Resistance to thiabendazole and baseline sensitivity to fludioxonil and pyrimethanil in Botrytis cinerea populations from apple and pear in Washington State

Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is a common postharvest disease of pome fruit. Thiabendazole was the most commonly used postharvest fungicide prior to the registration of fludioxonil and pyrimethanil in 2004 for postharvest use on pome fruit. In this study, 83 and 40 isolates of B. cinerea that...

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Veröffentlicht in:Postharvest biology and technology 2010-04, Vol.56 (1), p.12-18
Hauptverfasser: Zhao, H., Kim, Y.K., Huang, L., Xiao, C.L.
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Xiao, C.L.
description Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is a common postharvest disease of pome fruit. Thiabendazole was the most commonly used postharvest fungicide prior to the registration of fludioxonil and pyrimethanil in 2004 for postharvest use on pome fruit. In this study, 83 and 40 isolates of B. cinerea that had not been exposed to fludioxonil and pyrimethanil were obtained from apple and pear, respectively, screened for resistance to thiabendazole, and tested for sensitivity to fludioxonil and pyrimethanil. Three isolates from apple were highly resistant to thiabendazole, while all remaining isolates were sensitive to thiabendazole. EC 50 values of fludioxonil ranged from 0.003 to 0.038 (mean = 0.005) mg/L for apple isolates and from 0.003 to 0.008 (mean = 0.005) mg/L for pear isolates. EC 50 values of pyrimethanil ranged from 0.013 to 0.173 (mean = 0.060) mg/L and from 0.015 to 0.117 (mean = 0.048) mg/L for apple and pear isolates, respectively. One apple isolate exhibited reduced sensitivity to fludioxonil with EC 50 of 0.038 mg/L, which was significantly higher than those of remaining isolates tested and was considered resistant to fludioxonil. After 20 successive generations on potato dextrose agar and four generations on apple fruit, the fludioxonil-resistant isolate retained the same level of resistance to fludioxonil as the initial generation. However, it showed a higher sensitivity to osmotic stress in vitro, was less pathogenic and virulent on apple fruit, and produced fewer conidia in vivo at 0 °C than fludioxonil-sensitive isolates. On apple fruit at 0 °C, the fludioxonil-resistant isolate was effectively controlled by thiabendazole and pyrimethanil but only partially controlled by fludioxonil. The results indicate that insensitivity to fludioxonil was present in a non-fludioxonil-exposed population of B. cinerea from pome fruit in the region but at a low frequency and that the vast majority of isolates in the baseline population of B. cinerea from pome fruit in the region were sensitive to and can be effectively controlled by the two newly registered postharvest fungicides.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2009.11.013
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Thiabendazole was the most commonly used postharvest fungicide prior to the registration of fludioxonil and pyrimethanil in 2004 for postharvest use on pome fruit. In this study, 83 and 40 isolates of B. cinerea that had not been exposed to fludioxonil and pyrimethanil were obtained from apple and pear, respectively, screened for resistance to thiabendazole, and tested for sensitivity to fludioxonil and pyrimethanil. Three isolates from apple were highly resistant to thiabendazole, while all remaining isolates were sensitive to thiabendazole. EC 50 values of fludioxonil ranged from 0.003 to 0.038 (mean = 0.005) mg/L for apple isolates and from 0.003 to 0.008 (mean = 0.005) mg/L for pear isolates. EC 50 values of pyrimethanil ranged from 0.013 to 0.173 (mean = 0.060) mg/L and from 0.015 to 0.117 (mean = 0.048) mg/L for apple and pear isolates, respectively. One apple isolate exhibited reduced sensitivity to fludioxonil with EC 50 of 0.038 mg/L, which was significantly higher than those of remaining isolates tested and was considered resistant to fludioxonil. After 20 successive generations on potato dextrose agar and four generations on apple fruit, the fludioxonil-resistant isolate retained the same level of resistance to fludioxonil as the initial generation. However, it showed a higher sensitivity to osmotic stress in vitro, was less pathogenic and virulent on apple fruit, and produced fewer conidia in vivo at 0 °C than fludioxonil-sensitive isolates. On apple fruit at 0 °C, the fludioxonil-resistant isolate was effectively controlled by thiabendazole and pyrimethanil but only partially controlled by fludioxonil. 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Psychology ; Fungal plant pathogens ; Fungicide resistance ; fungicides ; Gray mold ; Malus ; natural selection ; osmotic pressure ; Pear ; pears ; Phytopathology. Animal pests. 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Thiabendazole was the most commonly used postharvest fungicide prior to the registration of fludioxonil and pyrimethanil in 2004 for postharvest use on pome fruit. In this study, 83 and 40 isolates of B. cinerea that had not been exposed to fludioxonil and pyrimethanil were obtained from apple and pear, respectively, screened for resistance to thiabendazole, and tested for sensitivity to fludioxonil and pyrimethanil. Three isolates from apple were highly resistant to thiabendazole, while all remaining isolates were sensitive to thiabendazole. EC 50 values of fludioxonil ranged from 0.003 to 0.038 (mean = 0.005) mg/L for apple isolates and from 0.003 to 0.008 (mean = 0.005) mg/L for pear isolates. EC 50 values of pyrimethanil ranged from 0.013 to 0.173 (mean = 0.060) mg/L and from 0.015 to 0.117 (mean = 0.048) mg/L for apple and pear isolates, respectively. One apple isolate exhibited reduced sensitivity to fludioxonil with EC 50 of 0.038 mg/L, which was significantly higher than those of remaining isolates tested and was considered resistant to fludioxonil. After 20 successive generations on potato dextrose agar and four generations on apple fruit, the fludioxonil-resistant isolate retained the same level of resistance to fludioxonil as the initial generation. However, it showed a higher sensitivity to osmotic stress in vitro, was less pathogenic and virulent on apple fruit, and produced fewer conidia in vivo at 0 °C than fludioxonil-sensitive isolates. On apple fruit at 0 °C, the fludioxonil-resistant isolate was effectively controlled by thiabendazole and pyrimethanil but only partially controlled by fludioxonil. The results indicate that insensitivity to fludioxonil was present in a non-fludioxonil-exposed population of B. cinerea from pome fruit in the region but at a low frequency and that the vast majority of isolates in the baseline population of B. cinerea from pome fruit in the region were sensitive to and can be effectively controlled by the two newly registered postharvest fungicides.</description><subject>Apple</subject><subject>apples</subject><subject>application rate</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Botrytis cinerea</subject><subject>conidia</subject><subject>cross resistance</subject><subject>effective concentration 50</subject><subject>Fludioxonil</subject><subject>Food industries</subject><subject>Fruit and vegetable industries</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Fungal plant pathogens</subject><subject>Fungicide resistance</subject><subject>fungicides</subject><subject>Gray mold</subject><subject>Malus</subject><subject>natural selection</subject><subject>osmotic pressure</subject><subject>Pear</subject><subject>pears</subject><subject>Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection</subject><subject>plant pathogenic fungi</subject><subject>Postharvest disease</subject><subject>postharvest diseases</subject><subject>postharvest treatment</subject><subject>Pyrimethanil</subject><subject>Solanum tuberosum</subject><subject>sporulation</subject><subject>strain differences</subject><subject>strains</subject><subject>Thiabendazole</subject><subject>virulence</subject><issn>0925-5214</issn><issn>1873-2356</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkcuOEzEQRVsIJMLAN2AWiFVn_Gj3YwkRj5FGQmIYsbSq3dWTijp2YzsR4Vv4WNwkQixZlVQ699bjFsUrwdeCi_p6t559TFsIx578WnLerYVYc6EeFSvRNqqUStePixXvpC61FNXT4lmMO8651rpdFb--YKSYwFlkybO0JejRDfDTT8jADayHiBM5ZBFdpERHSqeFHKfDQP6HdzT94eZToD3mTZYGOfbOp3BKFJnN4oDAZj8fJkjkXWRj8HsG83yZMSOERfMN4pbcQ_KO3SVI-Lx4MsIU8cWlXhX3H95_3Xwqbz9_vNm8vS1t1ahUVnywmistbT6qk1b2oMbetryqtGpbichVg7apuVICxQDa2qEfRoROyhZqdVW8OfvOwX8_YExmT9HiNIFDf4imE9lLdXwhuzNpg48x4GjmfDaEkxHcLIGYnfknELMEYoQwOZCsfX2ZAtHCNIb8dIp_DaSsmobXMnMvz9wI3sBDyMz9ncwOXDRd3Smdic2ZwPyUI2Ew0RLmCAcKaJMZPP3HPr8BV2u1nA</recordid><startdate>20100401</startdate><enddate>20100401</enddate><creator>Zhao, H.</creator><creator>Kim, Y.K.</creator><creator>Huang, L.</creator><creator>Xiao, C.L.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>M7N</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100401</creationdate><title>Resistance to thiabendazole and baseline sensitivity to fludioxonil and pyrimethanil in Botrytis cinerea populations from apple and pear in Washington State</title><author>Zhao, H. ; Kim, Y.K. ; Huang, L. ; Xiao, C.L.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c473t-40dc50352c05592c2ba3fbc804453882ee037ec760331e1da5ccdbdfea9228a63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Apple</topic><topic>apples</topic><topic>application rate</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Botrytis cinerea</topic><topic>conidia</topic><topic>cross resistance</topic><topic>effective concentration 50</topic><topic>Fludioxonil</topic><topic>Food industries</topic><topic>Fruit and vegetable industries</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Fungal plant pathogens</topic><topic>Fungicide resistance</topic><topic>fungicides</topic><topic>Gray mold</topic><topic>Malus</topic><topic>natural selection</topic><topic>osmotic pressure</topic><topic>Pear</topic><topic>pears</topic><topic>Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection</topic><topic>plant pathogenic fungi</topic><topic>Postharvest disease</topic><topic>postharvest diseases</topic><topic>postharvest treatment</topic><topic>Pyrimethanil</topic><topic>Solanum tuberosum</topic><topic>sporulation</topic><topic>strain differences</topic><topic>strains</topic><topic>Thiabendazole</topic><topic>virulence</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhao, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Y.K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiao, C.L.</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><jtitle>Postharvest biology and technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhao, H.</au><au>Kim, Y.K.</au><au>Huang, L.</au><au>Xiao, C.L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Resistance to thiabendazole and baseline sensitivity to fludioxonil and pyrimethanil in Botrytis cinerea populations from apple and pear in Washington State</atitle><jtitle>Postharvest biology and technology</jtitle><date>2010-04-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>56</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>12</spage><epage>18</epage><pages>12-18</pages><issn>0925-5214</issn><eissn>1873-2356</eissn><abstract>Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is a common postharvest disease of pome fruit. Thiabendazole was the most commonly used postharvest fungicide prior to the registration of fludioxonil and pyrimethanil in 2004 for postharvest use on pome fruit. In this study, 83 and 40 isolates of B. cinerea that had not been exposed to fludioxonil and pyrimethanil were obtained from apple and pear, respectively, screened for resistance to thiabendazole, and tested for sensitivity to fludioxonil and pyrimethanil. Three isolates from apple were highly resistant to thiabendazole, while all remaining isolates were sensitive to thiabendazole. EC 50 values of fludioxonil ranged from 0.003 to 0.038 (mean = 0.005) mg/L for apple isolates and from 0.003 to 0.008 (mean = 0.005) mg/L for pear isolates. EC 50 values of pyrimethanil ranged from 0.013 to 0.173 (mean = 0.060) mg/L and from 0.015 to 0.117 (mean = 0.048) mg/L for apple and pear isolates, respectively. One apple isolate exhibited reduced sensitivity to fludioxonil with EC 50 of 0.038 mg/L, which was significantly higher than those of remaining isolates tested and was considered resistant to fludioxonil. After 20 successive generations on potato dextrose agar and four generations on apple fruit, the fludioxonil-resistant isolate retained the same level of resistance to fludioxonil as the initial generation. However, it showed a higher sensitivity to osmotic stress in vitro, was less pathogenic and virulent on apple fruit, and produced fewer conidia in vivo at 0 °C than fludioxonil-sensitive isolates. On apple fruit at 0 °C, the fludioxonil-resistant isolate was effectively controlled by thiabendazole and pyrimethanil but only partially controlled by fludioxonil. The results indicate that insensitivity to fludioxonil was present in a non-fludioxonil-exposed population of B. cinerea from pome fruit in the region but at a low frequency and that the vast majority of isolates in the baseline population of B. cinerea from pome fruit in the region were sensitive to and can be effectively controlled by the two newly registered postharvest fungicides.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.postharvbio.2009.11.013</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record>
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source Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals
subjects Apple
apples
application rate
Biological and medical sciences
Botrytis cinerea
conidia
cross resistance
effective concentration 50
Fludioxonil
Food industries
Fruit and vegetable industries
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Fungal plant pathogens
Fungicide resistance
fungicides
Gray mold
Malus
natural selection
osmotic pressure
Pear
pears
Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection
plant pathogenic fungi
Postharvest disease
postharvest diseases
postharvest treatment
Pyrimethanil
Solanum tuberosum
sporulation
strain differences
strains
Thiabendazole
virulence
title Resistance to thiabendazole and baseline sensitivity to fludioxonil and pyrimethanil in Botrytis cinerea populations from apple and pear in Washington State
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