Lead concentrations in fine particulate matter after the phasing out of leaded gasoline in Xi’an, China
Daily concentrations of lead (Pb) were determined for PM 2.5 samples collected from an urban location in Xi’an, China from 2007 to 2009 to assess the effects of the phasing out of leaded gasoline in 2000. The Pb concentrations (annual average: 0.306 μg m −3, range: below detection limit to 2.631 μg ...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Atmospheric environment (1994) 2012, Vol.46, p.217-224 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 224 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | |
| container_start_page | 217 |
| container_title | Atmospheric environment (1994) |
| container_volume | 46 |
| creator | Xu, H.M. Cao, J.J. Ho, K.F. Ding, H. Han, Y.M. Wang, G.H. Chow, J.C. Watson, J.G. Khol, S.D. Qiang, J. Li, W.T. |
| description | Daily concentrations of lead (Pb) were determined for PM
2.5 samples collected from an urban location in Xi’an, China from 2007 to 2009 to assess the effects of the phasing out of leaded gasoline in 2000. The Pb concentrations (annual average: 0.306 μg m
−3, range: below detection limit to 2.631 μg m
−3) have declined after the phasing out of leaded gasoline, but the concentrations were still higher than those reported in many other cities. Seasonal variations of Pb were significant, with high concentrations in winter, presumably due to the burning of coal, and low concentrations in summer, due to a deep mixed layer and scavenging of aerosols by precipitation. Correlation analyses and enrichment factor calculations both indicated that anthropogenic sources had a large influence on atmospheric Pb. The lead isotope ratios were low in winter (the average
207Pb/
206Pb ratio was 0.843 ± 0.032;
208Pb/
206Pb was 1.908 ± 0.058) and high in summer (
207Pb/
206Pb was 0.860 ± 0.032;
208Pb/
206Pb was 2.039 ± 0.057), suggesting that coal combustion was the major Pb source in winter and vehicular emission was the major Pb source in summer. Positive Matrix Factorization receptor model indicated that there were five major sources for Pb in PM
2.5. Coal combustion was the major contributor, accounting for 39.0% PM
2.5 mass, followed by vehicular emissions (30.4%). Other contributors included 17.8% from industrial emissions, 11.6% from biomass burning, and 1.2% from fugitive dust.
► Pb concentrations (average: 0.306 μg m
−3 during 2007–2009) have declined after the phasing out of leaded gasoline. ► Pb concentrations in Xi’an are still higher than those reported in many other cities. ► Coal combustion was the strongest source for PM
2.5 Mass (39.0%). |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.078 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_915483577</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S1352231011010417</els_id><sourcerecordid>915483577</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c497t-7958f462a0cfe0f02e872140a455c91b7740783b9930796a34fd70d8c736e9923</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkcGOFCEQhjtGE9fRV1AuRg_bbQFN09zcTFw1mcSDbuKN1NIww6QHRmA28eZr-Ho-iXRm9agXIOGrrwr-pnlOoaNAhzf7DsshZhvuOgaUdqA6kOOD5oKOkrds7PuH9cwFaxmn8Lh5kvMeALhU8qLxG4sTMTEYG0rC4mPIxAfifLDkiKl4c5qxWHLAUmwi6Ja17OrlDrMPWxJPhURH5uqxE9lijvNSWx1f_a8fPzFckvXOB3zaPHI4Z_vsfl81N9fvvqw_tJtP7z-urzat6ZUsrVRidP3AEIyz4IDZUTLaA_ZCGEVvpezr6_itUhykGpD3bpIwjUbywSrF-Kp5dfYeU_x2srnog8_GzjMGG09ZKyr6kQspK_n6nySVUoKSbBAVHc6oSTHnZJ0-Jn_A9F1T0EsKeq__pKCXFDQovcy5al7e98BscHYJg_H5bzUTnAsFvHIvzpzDqHGbKnPzuYoEAFUjqMX09kzY-nl33iadjbc1t8kna4qeov_fML8BXSWqWA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1777097265</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Lead concentrations in fine particulate matter after the phasing out of leaded gasoline in Xi’an, China</title><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>Xu, H.M. ; Cao, J.J. ; Ho, K.F. ; Ding, H. ; Han, Y.M. ; Wang, G.H. ; Chow, J.C. ; Watson, J.G. ; Khol, S.D. ; Qiang, J. ; Li, W.T.</creator><creatorcontrib>Xu, H.M. ; Cao, J.J. ; Ho, K.F. ; Ding, H. ; Han, Y.M. ; Wang, G.H. ; Chow, J.C. ; Watson, J.G. ; Khol, S.D. ; Qiang, J. ; Li, W.T.</creatorcontrib><description>Daily concentrations of lead (Pb) were determined for PM
2.5 samples collected from an urban location in Xi’an, China from 2007 to 2009 to assess the effects of the phasing out of leaded gasoline in 2000. The Pb concentrations (annual average: 0.306 μg m
−3, range: below detection limit to 2.631 μg m
−3) have declined after the phasing out of leaded gasoline, but the concentrations were still higher than those reported in many other cities. Seasonal variations of Pb were significant, with high concentrations in winter, presumably due to the burning of coal, and low concentrations in summer, due to a deep mixed layer and scavenging of aerosols by precipitation. Correlation analyses and enrichment factor calculations both indicated that anthropogenic sources had a large influence on atmospheric Pb. The lead isotope ratios were low in winter (the average
207Pb/
206Pb ratio was 0.843 ± 0.032;
208Pb/
206Pb was 1.908 ± 0.058) and high in summer (
207Pb/
206Pb was 0.860 ± 0.032;
208Pb/
206Pb was 2.039 ± 0.057), suggesting that coal combustion was the major Pb source in winter and vehicular emission was the major Pb source in summer. Positive Matrix Factorization receptor model indicated that there were five major sources for Pb in PM
2.5. Coal combustion was the major contributor, accounting for 39.0% PM
2.5 mass, followed by vehicular emissions (30.4%). Other contributors included 17.8% from industrial emissions, 11.6% from biomass burning, and 1.2% from fugitive dust.
► Pb concentrations (average: 0.306 μg m
−3 during 2007–2009) have declined after the phasing out of leaded gasoline. ► Pb concentrations in Xi’an are still higher than those reported in many other cities. ► Coal combustion was the strongest source for PM
2.5 Mass (39.0%).</description><identifier>ISSN: 1352-2310</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2844</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.078</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>aerosols ; anthropogenic activities ; Applied sciences ; atmospheric chemistry ; Atmospheric pollution ; Atmospherics ; biomass ; burning ; cities ; Coal ; Combustion ; detection limit ; emissions ; Exact sciences and technology ; Gasoline ; isotopes ; lead ; Lead (metal) ; Lead concentration ; Lead isotope ; particulates ; Phasing ; PM 2.5 ; Pollution ; seasonal variation ; Source apportionment ; Summer ; Winter ; Xi’an</subject><ispartof>Atmospheric environment (1994), 2012, Vol.46, p.217-224</ispartof><rights>2011 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c497t-7958f462a0cfe0f02e872140a455c91b7740783b9930796a34fd70d8c736e9923</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c497t-7958f462a0cfe0f02e872140a455c91b7740783b9930796a34fd70d8c736e9923</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231011010417$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3536,4009,27902,27903,27904,65309</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25335903$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Xu, H.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, J.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ho, K.F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Han, Y.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, G.H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chow, J.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Watson, J.G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khol, S.D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qiang, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, W.T.</creatorcontrib><title>Lead concentrations in fine particulate matter after the phasing out of leaded gasoline in Xi’an, China</title><title>Atmospheric environment (1994)</title><description>Daily concentrations of lead (Pb) were determined for PM
2.5 samples collected from an urban location in Xi’an, China from 2007 to 2009 to assess the effects of the phasing out of leaded gasoline in 2000. The Pb concentrations (annual average: 0.306 μg m
−3, range: below detection limit to 2.631 μg m
−3) have declined after the phasing out of leaded gasoline, but the concentrations were still higher than those reported in many other cities. Seasonal variations of Pb were significant, with high concentrations in winter, presumably due to the burning of coal, and low concentrations in summer, due to a deep mixed layer and scavenging of aerosols by precipitation. Correlation analyses and enrichment factor calculations both indicated that anthropogenic sources had a large influence on atmospheric Pb. The lead isotope ratios were low in winter (the average
207Pb/
206Pb ratio was 0.843 ± 0.032;
208Pb/
206Pb was 1.908 ± 0.058) and high in summer (
207Pb/
206Pb was 0.860 ± 0.032;
208Pb/
206Pb was 2.039 ± 0.057), suggesting that coal combustion was the major Pb source in winter and vehicular emission was the major Pb source in summer. Positive Matrix Factorization receptor model indicated that there were five major sources for Pb in PM
2.5. Coal combustion was the major contributor, accounting for 39.0% PM
2.5 mass, followed by vehicular emissions (30.4%). Other contributors included 17.8% from industrial emissions, 11.6% from biomass burning, and 1.2% from fugitive dust.
► Pb concentrations (average: 0.306 μg m
−3 during 2007–2009) have declined after the phasing out of leaded gasoline. ► Pb concentrations in Xi’an are still higher than those reported in many other cities. ► Coal combustion was the strongest source for PM
2.5 Mass (39.0%).</description><subject>aerosols</subject><subject>anthropogenic activities</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>atmospheric chemistry</subject><subject>Atmospheric pollution</subject><subject>Atmospherics</subject><subject>biomass</subject><subject>burning</subject><subject>cities</subject><subject>Coal</subject><subject>Combustion</subject><subject>detection limit</subject><subject>emissions</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Gasoline</subject><subject>isotopes</subject><subject>lead</subject><subject>Lead (metal)</subject><subject>Lead concentration</subject><subject>Lead isotope</subject><subject>particulates</subject><subject>Phasing</subject><subject>PM 2.5</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>seasonal variation</subject><subject>Source apportionment</subject><subject>Summer</subject><subject>Winter</subject><subject>Xi’an</subject><issn>1352-2310</issn><issn>1873-2844</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkcGOFCEQhjtGE9fRV1AuRg_bbQFN09zcTFw1mcSDbuKN1NIww6QHRmA28eZr-Ho-iXRm9agXIOGrrwr-pnlOoaNAhzf7DsshZhvuOgaUdqA6kOOD5oKOkrds7PuH9cwFaxmn8Lh5kvMeALhU8qLxG4sTMTEYG0rC4mPIxAfifLDkiKl4c5qxWHLAUmwi6Ja17OrlDrMPWxJPhURH5uqxE9lijvNSWx1f_a8fPzFckvXOB3zaPHI4Z_vsfl81N9fvvqw_tJtP7z-urzat6ZUsrVRidP3AEIyz4IDZUTLaA_ZCGEVvpezr6_itUhykGpD3bpIwjUbywSrF-Kp5dfYeU_x2srnog8_GzjMGG09ZKyr6kQspK_n6nySVUoKSbBAVHc6oSTHnZJ0-Jn_A9F1T0EsKeq__pKCXFDQovcy5al7e98BscHYJg_H5bzUTnAsFvHIvzpzDqHGbKnPzuYoEAFUjqMX09kzY-nl33iadjbc1t8kna4qeov_fML8BXSWqWA</recordid><startdate>2012</startdate><enddate>2012</enddate><creator>Xu, H.M.</creator><creator>Cao, J.J.</creator><creator>Ho, K.F.</creator><creator>Ding, H.</creator><creator>Han, Y.M.</creator><creator>Wang, G.H.</creator><creator>Chow, J.C.</creator><creator>Watson, J.G.</creator><creator>Khol, S.D.</creator><creator>Qiang, J.</creator><creator>Li, W.T.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SU</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2012</creationdate><title>Lead concentrations in fine particulate matter after the phasing out of leaded gasoline in Xi’an, China</title><author>Xu, H.M. ; Cao, J.J. ; Ho, K.F. ; Ding, H. ; Han, Y.M. ; Wang, G.H. ; Chow, J.C. ; Watson, J.G. ; Khol, S.D. ; Qiang, J. ; Li, W.T.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c497t-7958f462a0cfe0f02e872140a455c91b7740783b9930796a34fd70d8c736e9923</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>aerosols</topic><topic>anthropogenic activities</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>atmospheric chemistry</topic><topic>Atmospheric pollution</topic><topic>Atmospherics</topic><topic>biomass</topic><topic>burning</topic><topic>cities</topic><topic>Coal</topic><topic>Combustion</topic><topic>detection limit</topic><topic>emissions</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Gasoline</topic><topic>isotopes</topic><topic>lead</topic><topic>Lead (metal)</topic><topic>Lead concentration</topic><topic>Lead isotope</topic><topic>particulates</topic><topic>Phasing</topic><topic>PM 2.5</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>seasonal variation</topic><topic>Source apportionment</topic><topic>Summer</topic><topic>Winter</topic><topic>Xi’an</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Xu, H.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, J.J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ho, K.F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Han, Y.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, G.H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chow, J.C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Watson, J.G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khol, S.D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qiang, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, W.T.</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environmental Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Atmospheric environment (1994)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Xu, H.M.</au><au>Cao, J.J.</au><au>Ho, K.F.</au><au>Ding, H.</au><au>Han, Y.M.</au><au>Wang, G.H.</au><au>Chow, J.C.</au><au>Watson, J.G.</au><au>Khol, S.D.</au><au>Qiang, J.</au><au>Li, W.T.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Lead concentrations in fine particulate matter after the phasing out of leaded gasoline in Xi’an, China</atitle><jtitle>Atmospheric environment (1994)</jtitle><date>2012</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>46</volume><spage>217</spage><epage>224</epage><pages>217-224</pages><issn>1352-2310</issn><eissn>1873-2844</eissn><abstract>Daily concentrations of lead (Pb) were determined for PM
2.5 samples collected from an urban location in Xi’an, China from 2007 to 2009 to assess the effects of the phasing out of leaded gasoline in 2000. The Pb concentrations (annual average: 0.306 μg m
−3, range: below detection limit to 2.631 μg m
−3) have declined after the phasing out of leaded gasoline, but the concentrations were still higher than those reported in many other cities. Seasonal variations of Pb were significant, with high concentrations in winter, presumably due to the burning of coal, and low concentrations in summer, due to a deep mixed layer and scavenging of aerosols by precipitation. Correlation analyses and enrichment factor calculations both indicated that anthropogenic sources had a large influence on atmospheric Pb. The lead isotope ratios were low in winter (the average
207Pb/
206Pb ratio was 0.843 ± 0.032;
208Pb/
206Pb was 1.908 ± 0.058) and high in summer (
207Pb/
206Pb was 0.860 ± 0.032;
208Pb/
206Pb was 2.039 ± 0.057), suggesting that coal combustion was the major Pb source in winter and vehicular emission was the major Pb source in summer. Positive Matrix Factorization receptor model indicated that there were five major sources for Pb in PM
2.5. Coal combustion was the major contributor, accounting for 39.0% PM
2.5 mass, followed by vehicular emissions (30.4%). Other contributors included 17.8% from industrial emissions, 11.6% from biomass burning, and 1.2% from fugitive dust.
► Pb concentrations (average: 0.306 μg m
−3 during 2007–2009) have declined after the phasing out of leaded gasoline. ► Pb concentrations in Xi’an are still higher than those reported in many other cities. ► Coal combustion was the strongest source for PM
2.5 Mass (39.0%).</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.078</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1352-2310 |
| ispartof | Atmospheric environment (1994), 2012, Vol.46, p.217-224 |
| issn | 1352-2310 1873-2844 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_915483577 |
| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | aerosols anthropogenic activities Applied sciences atmospheric chemistry Atmospheric pollution Atmospherics biomass burning cities Coal Combustion detection limit emissions Exact sciences and technology Gasoline isotopes lead Lead (metal) Lead concentration Lead isotope particulates Phasing PM 2.5 Pollution seasonal variation Source apportionment Summer Winter Xi’an |
| title | Lead concentrations in fine particulate matter after the phasing out of leaded gasoline in Xi’an, China |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-27T05%3A29%3A11IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lead%20concentrations%20in%20fine%20particulate%20matter%20after%20the%20phasing%20out%20of%20leaded%20gasoline%20in%20Xi%E2%80%99an,%20China&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric%20environment%20(1994)&rft.au=Xu,%20H.M.&rft.date=2012&rft.volume=46&rft.spage=217&rft.epage=224&rft.pages=217-224&rft.issn=1352-2310&rft.eissn=1873-2844&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.078&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E915483577%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1777097265&rft_id=info:pmid/&rft_els_id=S1352231011010417&rfr_iscdi=true |