genes</subject><subject>GADD45 Proteins</subject><subject>Gene Knockdown Techniques</subject><subject>Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Neurogenesis</subject><subject>Neurogenesis - physiology</subject><subject>Nuclear Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Nuclear Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Pluripotency</subject><subject>Xenopus</subject><subject>Xenopus laevis - embryology</subject><subject>Xenopus laevis - metabolism</subject><subject>Xenopus Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Xenopus Proteins - metabolism</subject><issn>0925-4773</issn><issn>1872-6356</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2011</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkD9P3TAUR62qqDz-fAAW5K1T0mvHjh0xIdRCJSQWkNgsP_sa-SmJg52g8u0b-ihjO907nN8ZDiFnDGoGrP22q4fkaw6M1aBrAP6JbJhWvGob2X4mG-i4rIRSzSE5KmUHsJIt-0IOOdNSaCE25OHaei-kpXb0dP8_0YxPS29npCMu2fbU4wv2aRpwnP9w-CvONOQ00KlfcpzSjKN7pXGkjzimaSkn5CDYvuDp-z0mDz--31_dVLd31z-vLm8rJ7iaKxFUQL312PigOuack8IDk-hD6BQ0znGQ3grddppL5RrZ6SA1a9Q2uJb75ph83XunnJ4XLLMZYnHY93bEtBTTMQ2tAqH_T4LsWtYBrCTbky6nUjIGM-U42PxqGJi37GZn1uzmLbsBbdbs6-b83b5sB_Qfi7-dV-BiD-Ba4yViNsXFNRr6mNHNxqf4D_1v8b2Sbg</recordid><startdate>20110901</startdate><enddate>20110901</enddate><creator>Kaufmann, Lilian T.</creator><creator>Niehrs, Christof</creator><general>Elsevier Ireland Ltd</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20110901</creationdate><title>Gadd45a and Gadd45g regulate neural development and exit from pluripotency in Xenopus</title><author>Kaufmann, Lilian T. ; Niehrs, Christof</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c427t-4f7fe8bde3df791ccc54d015edff9703cc205da48698257c3598f58137bfc62d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2011</creationdate><topic>Amino Acid Sequence</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antigens, Differentiation - genetics</topic><topic>Antigens, Differentiation - metabolism</topic><topic>Cell cycle arrest</topic><topic>Cell Cycle Checkpoints - physiology</topic><topic>Cell Cycle Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Cell Cycle Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Embryogenesis</topic><topic>Embryonic Development - physiology</topic><topic>Gadd45 genes</topic><topic>GADD45 Proteins</topic><topic>Gene Knockdown Techniques</topic><topic>Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Neurogenesis</topic><topic>Neurogenesis - physiology</topic><topic>Nuclear Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Nuclear Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Pluripotency</topic><topic>Xenopus</topic><topic>Xenopus laevis - embryology</topic><topic>Xenopus laevis - metabolism</topic><topic>Xenopus Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Xenopus Proteins - metabolism</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kaufmann, Lilian T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niehrs, Christof</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Mechanisms of development</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kaufmann, Lilian T.</au><au>Niehrs, Christof</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Gadd45a and Gadd45g regulate neural development and exit from pluripotency in Xenopus</atitle><jtitle>Mechanisms of development</jtitle><addtitle>Mech Dev</addtitle><date>2011-09-01</date><risdate>2011</risdate><volume>128</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>401</spage><epage>411</epage><pages>401-411</pages><issn>0925-4773</issn><eissn>1872-6356</eissn><abstract>►
Gadd45a,
Gadd45b and
Gadd45g are expressed differentially during early
Xenopus development. ►
Gadd45ag are required for neural proliferation and neural crest specification. ►
Gadd45ag are required for early embryonic cells to exit pluripotency and enter differentiation.
Gadd45 genes encode a small family of multifunctional stress response proteins, mediating cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair and DNA demethylation. Their role during embryonic development is incompletely understood. Here we identified
Xenopus Gadd45b, compared
Gadd45a,
Gadd45b and
Gadd45g expression during
Xenopus embryogenesis, and characterized their gain and loss of function phenotypes.
Gadd45a and
Gadd45g act redundantly and double Morpholino knock down leads to pleiotropic phenotypes, including shortened axes, head defects and misgastrulation. In contrast,
Gadd45b, which is expressed at very low levels, shows little effect upon knock down or overexpression.
Gadd45ag double Morphants show reduced neural cell proliferation and downregulation of pan-neural and neural crest markers. In contrast,
Gadd45ag Morphants display increased expression of multipotency marker genes including
Xenopus oct4 homologs as well as gastrula markers, while mesodermal markers are downregulated. The results indicate that
Gadd45ag are required for early embryonic cells to exit pluripotency and enter differentiation.</abstract><cop>Ireland</cop><pub>Elsevier Ireland Ltd</pub><pmid>21854844</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.mod.2011.08.002</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete - AutoHoldings; MEDLINE; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Amino Acid Sequence Animals Antigens, Differentiation - genetics Antigens, Differentiation - metabolism Cell cycle arrest Cell Cycle Checkpoints - physiology Cell Cycle Proteins - genetics Cell Cycle Proteins - metabolism Embryogenesis Embryonic Development - physiology Gadd45 genes GADD45 Proteins Gene Knockdown Techniques Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - genetics Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - metabolism Molecular Sequence Data Neurogenesis Neurogenesis - physiology Nuclear Proteins - genetics Nuclear Proteins - metabolism Pluripotency Xenopus Xenopus laevis - embryology Xenopus laevis - metabolism Xenopus Proteins - genetics Xenopus Proteins - metabolism |
| title | Gadd45a and Gadd45g regulate neural development and exit from pluripotency in Xenopus |
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