Inorganic nitrogen, sterols and bacterial source tracking as tools to characterize water quality and possible contamination sources in surface water
The effects of agricultural activities on stream water quality were assessed by nitrogen analysis, further investigated by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) sterol analysis (including chemometric analysis), and characterized by bacterial source tracking (BST). Surface water samples were c...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water research (Oxford) 2012-03, Vol.46 (4), p.1079-1092 |
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| creator | Furtula, Vesna Osachoff, Heather Derksen, George Juahir, Hafizan Colodey, Al Chambers, Patricia |
| description | The effects of agricultural activities on stream water quality were assessed by nitrogen analysis, further investigated by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) sterol analysis (including chemometric analysis), and characterized by bacterial source tracking (BST). Surface water samples were collected from five sites, throughout the agriculturally-influenced Nathan Creek watershed, British Columbia, Canada and a nearby control site between October 2005 and March 2006. From a total of 48 samples, Canadian Water Quality Guidelines were exceeded nineteen times for nitrate (
NO
3
−
; guideline value: 2.94 mg/L N) and four times for un-ionized ammonia (NH
3; guideline value 0.019 mg/L N). Gas chromatography mass spectrometry single ion monitoring (GC-MS SIM) analysis of 18 sterols showed that five fecal sterols (coprostanol, episoprostanol, cholesterol, cholestanol, desmosterol) were detected at all sites except the control site (where only cholesterol, cholestanol and desmosterol were detected). Three phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) were also detected at all sites while the hormone estrone was present at one site on two occasions at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.04 μg/L. Chemometric analysis (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) grouped sites based on their similarities in sterol composition. Analysis of ten sterol ratios (seven for identifying human fecal contamination and four for differentiating sources of fecal contamination) showed multiple instances of human and animal contamination for every site but the control site. Application of a
Bacteroides-BST method confirmed contamination from ruminant animals, pigs and dogs in varying combinations at all impact sites. Together, these results confirmed the impact of agricultural activities on the Nathan Creek watershed and support a need for better land management practices to protect water quality and aquatic life.
[Display omitted]
► Nitrate, sterols and bacteria are indicators for fecal contamination tracking. ► Analysis of their presence in surface water can distinguish between human and animal pollution. ► Monitoring of fecal contamination can help improve best management practices and maintain and preserve water quality. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.watres.2011.12.002 |
| format | Article |
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NO
3
−
; guideline value: 2.94 mg/L N) and four times for un-ionized ammonia (NH
3; guideline value 0.019 mg/L N). Gas chromatography mass spectrometry single ion monitoring (GC-MS SIM) analysis of 18 sterols showed that five fecal sterols (coprostanol, episoprostanol, cholesterol, cholestanol, desmosterol) were detected at all sites except the control site (where only cholesterol, cholestanol and desmosterol were detected). Three phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) were also detected at all sites while the hormone estrone was present at one site on two occasions at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.04 μg/L. Chemometric analysis (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) grouped sites based on their similarities in sterol composition. Analysis of ten sterol ratios (seven for identifying human fecal contamination and four for differentiating sources of fecal contamination) showed multiple instances of human and animal contamination for every site but the control site. Application of a
Bacteroides-BST method confirmed contamination from ruminant animals, pigs and dogs in varying combinations at all impact sites. Together, these results confirmed the impact of agricultural activities on the Nathan Creek watershed and support a need for better land management practices to protect water quality and aquatic life.
[Display omitted]
► Nitrate, sterols and bacteria are indicators for fecal contamination tracking. ► Analysis of their presence in surface water can distinguish between human and animal pollution. ► Monitoring of fecal contamination can help improve best management practices and maintain and preserve water quality.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0043-1354</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-2448</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.12.002</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22197263</identifier><identifier>CODEN: WATRAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>ammonia ; Animals ; Applied sciences ; aquatic organisms ; Bacteroides - isolation & purification ; beta-sitosterol ; British Columbia ; BST ; campesterol ; chemometrics ; Chemometrics analyses ; cholesterol ; Cluster Analysis ; coprostanol ; dogs ; Environmental Monitoring - methods ; estrone ; Exact sciences and technology ; Fecal pollution ; gas chromatography ; GC-MS ; guidelines ; Humans ; land management ; Limit of Detection ; Livestock ; mass spectrometry ; monitoring ; nitrates ; nitrogen ; Nitrogen - isolation & purification ; PCA ; Pollution ; Principal Component Analysis ; Rivers - chemistry ; Rivers - microbiology ; ruminants ; somatotropin ; Sterol ratio ; Sterols ; Sterols - isolation & purification ; stigmasterol ; streams ; Surface Properties ; surface water ; Surface water quality ; swine ; Water Microbiology ; Water Pollution - analysis ; water quality ; Water Quality - standards ; Water treatment and pollution ; watersheds</subject><ispartof>Water research (Oxford), 2012-03, Vol.46 (4), p.1079-1092</ispartof><rights>2011</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Crown Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-200bd3aaefbd91e5eedc45786669f0e85403c9764b7405145b2877837c6083</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-200bd3aaefbd91e5eedc45786669f0e85403c9764b7405145b2877837c6083</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.12.002$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25755812$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22197263$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Furtula, Vesna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Osachoff, Heather</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Derksen, George</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Juahir, Hafizan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Colodey, Al</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chambers, Patricia</creatorcontrib><title>Inorganic nitrogen, sterols and bacterial source tracking as tools to characterize water quality and possible contamination sources in surface water</title><title>Water research (Oxford)</title><addtitle>Water Res</addtitle><description>The effects of agricultural activities on stream water quality were assessed by nitrogen analysis, further investigated by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) sterol analysis (including chemometric analysis), and characterized by bacterial source tracking (BST). Surface water samples were collected from five sites, throughout the agriculturally-influenced Nathan Creek watershed, British Columbia, Canada and a nearby control site between October 2005 and March 2006. From a total of 48 samples, Canadian Water Quality Guidelines were exceeded nineteen times for nitrate (
NO
3
−
; guideline value: 2.94 mg/L N) and four times for un-ionized ammonia (NH
3; guideline value 0.019 mg/L N). Gas chromatography mass spectrometry single ion monitoring (GC-MS SIM) analysis of 18 sterols showed that five fecal sterols (coprostanol, episoprostanol, cholesterol, cholestanol, desmosterol) were detected at all sites except the control site (where only cholesterol, cholestanol and desmosterol were detected). Three phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) were also detected at all sites while the hormone estrone was present at one site on two occasions at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.04 μg/L. Chemometric analysis (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) grouped sites based on their similarities in sterol composition. Analysis of ten sterol ratios (seven for identifying human fecal contamination and four for differentiating sources of fecal contamination) showed multiple instances of human and animal contamination for every site but the control site. Application of a
Bacteroides-BST method confirmed contamination from ruminant animals, pigs and dogs in varying combinations at all impact sites. Together, these results confirmed the impact of agricultural activities on the Nathan Creek watershed and support a need for better land management practices to protect water quality and aquatic life.
[Display omitted]
► Nitrate, sterols and bacteria are indicators for fecal contamination tracking. ► Analysis of their presence in surface water can distinguish between human and animal pollution. ► Monitoring of fecal contamination can help improve best management practices and maintain and preserve water quality.</description><subject>ammonia</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>aquatic organisms</subject><subject>Bacteroides - isolation & purification</subject><subject>beta-sitosterol</subject><subject>British Columbia</subject><subject>BST</subject><subject>campesterol</subject><subject>chemometrics</subject><subject>Chemometrics analyses</subject><subject>cholesterol</subject><subject>Cluster Analysis</subject><subject>coprostanol</subject><subject>dogs</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring - methods</subject><subject>estrone</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Fecal pollution</subject><subject>gas chromatography</subject><subject>GC-MS</subject><subject>guidelines</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>land management</subject><subject>Limit of Detection</subject><subject>Livestock</subject><subject>mass spectrometry</subject><subject>monitoring</subject><subject>nitrates</subject><subject>nitrogen</subject><subject>Nitrogen - isolation & purification</subject><subject>PCA</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Principal Component Analysis</subject><subject>Rivers - chemistry</subject><subject>Rivers - microbiology</subject><subject>ruminants</subject><subject>somatotropin</subject><subject>Sterol ratio</subject><subject>Sterols</subject><subject>Sterols - isolation & purification</subject><subject>stigmasterol</subject><subject>streams</subject><subject>Surface Properties</subject><subject>surface water</subject><subject>Surface water quality</subject><subject>swine</subject><subject>Water Microbiology</subject><subject>Water Pollution - analysis</subject><subject>water quality</subject><subject>Water Quality - standards</subject><subject>Water treatment and pollution</subject><subject>watersheds</subject><issn>0043-1354</issn><issn>1879-2448</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kcuO1DAQRSMEYpqBP0DgDWJDgu3YcbIZCY14jDQSEo-1VXEqjZu03WM7oOE7-GAcEmDHymXp3FuPWxSPGa0YZc3LQ_UdUsBYccpYxXhFKb9T7FirupIL0d4tdpSKumS1FGfFgxgPNBO87u4XZ5yzTvGm3hU_r5wPe3DWEGdT8Ht0L0hMGPwUCbiB9GDyz8JEop-DQZICmK_W7QlEkvyCJU_MFwgr-ANJngsDuZlhsun2t8nJx2j7CYnxLsHROkjWu80xEpvLOYxgNu3D4t4IU8RH23tefHjz-tPlu_L6_dury1fXpRFMppJT2g81AI790DGUiIMRUrVN03QjxVYKWptONaJXgkomZM9bpdpamYa29XnxfDU9BX8zY0z6aKPBaQKHfo66Y0qqjrZNJsVKmpD3CDjqU7BHCLeaUb1koQ96zUIvWWjGdb50lj3ZGsz9EYe_oj_Hz8CzDYBoYBoDOGPjP04qKVu2GD1duRG8hn3IzOePuZPMgTLG1bLLxUpgvtY3i0FHY9EZHGxAk_Tg7f9n_QWVkbX9</recordid><startdate>20120315</startdate><enddate>20120315</enddate><creator>Furtula, Vesna</creator><creator>Osachoff, Heather</creator><creator>Derksen, George</creator><creator>Juahir, Hafizan</creator><creator>Colodey, Al</creator><creator>Chambers, Patricia</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120315</creationdate><title>Inorganic nitrogen, sterols and bacterial source tracking as tools to characterize water quality and possible contamination sources in surface water</title><author>Furtula, Vesna ; Osachoff, Heather ; Derksen, George ; Juahir, Hafizan ; Colodey, Al ; Chambers, Patricia</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-200bd3aaefbd91e5eedc45786669f0e85403c9764b7405145b2877837c6083</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>ammonia</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>aquatic organisms</topic><topic>Bacteroides - isolation & purification</topic><topic>beta-sitosterol</topic><topic>British Columbia</topic><topic>BST</topic><topic>campesterol</topic><topic>chemometrics</topic><topic>Chemometrics analyses</topic><topic>cholesterol</topic><topic>Cluster Analysis</topic><topic>coprostanol</topic><topic>dogs</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring - methods</topic><topic>estrone</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Fecal pollution</topic><topic>gas chromatography</topic><topic>GC-MS</topic><topic>guidelines</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>land management</topic><topic>Limit of Detection</topic><topic>Livestock</topic><topic>mass spectrometry</topic><topic>monitoring</topic><topic>nitrates</topic><topic>nitrogen</topic><topic>Nitrogen - isolation & purification</topic><topic>PCA</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Principal Component Analysis</topic><topic>Rivers - chemistry</topic><topic>Rivers - microbiology</topic><topic>ruminants</topic><topic>somatotropin</topic><topic>Sterol ratio</topic><topic>Sterols</topic><topic>Sterols - isolation & purification</topic><topic>stigmasterol</topic><topic>streams</topic><topic>Surface Properties</topic><topic>surface water</topic><topic>Surface water quality</topic><topic>swine</topic><topic>Water Microbiology</topic><topic>Water Pollution - analysis</topic><topic>water quality</topic><topic>Water Quality - standards</topic><topic>Water treatment and pollution</topic><topic>watersheds</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Furtula, Vesna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Osachoff, Heather</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Derksen, George</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Juahir, Hafizan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Colodey, Al</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chambers, Patricia</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Water research (Oxford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Furtula, Vesna</au><au>Osachoff, Heather</au><au>Derksen, George</au><au>Juahir, Hafizan</au><au>Colodey, Al</au><au>Chambers, Patricia</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Inorganic nitrogen, sterols and bacterial source tracking as tools to characterize water quality and possible contamination sources in surface water</atitle><jtitle>Water research (Oxford)</jtitle><addtitle>Water Res</addtitle><date>2012-03-15</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>46</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1079</spage><epage>1092</epage><pages>1079-1092</pages><issn>0043-1354</issn><eissn>1879-2448</eissn><coden>WATRAG</coden><abstract>The effects of agricultural activities on stream water quality were assessed by nitrogen analysis, further investigated by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) sterol analysis (including chemometric analysis), and characterized by bacterial source tracking (BST). Surface water samples were collected from five sites, throughout the agriculturally-influenced Nathan Creek watershed, British Columbia, Canada and a nearby control site between October 2005 and March 2006. From a total of 48 samples, Canadian Water Quality Guidelines were exceeded nineteen times for nitrate (
NO
3
−
; guideline value: 2.94 mg/L N) and four times for un-ionized ammonia (NH
3; guideline value 0.019 mg/L N). Gas chromatography mass spectrometry single ion monitoring (GC-MS SIM) analysis of 18 sterols showed that five fecal sterols (coprostanol, episoprostanol, cholesterol, cholestanol, desmosterol) were detected at all sites except the control site (where only cholesterol, cholestanol and desmosterol were detected). Three phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) were also detected at all sites while the hormone estrone was present at one site on two occasions at concentrations of 0.01 and 0.04 μg/L. Chemometric analysis (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) grouped sites based on their similarities in sterol composition. Analysis of ten sterol ratios (seven for identifying human fecal contamination and four for differentiating sources of fecal contamination) showed multiple instances of human and animal contamination for every site but the control site. Application of a
Bacteroides-BST method confirmed contamination from ruminant animals, pigs and dogs in varying combinations at all impact sites. Together, these results confirmed the impact of agricultural activities on the Nathan Creek watershed and support a need for better land management practices to protect water quality and aquatic life.
[Display omitted]
► Nitrate, sterols and bacteria are indicators for fecal contamination tracking. ► Analysis of their presence in surface water can distinguish between human and animal pollution. ► Monitoring of fecal contamination can help improve best management practices and maintain and preserve water quality.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>22197263</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.watres.2011.12.002</doi><tpages>14</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Water research (Oxford), 2012-03, Vol.46 (4), p.1079-1092 |
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| subjects | ammonia Animals Applied sciences aquatic organisms Bacteroides - isolation & purification beta-sitosterol British Columbia BST campesterol chemometrics Chemometrics analyses cholesterol Cluster Analysis coprostanol dogs Environmental Monitoring - methods estrone Exact sciences and technology Fecal pollution gas chromatography GC-MS guidelines Humans land management Limit of Detection Livestock mass spectrometry monitoring nitrates nitrogen Nitrogen - isolation & purification PCA Pollution Principal Component Analysis Rivers - chemistry Rivers - microbiology ruminants somatotropin Sterol ratio Sterols Sterols - isolation & purification stigmasterol streams Surface Properties surface water Surface water quality swine Water Microbiology Water Pollution - analysis water quality Water Quality - standards Water treatment and pollution watersheds |
| title | Inorganic nitrogen, sterols and bacterial source tracking as tools to characterize water quality and possible contamination sources in surface water |
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